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Oxidative Stress and Lipid Dysregulation in Lipid Droplets: A Connection to Chronic Kidney Disease Revealed in Human Kidney Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071387. [PMID: 35883878 PMCID: PMC9312214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is defined as a condition causing the gradual loss of kidney function, shows renal lipid droplet (LD) accumulation that is associated with oxidative damage. There is a possibility that an LD abnormality in quality plays a role in CKD development. This study aimed to explore the chemical composition of LDs that are induced in human kidney cells during exposure to free fatty acids as an LD source and oxidized lipoproteins as oxidative stress. The LDs were aspirated directly from cells using nanotips, followed by in-tip microextraction, and the LD lipidomic profiling was conducted using nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. As a result, the free fatty acids increased the LD lipid content and, at the same time, changed their composition significantly. The oxidized lipoproteins caused distorted proportions of intact lipids, such as triacylglycerols (TG), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and cholesteryl esters (CE). Notably, the oxidized lipids, including the hydroperoxides of TG, PC, and PE, exhibited significant elevations in dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, the dysregulation of intact lipids was paralleled with the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. The present study has revealed that the oxidation of lipids and the dysregulation of the lipid metabolism coexisted in LDs in the kidney cells, which has provided a potential new target for diagnosis and new insights into CKD.
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Chen Z, Liang Q, Wu Y, Gao Z, Kobayashi S, Patel J, Li C, Cai F, Zhang Y, Liang C, Chiba H, Hui SP. Comprehensive lipidomic profiling in serum and multiple tissues from a mouse model of diabetes. Metabolomics 2020; 16:115. [PMID: 33067714 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder causing multiple organ damage in human. However, the lipidomic profiles in different organs and their associations are rarely studied in either diabetic patients or animals. OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the characteristics of lipid species in serum and multiple tissues in a diabetic mouse model. METHODS Semi-quantitative profiling analyses of intact and oxidized lipids were performed in serum and multiple tissues from a diabetic mouse model fed a high fat diet and treated with streptozotocin by using LC/HRMS and MS/MS. The total content of each lipid class, and the tissue-specific lipid species in all tissue samples were determined and compared by multivariate analyses. RESULTS The diabetic mouse model displayed characteristic differences in serum and multiple organs: the brain and heart showed the largest reduction in cardiolipin, while the kidney had more alterations in triacylglycerol. Interestingly, the lipidomic differences also existed between different regions of the same organ: cardiolipin species with highly polyunsaturated fatty acyls decreased only in atrium but not in ventricle, while renal cortex showed longer fatty acyl chains for both increased and decreased triacylglycerol species than renal medulla. Importantly, diabetes caused an accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, suggesting that oxidative stress was induced in all organs except for the brain during the development of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided novel insight into the organ-specific relationship between diabetes and lipid metabolism, which might be useful for evaluating not only diabetic tissue injury but also the effectiveness of diabetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11548, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Zijun Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11548, USA
| | - Joy Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11548, USA
| | - Cairong Li
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, Xianning, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, Xianning, China
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11548, USA
| | - Chongsheng Liang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-2-1-15, Higashi, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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