1
|
Subandi MA, Derin S, Setiyawati D. Al Ghazali's Concept of Diseases of the Spiritual Heart and its Significance to the DSM-5-TR Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:490-514. [PMID: 37474879 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The intertwined relationship between religion and mental health has been accounted for since the earliest recorded history. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the concept of diseases of the spiritual heart (DOTSH) from the Islamic-Sufi perspective and the medical-psychiatric concept of mental disorder. We examined two essential documents as our primary data sources: (1) Al Ghazali's Ihya Ulumuddin (Revivals of Religion Sciences) Volume III entitled the Quarter of the Destructive and (2) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Version, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). We employed a document analysis of the qualitative method by applying six steps of data analysis. We reviewed the English version of Al Ghazali's book to identified DOTSH. In this stage, we found six DOTSH categories which comprised of 40 DOTSH. Then, we searched the correspondence of DOTSH's categories to the DSM-5-TR criteria for mental disorders. We found that all DOTSH categories correspond to DSM-5-TR diagnostics criteria, diagnostic features or diagnostic associated features. We concluded that spiritual heart diseases not only present as symptoms but also can be regarded as mental disorder preconditions that require preventive intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Subandi
- Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Welton-Mitchell C, Dally M, Dickinson KL, Morris-Neuberger L, Roberts JD, Blanch-Hartigan D. Influence of mental health on information seeking, risk perception and mask wearing self-efficacy during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal panel study across 6 U.S. States. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:203. [PMID: 37430351 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding factors that influence information seeking, assessment of risk and mitigation behaviors is critical during a public health crises. This longitudinal study examined the influence of self-reported mental health during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic on information seeking, risk perception and perceived mask wearing ability. Mental health screener items included fear, anger, and hopelessness in addition to avoidance, diminished functional ability and global distress. Theoretical models inform hypotheses linking mental health items and outcomes. METHODS The research employed a longitudinal 6-state 3-wave online panel survey, with an initial sample of 3,059 participants (2,232 included in longitudinal analyses). Participants roughly represented the states' age, race, ethnicity, and income demographics. RESULTS Women, those who identified as Hispanic/Latinx, Black Americans and lower income participants reported higher overall rates of distress than others. Information seeking was more common among older persons, Democrats, retirees, those with higher education, and those who knew people who had died of COVID-19. Controlling for such demographic variables, in multivariable longitudinal models that included baseline mental health measures, distress and fear were associated with increased information seeking. Distress and fear were also associated with increased risk perception, and feelings of hopelessness were associated with lower reported mask-wearing ability. CONCLUSIONS Results advance understanding of the role mental health can play in information seeking, risk perception and mask wearing with implications for clinicians, public health practitioners and policy makers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Welton-Mitchell
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Mail Stop, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Miranda Dally
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Mail Stop, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Katherine L Dickinson
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Mail Stop, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lindsay Morris-Neuberger
- Communication Studies, West Virginia University, Armstrong Hall, 94 Beechurst Ave STE 108, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jennifer D Roberts
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Putwain DW, Symes W, Marsh-Henry Z, Marsh HW, Pekrun R. COVID-19 meets control-value theory: Emotional reactions to canceled high-stakes examinations. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 105:102319. [PMID: 37360958 PMCID: PMC10277859 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, examinations scheduled for summer 2020 were canceled as part of measures designed to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine how four retrospective emotions about canceled examinations (relief, gratitude, disappointment, and anger) and one prospective emotion (test anxiety) were related to control-value appraisals, a sample of 474 participants in the UK aged 15-19 years, who would have taken high-stakes examinations if they had not been canceled, self-reported measures of control, value, retrospective emotions and test anxiety. Data were analysed using the confirmatory factor analysis within exploratory structural equation modeling (EwC) approach. Relief, gratitude, and anger were predicted from expectancy × value interactions. Disappointment was related to expectancy only. Test anxiety was predicted independently by expectancy and positive/negative value. Findings offer broad support for Control-Value Theory and show how the appraisals underpinning achievement emotions can differ when focused on canceled examinations rather than success or failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Putwain
- School of Education, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wendy Symes
- Department of Education, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhané Marsh-Henry
- School of Education, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Herbert W Marsh
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reinhard Pekrun
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Levin-Aspenson HF, Diehl JM, Boyd SI, Zimmerman M. Levels of Anger Severity in Psychiatric Patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:29-34. [PMID: 35926192 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Given anger's clinical relevance and adverse impact on functioning, there is a need to examine diagnostically heterogeneous individuals at different levels of anger severity to provide a basis for considering anger severity in clinical research and practice. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project, we examined the validity of severity classifications based on the Clinically Useful Anger Outcome Scale (CUANGOS) in 1738 clinically heterogeneous psychiatric outpatients. We compared patients reporting no, mild, moderate, or severe anger with regard to demographics, psychosocial morbidity, functioning, and life satisfaction. Increasing anger severity was associated with elevated clinician-rated psychosocial morbidity and poorer self-rated functioning and life satisfaction. Results demonstrate that assessing anger severity yields crucial information about psychosocial functioning and morbidity. This provides additional validity evidence for self-reported anger in general and the CUANGOS in particular, in that the CUANGOS can validly distinguish among meaningfully different anger severity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Diehl
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Simone Imani Boyd
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawler S, Stapinski L, Teesson M, Prior K, Basto-Pereira M, Newton N, Barrett EL. Unpacking Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: The Relative Importance of Hazardous Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP18935-NP18959. [PMID: 34715761 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211044103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Young adulthood is an important developmental period for investigating the nature of violent behavior. This study examines the unique contribution of alcohol use to violence perpetration among young adults in the Australian community, after accounting for the influence of sociodemographic, early life, trait, and well-being influences. Cross-sectional, self-report data was collected from 507 young adults aged 18-20 years in the Australian general community via an online survey. Sequential logistic regressions examined the relative and independent contribution of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), impulsivity, psychological distress, and hazardous alcohol use to past-year violent behavior. Results show one in eight young adults aged 18-20 (13%) reported at least one act of violent behavior in the past year, primarily assault perpetrated against another person. Sequential logistic regression identified that after controlling for other risk factors, the number of ACEs reported and hazardous alcohol use were independently and positively associated with increased odds of reporting violent behavior in young adulthood. These findings demonstrate that ACEs and hazardous alcohol use are important, independent correlates of violent behavior in young adults. While preventing early adversity is key for reducing violence in the community, this evidence suggests that it is also important to target proximal causes such as hazardous alcohol use. Increasing early and widespread access to evidence-based, trauma-informed violence-prevention programs targeting risk factors across multiple settings is critical for reducing harm and supporting young people into healthy adulthood.
Collapse
|
6
|
Varker T, Cowlishaw S, Baur J, McFarlane AC, Lawrence-Wood E, Metcalf O, Van Hooff M, Sadler N, O'Donnell ML, Hodson S, Benassi H, Forbes D. Problem anger in veterans and military personnel: Prevalence, predictors, and associated harms of suicide and violence. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:57-64. [PMID: 35453092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem anger is increasingly identified as an important issue, and may be associated with suicidality and violence. This study investigates the relationship between problem anger, suicidality, and violence amongst veterans and military personnel. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data from n = 12,806 military personnel and veterans were subject to analyses. These considered the weighted prevalence of problem anger, while further analyses of veterans (n = 4326) considered risk factors and co-occurrence with other psychiatric conditions. Path analyses examined inter-relationships involving anger, violence and suicidality. RESULTS There were 30.7% of veterans and 16.4% of military personnel that reported past month problem anger, while 14.9% of veterans and 7.4% of military personnel reported physical violence. There were higher levels of suicidality among veterans (30.3%), than military personnel (14.3%). Logistic regression models indicated that PTSD was the strongest risk factor for problem anger (PCL-5, OR = 21.68), while there were small but substantial increases in anger rates associated with depression (OR = 15.62) and alcohol dependence (OR = 6.55). Path models indicated that problem anger had an influence on suicide attempts, occurring primarily through suicidal ideation, and an influence on violence. Influences of problem anger on suicidal ideation and violence remained significant when controlling for co-occurring mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Problem anger, violence, and suicidality are common and inter-related issues among military personnel and veterans. Problem anger is a unique correlate of suicidality, supporting the need for anger to be included as part of violence and suicide risk assessment, and clinician training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Varker
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenelle Baur
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ellie Lawrence-Wood
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olivia Metcalf
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miranda Van Hooff
- Military and Emergency Services Health Australia, The Hospital Research Foundation Group, The University of Adelaide, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Sadler
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meaghan L O'Donnell
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie Hodson
- Open Arms - Veteran & Families Counselling, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen Benassi
- Joint Health Command, Joint Capabilities Group, Australian Department of Defence, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeong D, Shim EJ. Association of perceived inequality, relative deprivation and loneliness with the trajectory of anger in university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35728100 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the trajectory of anger and its psychosocial predictors (i.e., perceived social inequality, relative deprivation, and loneliness) as well as its association with anxiety and depression. PARTICIPANTS/METHOD Students (N = 365) completed an online survey three times over a one-year period. RESULTS Three trajectories of anger were identified by growth mixture modeling: low/stable (i.e., a low and stable anger over time; 88.0%), low/increasing (i.e., a low level of anger with an increasing trend; 6.7%), and moderate/decreasing class (i.e., a moderate level of anger with a decreasing trend; 5.3%). A greater perception of relative deprivation, but not of perceived social inequality, was associated with the low/increasing class. A greater level of loneliness was associated with the moderate/decreasing class. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were higher in the moderate/decreasing and low/increasing class than in the low/stable class. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that interventions targeted at anger may benefit from addressing perceptions of relative deprivation and loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Shim
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leung R, Cook MM, Capra MF, Johnstone KR. The contribution of respiratory and hearing protection use to psychological distress in the workplace: a scoping review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1647-1659. [PMID: 35474491 PMCID: PMC9041289 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workers from various industries use personal protective equipment (PPE) including masks, respirators, and hearing protection to reduce their exposures to workplace hazards. Many studies have evaluated the physiological impacts of PPE use, but few have assessed the psychological impacts. The aim of the present study was to carry out a scoping review to compile existing evidence and determine the extent of knowledge on workplace mask, respirator or hearing protection use as a psychosocial hazard (stressor) that could result in a stress response and potentially lead to psychological injury. METHODS The scoping review followed recognized methods and was conducted using Ovid Emcare, PubMed, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Google Scholar and preprint databases (OSF Preprints and medRxiv). Articles on the stressors associated with the use of masks, respirators, and hearing protection were included. The extracted data included author(s) name, year of publication, title of article, study design, population data, stressors assessed, and key findings. RESULTS We retrieved 650 articles after removal of duplicates, of which 26 were deemed eligible for inclusion for review. Identified factors associated with PPE use that could potentially create a stress response were identified: communication impacts, physical impacts, psychological illness symptoms, cognitive impacts, and perceived PPE-related impacts. Evidence for respirators suggest that there may be psychological injury associated with their use. However, hearing protection appears to have a protective effect in reducing psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and aggression. CONCLUSIONS Mask or respirator use may lead to an increase in work-related stress. Whereas hearing protection may have protective effects against psychological symptoms and improves speech intelligibility. More research is needed to better understand potential psychosocial impacts of mask, respirator and/or hearing protection use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Leung
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Margaret M Cook
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mike F Capra
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelly R Johnstone
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kwon CY, Suh HW, Kim JW, Chung SY. Anti-anger Effects of Herbal Medicine: A Mini-Review of Rat Studies. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:263-271. [PMID: 35084699 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the available data on the anti-anger effects of herbal medicines (HMs) as well as their underlying mechanisms in rat models. METHODS From 6 electronic databases [PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS)], relevant animal experiments were searched by using "anger," "rats," and "animal" as search keywords. The last search was conducted on November 22, 2019, and all experiments involving rat models of anger and treatment using HMs published until the date of the search were considered. RESULTS A total of 24 studies with 16 kinds of HMs were included. Most studies have used the "tail irritating method" and "social isolation and resident intruder" method to establish anger models. According to the included studies, the therapeutic mechanisms of HMs for anger regulation and important herbs by their frequency and/or preclinical evidence mainly incladed regulation of hemorheology (Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix), regulation of sex hormones (Bupleuri Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), regulation of neurotransmitters (Cyperi Rhizoma), regulation of anger-related genes (Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), and other effects. Overall, Liver (Gan) qi-smoothing herbs including Bupleuri Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma were the most frequently used. CONCLUSIONS This review found the frequent methods to establish an anger model, and major mechanisms of anti-anger effects of HMs. Interestingly, some Liver qi-smoothing herbs have been frequently used to investigate the anti-anger effects of HM. These findings provide insight into the role and relevance of HMs in the field of anger management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Weon Suh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdonggu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdonggu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yong Chung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdonggu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rezai H, Sadeghian E, Shamsaei F, Ghafari ME. Effect of Anger Management Education on Aggression in Bipolar Disorder Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666211220160326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Aggression is one of the symptoms of bipolar disorder. This expression can be associated with negative personal and social effects
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the effect of anger management education on aggression in bipolar disorder.
Method:
This semi-experimental study with a repeated measures design was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, 2018. Fifty-two bipolar type-1 disorder patients were randomly selected from the Psychiatric Ward of Farshian Hospital through the convenience sampling method. The anger management education intervention included four sessions. Also, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) was completed by the subjects before, immediately, and two weeks after the educational intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS16, using Mauchly’s sphericity test and the least significant difference.
Results:
The mean aggression score was 61.38±11.59 before the intervention, which reduced to 27.18±8.61 and 18.86±6.45 immediately and two weeks after the intervention, respectively. The repeated measures test showed that the decreasing trend of scores was statistically significant (P<0.001). Moreover, pairwise comparison of study stages demonstrated a significant difference between the first and second stages (P<0.001) and the second and third stages (P<0.001).
Conclusion:
Anger management education reduced the level of aggression in bipolar type-1 disorder. Therefore, it can be incorporated into nursing care programs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rezai
- Background: Aggression is one of the symptoms of bipolar disorder. This expression can be associated with negative personal and social effects, Iran
| | - Efat Sadeghian
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, India
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Ghafari
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Gulian University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Christmas Island
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thompson JS, Schmidt NB. The role of anxiety sensitivity in anger symptomatology: Results from a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 83:102462. [PMID: 34384991 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anger is often overlooked in the assessment and treatment of pathological anxiety, despite there being evidence that anger is elevated across all anxiety disorders. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), a major risk factor of anxiety disorders, has been shown to modulate anger in response to threat induced hyperarousal. The current study therefore examined if reductions in anxiety sensitivity (AS) mediate reductions in anger symptoms. Outcomes from a randomized control trial evaluating the efficacy of a brief AS mitigation intervention were analyzed. Patients with anxiety and comorbid conditions were randomly assigned to AS reduction (n = 58) or a repeated contact control condition (n = 60) and followed up with for three months. Analyses evaluated whether treatment related change in AS mediated later reductions in anger, hostility, verbal aggression, and physical aggression. Results revealed that reductions in AS temporally mediated the effects of treatment on later reductions in anger, hostility, verbal aggression, and physical aggression. Specificity analyses provided further support for the direction and specific variables examined in these models. Results suggest that AS may be a promising treatment target for anger symptoms among those with elevated anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Laitano HV, Ely A, Sordi AO, Schuch FB, Pechansky F, Hartmann T, Hilgert JB, Wendland EM, Von Dimen L, Scherer JN, Calixto AM, Narvaez JCM, Ornell F, Kessler FHP. Anger and substance abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021; 44:103-110. [PMID: 33605366 PMCID: PMC8827371 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate levels of anger among substance users compared to non-user controls and to analyze the possible association between anger and psychoactive substance use (PSU). Methods: The procedures of this review followed the Meta-Analyzes of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIREME, PsycINFO) were searched. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis; 10 used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) anger trait subscale and two used the Buss-Perry-Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) anger subscale. The sample included 2,294 users of psychoactive substances and 2,143 non-users, all male. The mean difference in anger scale scores between users and non-users was 2.151 (95%CI 1.166-3.134, p ≤ 0.00, inconsistency index [I2] = 98.83) standard deviations. Age and abstinence duration did not moderate the difference in anger between substance users and non-users. Conclusion: Users of psychoactive substances had elevated anger scores compared to non-users, which represents a high risk of relapse. It is suggested that PSU treatment programs include intensive anger management modules, focusing on factors such as dealing with daily stressors, family conflicts, frustrations, and problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen V Laitano
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psicologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ely
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psicologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anne O Sordi
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Hartmann
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana B Hilgert
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Wendland
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia Von Dimen
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Scherer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mendes Calixto
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joana C M Narvaez
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix H P Kessler
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kyron MJ, Rikkers W, Page AC, O'Brien P, Bartlett J, LaMontagne A, Lawrence D. Prevalence and predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among Australian police and emergency services employees. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:180-195. [PMID: 32615800 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420937774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents rates of suicide thoughts and behaviours of police and emergency services personnel around Australia. In addition, it examines personal (i.e. mental health, substance use) and working environment risk and protective factors. METHOD A stratified random sample of personnel from 33 Australian emergency services organisations were invited to participate in a mental health and wellbeing survey. In total, 14,868 Australian ambulance, fire and rescue, police and state emergency services employees participated and self-reported any suicidal thoughts, plans and/or attempts in the 12 months prior to the survey or at any stage in their life. Logistic regressions assessed factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours. RESULTS Employees reported notably higher rates of suicidal thoughts and plans than the general Australian adult population, but not attempts. Male, single/divorced, non-heterosexual or longer-serving employees reported higher rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviours across each sector. Perceptions of stigma regarding mental health conditions from others in the workplace, negative impact of work on one's private life and low meaning of work were associated with suicidal thoughts, while bullying significantly differentiated who planned and attempted suicide from those who reported suicidal thoughts only. Higher resilience and social support were associated with lower suicidal thoughts, while intermittent explosive anger and illegal drug use were associated with higher rates of suicidal thoughts. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms significantly differentiated who planned suicide, while misuse of prescription drugs and psychological distress differentiated who attempted suicide from those who only reported suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSION Amid inherently stressful occupations, it is important that workplaces function in a way that supports their personnel. Access to mental health services should be promoted and readily available to personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kyron
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wavne Rikkers
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Page
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Bartlett
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony LaMontagne
- Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. SYSTEM 2020; 94. [PMCID: PMC7443158 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2020.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Teaching often is listed as one of the most stressful professions and being a language teacher triggers its own unique challenges. Responses to the Covid-19 pandemic have created a long list of new stressors for teachers to deal with, including problems caused by the emergency conversion to online language teaching. This article examines the stress and coping responses of an international sample of over 600 language teachers who responded to an online survey in April 2020. The survey measured stressors and 14 coping strategies grouped into two types, approach and avoidant. Substantial levels of stress were reported by teachers. Correlations show that positive psychological outcomes (wellbeing, health, happiness, resilience, and growth during trauma) correlated positively with approach coping and negatively with avoidant coping. Avoidant coping, however, consistently correlated (rs between 0.42 and 0.54) only with the negative outcomes (stress, anxiety, anger, sadness, and loneliness). In addition, ANOVA showed that although approach coping was consistently used across stress groups, avoidant coping increased as stress increased suggesting that there may be a cost to using avoidant coping strategies. Stepwise regression analyses using the 14 specific coping strategies showed a complex pattern of coping. Suggestions for avoiding avoidance coping strategies are offered.
Collapse
|
15
|
Prior K, Ross J, Mills K, Teesson M. Social Phobia Among Depressed Individuals Entering Residential Rehabilitation Programmes: Prevalence and Correlates. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
16
|
Shepherd G, Cant M. Difficult to change? The differences between successful and not‐so‐successful participation in anger management groups. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
de Bles NJ, Rius Ottenheim N, van Hemert AM, Pütz LEH, van der Does AJW, Penninx BWJH, Giltay EJ. Trait anger and anger attacks in relation to depressive and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:259-265. [PMID: 31450135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with various psychiatric disorders may suffer from feelings of anger, sometimes leading to maladaptive (e.g., aggressive) behaviors. We examined to what extent depressive and anxiety disorders, relevant clinical correlates, and sociodemographics determined the level of trait anger and the prevalence of recent anger attacks. METHODS In the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), the Spielberger Trait Anger Subscale and the Anger Attacks Questionnaire were analyzed in patients with depressive (n = 204), anxiety (n = 288), comorbid (n = 222), and remitted disorders (n = 1,107), as well as in healthy controls (n = 470) based on DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS On average, participants were 46.2 years old (SD = 13.1) and 66.3% were female. Trait anger and anger attacks were most prevalent in the comorbid group (M = 18.5, SD = 5.9, and prevalence 22.1%), followed by anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, remitted disorder, and controls (M = 12.7; SD = 2.9, and prevalence 1.3%). Major depressive disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder were most strongly associated to trait anger and anger attacks. LIMITATIONS Due to a cross-sectional design, it was not possible to provide evidence for temporal or causal relationships between anger and depressive and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Trait anger and anger attacks are linked to depressive and anxiety disorders, although the strength of the relationship differed among both anger constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke J de Bles
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nathaly Rius Ottenheim
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura E H Pütz
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim J, Kim J, Park S. Military hazing and suicidal ideation among active duty military personnel: Serial mediation effects of anger and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:79-85. [PMID: 31158719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military hazing is one of most serious problems affecting suicidal ideation (SI) among active duty personnel, but has received limited research attention. Studies on hazing and SI indicate anger and depressive symptoms as mediators for SI. METHODS A sample of active duty military personnel (N = 944) completed an offline survey, consisting of the revised Conflict Tactics Scale-2, Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scale, and revised Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Frequency, bivariate correlation, and serial mediation analyses were conducted to assess the serial effects of military hazing on SI, mediated via anger and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Military hazing, anger, depressive symptoms, and SI were positively related to each other in bivariate analyses. In serial mediation analyses, hazing was found to be a significant predictor of higher levels of anger, consequently triggering depressive symptoms, which, in turn, were associated with greater SI. LIMITATIONS Study limitations included the use of cross-sectional data with the use of retrospective self-report. CONCLUSION Hazing in the military is prevalent (17.6%), and SI is associated with serial effects of hazing, anger, and depressive symptoms with full mediation path. Findings suggest that policies that address reducing hazing and implementing clinical interventions specifically focused on symptoms of anger and depression may be important for decreasing SI in military personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JaeYop Kim
- School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JoonBeom Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - SooKyung Park
- School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kannis-Dymand L, Salguero JM, Ramos-Cejudo J, Novaco RW. Dimensions of Anger Reactions-Revised (DAR-R): Validation of a brief anger measure in Australia and Spain. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1233-1248. [PMID: 30758849 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A validated, brief measure of anger is needed in clinical settings to screen for problematic anger. This study examined the validity of the seven-item Dimensions of Anger Reactions-Revised (DAR-R), including a version for the Spanish population. METHOD Multiple psychometric instruments administered to 541 (76.6% female) adults in Australia and 1,115 (56.3% female) in Spain were analyzed. RESULTS A two-factor model (anger response and anger impairment) was confirmed. Concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were supported. Anger response items strongly correlated with established measures of anger/aggression State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Aggression Questionnaire), whereas anger impairment items strongly correlated with anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measures. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability (3 months) were good. Cut-off scores for problematic anger were established. There were no gender differences in anger in the Spanish sample, but Australian males had higher anger scores than females. CONCLUSION Results substantiate the utility of the DAR-R as a concise, clinically informative measure of anger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kannis-Dymand
- Sunshine Coast Mind & Neuroscience-Thompson Institute, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - José M Salguero
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Ramos-Cejudo
- Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymond W Novaco
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Genovese T, Dalrymple K, Chelminski I, Zimmerman M. Subjective anger and overt aggression in psychiatric outpatients. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 73:23-30. [PMID: 27855338 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The attention given to anger and aggression in psychiatric patients pales in comparison to the attention given to depression and anxiety. Most studies have focused on a limited number of psychiatric disorders, and results have been inconsistent. The present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project sought to replicate and extend prior findings examining which psychiatric disorders and demographic characteristics were independently associated with elevated levels of anger and aggression. METHOD 3800 individuals presenting to the Rhode Island Hospital Department of Psychiatry outpatient practice underwent a semi-structured interview to determine current Axis I (N=3800) and Axis II (N=2151) pathology. Severity of subjective anger and overt aggression within the past week were also assessed for each patient, and odds ratios were determined for each disorder. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine which diagnoses independently contributed to increased levels of anger and aggression. RESULTS Almost half of the sample reported moderate-to-severe levels of current subjective anger, and more than 20% endorsed moderate-to-severe levels of current overt aggression. The frequency of anger was similar to the frequencies of depressed mood and psychic anxiety. Anger and aggression were elevated across all diagnoses except adjustment disorder. Anger and aggression were most elevated in patients with major depressive disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, and cluster B personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS Anger is as common as depressed mood and psychic anxiety amongst psychiatric outpatients, and problems with anger cut across diagnostic categories. Given the high prevalence of problems with anger in psychiatric patients, more research should be directed towards its effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Genovese
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Kristy Dalrymple
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Iwona Chelminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernandez E, Johnson SL. Anger in psychological disorders: Prevalence, presentation, etiology and prognostic implications. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 46:124-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
22
|
Cassiello-Robbins C, Barlow DH. Anger: The unrecognized emotion in emotional disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Emotion-relevant impulsivity predicts sustained anger and aggression after remission in bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:169-75. [PMID: 26437231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that anger and aggression are of concern even during remission for persons with bipolar I disorder, although there is substantial variability in the degree of anger and aggression across individuals. Little research is available to examine psychological models of anger and aggression for those with remitted bipolar disorder, and that was the goal of this study. Participants were 58 persons diagnosed with bipolar I disorder using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, who were followed with monthly symptom severity interviews until they achieved remission, and then assessed using the Aggression-Short Form. We examined traditional predictors of clinical parameters and trauma exposure, and then considered three trait domains that have been shown to be elevated in bipolar disorder and have also been linked to aggression outside of bipolar disorder: emotion-relevant impulsivity, approach motivation, and dominance-related constructs. Emotion-relevant impulsivity was related to anger, hostility, verbal aggression, and physical aggression, even after controlling for clinical variables. Findings extend the importance of emotion-relevant impulsivity to another important clinical outcome and suggest the promise of using psychological models to understand the factors driving aggression and anger problems that persist into remission among persons with bipolar disorder.
Collapse
|
24
|
Johnson SL, Tharp JA, Peckham AD, McMaster KJ. Emotion in bipolar I disorder: Implications for functional and symptom outcomes. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 125:40-52. [PMID: 26480234 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the centrality of emotion disturbance in neurobiological models of bipolar disorder, the behavioral literature has not yet clearly identified the most central aspects of emotion disturbance in bipolar disorder. Toward this aim, we gathered a battery of emotion-related measures in 67 persons diagnosed with bipolar I disorder as assessed with the SCID and a well-matched control group of 58 persons without a history of mood disorders. Those with bipolar disorder were interviewed monthly until they achieved remission, and then tested on emotion measures. A subset of 36 participants with bipolar disorder completed symptom severity interviews at 12-month follow-up. Factor analyses indicated 4 emotion factor scores: Negative Emotion, Positive Emotion, Reappraisal, and Suppression. Bivariate analyses suggested that bipolar disorder was tied to a host of emotion disturbances, but multivariate analyses suggested that bipolar disorder was particularly tied to elevations of Negative Emotion. High Negative Emotion, low Positive Emotion, and high Suppression were conjointly related to lower functioning. Reappraisal predicted declines in depression over time for those with bipolar disorder. Findings highlight the importance of considering the overall profile of emotion disturbance in bipolar disorder. Emotion and emotion regulation appear central to a broad range of outcomes in bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley
| | - Jordan A Tharp
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley
| | | | - Kaja J McMaster
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Malhi GS. Buds of May. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013; 47:405-6. [PMID: 23653058 DOI: 10.1177/0004867413486555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|