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Dörner M, Tyndall A, Hainc N, von Känel R, Neumann K, Euler S, Schreiber F, Arndt P, Fuchs E, Garz C, Glanz W, Butryn M, Schulze JB, Schiebler SLF, John AC, Hildebrand A, Hofmann AB, Machetanz L, Kirchebner J, Tacik P, Grimm A, Jansen R, Pawlitzki M, Henneicke S, Bernal J, Perosa V, Düzel E, Meuth SG, Vielhaber S, Mattern H, Schreiber S. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and lifelong mental activities in cerebral amyloid angiopathy - a cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:196. [PMID: 39232823 PMCID: PMC11375846 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several studies in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) focus on cognitive function, data on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and lifelong mental activities in these patients are scarce. Since NPS are associated with functional impairment, faster cognitive decline and faster progression to death, replication studies in more diverse settings and samples are warranted. METHODS We prospectively recruited n = 69 CAA patients and n = 18 cognitively normal controls (NC). The number and severity of NPS were assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Assessment Scale's (ADAS) noncognitive subscale. We applied different regression models exploring associations between NPS number or severity and group status (CAA vs. NC), CAA severity assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), ADAS cognitive subscale), adjusting for age, sex, years of education, arterial hypertension, AD pathology, and apolipoprotein E status. Mediation analyses were performed to test indirect effects of lifelong mental activities on CAA severity and NPS. RESULTS Patients with CAA had 4.86 times (95% CI 2.20-10.73) more NPS and 3.56 units (95% CI 1.94-5.19) higher expected NPS severity than NC. Higher total CAA severity on MRI predicted 1.14 times (95% CI 1.01.-1.27) more NPS and 0.57 units (95% CI 0.19-0.95) higher expected NPS severity. More severe white matter hyperintensities were associated with 1.21 times more NPS (95% CI 1.05-1.39) and 0.63 units (95% CI 0.19-1.08) more severe NPS. NPS number (MMSE mean difference - 1.15, 95% CI -1.67 to -0.63; ADAS cognitive mean difference 1.91, 95% CI 1.26-2.56) and severity (MMSE - 0.55, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.30; ADAS cognitive mean difference 0.89, 95% CI 0.57-1.21) predicted lower cognitive function. Greater lifelong mental activities partially mediated the relationship between CAA severity and NPS (indirect effect 0.05, 95% CI 0.0007-0.13), and greater lifelong mental activities led to less pronounced CAA severity and thus to less NPS (indirect effect - 0.08, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.002). DISCUSSION This study suggests that NPS are common in CAA, and that this relationship may be driven by CAA severity. Furthermore, NPS seem to be tied to lower cognitive function. However, lifelong mental activities might mitigate the impact of NPS in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dörner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Anthony Tyndall
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Nicolin Hainc
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Katja Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Euler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Arndt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erelle Fuchs
- Department of Neuroradiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Garz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Ben Schulze
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lavinia Florence Schiebler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Charlotte John
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annkatrin Hildebrand
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas B Hofmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Lena Machetanz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kirchebner
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Tacik
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Center for Neurology, Tuebingen University Hospital and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robin Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Solveig Henneicke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jose Bernal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Perosa
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mattern
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Schiavolin S, Camarda G, Mazzucchelli A, Mariniello A, Marinoni G, Storti B, Canavero I, Bersano A, Leonardi M. Cognitive and psychological characteristics in patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: a literature review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3031-3049. [PMID: 38388894 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To review the current data on cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients with CAA and on the instruments used for their evaluation. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Embase, Scopus and PubMed with terms related to "cerebral amyloid angiopathy", "neuropsychological measures" and "patient-reported outcome measures" from January 2001 to December 2021. RESULTS Out of 2851 records, 18 articles were selected. The cognitive evaluation was present in all of which, while the psychological one only in five articles. The MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination), TMT (Trail Making Test), fluency test, verbal learning test, digit span, digit symbol and Rey figure tests were the most used cognitive tests, while executive function, memory, processing speed, visuospatial function, attention and language were the most frequent impaired cognitive functions. Depression was the most considered psychological factor usually measured with BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study might be used in clinical practice as a guide to choose cognitive and psychological instruments and integrate them in the clinical evaluation. The results might also be used in the research field for studies investigating the impact of cognitive and psychological variables on the disease course and for consensus studies aimed at define a standardized evaluation of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schiavolin
- SC Neurologia, Salute Pubblica E Disabilità, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Camarda
- SC Neurologia, Salute Pubblica E Disabilità, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessia Mazzucchelli
- SC Neurologia, Salute Pubblica E Disabilità, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Mariniello
- SC Neurologia, Salute Pubblica E Disabilità, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marinoni
- SC Malattie Cerebrovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Storti
- SC Malattie Cerebrovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Canavero
- SC Malattie Cerebrovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Bersano
- SC Malattie Cerebrovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- SC Neurologia, Salute Pubblica E Disabilità, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Smith EE, Crites S, Wang M, Charlton A, Zwiers A, Sekhon R, Sajobi T, Camicioli R, McCreary CR, Frayne R, Ismail Z. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Is Associated With Emotional Dysregulation, Impulse Dyscontrol, and Apathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022089. [PMID: 34755541 PMCID: PMC8751932 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) causes cognitive decline, but it is not known whether it is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Methods and Results Participants with CAA, mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, and normal cognition were recruited from stroke and dementia clinics and community advertising. NPS were captured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire short form. The number and total severity (number multiplied by severity of each symptom [mild, moderate, or severe]) of NPS were analyzed using generalized linear regression with a negative binomial link and multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and education. A total of 109 participants (43 with CAA, 15 with Alzheimer's disease, 28 with mild cognitive impairment, and 23 with normal cognition) (mean age 71.1 [SD=7.6]; 53.2% male) were included. The most frequent NPS in CAA were depression/dysphoria (48.8%), irritability/lability (37.2%), agitation/aggression (37.2%), apathy/indifference (34.9%), and anxiety (32.6%). In adjusted models, patients with CAA had 3.2 times (95% CI, 1.7-6.0) more NPS symptoms and 3.1 units (95% CI, 1.0-5.1) higher expected severity score. The number of NPS was similar to patients with mild cognitive impairment (3.2 times higher than controls) but less than in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (4.1 times higher than controls). Within patients with CAA, there were 1.20 times (95% CI, 1.01-1.32) more NPS per 1% increase in white matter hyperintensity as a percentage of intracranial volume. Conclusions NPS are common in CAA, with a similar prevalence as in mild cognitive impairment. The association of the total number of NPS with higher white matter hyperintensity volume suggests that white matter damage may underlie some of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Calgary Alberta Canada
| | | | - Meng Wang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Anna Charlton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Angela Zwiers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Ramnik Sekhon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Tolulope Sajobi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Department of Medicine (Neurology) University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Cheryl R McCreary
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Radiology University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Richard Frayne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Radiology University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
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Garcia-Segura ME, Fischer CE, Schweizer TA, Munoz DG. APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 Is Associated with Aberrant Motor Behavior Through Both Lewy Body and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Pathology in High Alzheimer's Disease Pathological Load. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:1077-1087. [PMID: 31744003 PMCID: PMC9680058 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant motor behavior (AMB) is a neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD), known to cause great distress to both patients and caregivers. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the most important genetic predictor of AD, and it has been associated with high NPS prevalence. OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuropathological substrates and risk factors associated with AMB in AD patients. METHODS Cases with Braak stage I-II and CERAD 0-1 were classified as Low AD (LAD), while Braak stage III-IV and CERAD 2 were grouped as Intermediate AD (IAD). Cases with Braak stage V-VI and CERAD 3 were classified as High AD (HAD) in accordance with NIA-Reagan criteria. All cases were stratified by APOE genotype, yielding No ɛ4 & ɛ4 and ɛ4/ɛ4 groups depending on ɛ4 copy number within APOE. Presence of AMB was assessed using NPI-Q. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION AMB increased in parallel with CERAD and Braak & Braak scores. Hypercholesterolemia, but no other cardiovascular risk factors, was associated with AMB in HAD. AMB prevalence in HAD was significantly increased in the presence of two APOEɛ4 alleles as compared to No ɛ4 & ɛ4. The relationship between homozygous APOE4 and AMB was strongly associated with the presence of both Lewy bodies and cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathologies in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Emili Garcia-Segura
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E. Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G. Munoz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Pathology, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Banerjee G, Carare R, Cordonnier C, Greenberg SM, Schneider JA, Smith EE, Buchem MV, Grond JVD, Verbeek MM, Werring DJ. The increasing impact of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: essential new insights for clinical practice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:982-994. [PMID: 28844070 PMCID: PMC5740546 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has never been more relevant. The last 5 years have seen a rapid increase in publications and research in the field, with the development of new biomarkers for the disease, thanks to advances in MRI, amyloid positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis. The inadvertent development of CAA-like pathology in patients treated with amyloid-beta immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease has highlighted the importance of establishing how and why CAA develops; without this information, the use of these treatments may be unnecessarily restricted. Our understanding of the clinical and radiological spectrum of CAA has continued to evolve, and there are new insights into the independent impact that CAA has on cognition in the context of ageing and intracerebral haemorrhage, as well as in Alzheimer's and other dementias. While the association between CAA and lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (with its high recurrence risk) is now well recognised, a number of management dilemmas remain, particularly when considering the use of antithrombotics, anticoagulants and statins. The Boston criteria for CAA, in use in one form or another for the last 20 years, are now being reviewed to reflect these new wide-ranging clinical and radiological findings. This review aims to provide a 5-year update on these recent advances, as well as a look towards future directions for CAA research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Banerjee
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Roxana Carare
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Department of Neurology, Université de Lille, Inserm U1171, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- J P Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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