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Li H. To Know all is to Forgive all: The Effect of Foreign Experiences on Forgiveness. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:851-867. [PMID: 36121339 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By going abroad, individuals get the opportunity to explore a new country and to immerse themselves in a new culture. Despite being personally and professionally rewarding, little is known about interpersonal attitudes and behavior change that accompany living abroad experiences. The current research examines whether foreign experiences influence forgiveness. Drawing on the Structure-Appraisal Model of Multicultural Experiences and literature examining the positive effect of foreign experiences on self-control related to the suppression of impulsive retaliation, we propose that international experiences lead to a greater tendency to forgive. As predicted, we found that foreign experiences correlated positively with forgiving motivations toward transgressors across different measures of forgiveness and diverse samples (Studies 1-2). Study three compared forgiveness of individuals who had lived abroad with forgiveness of individuals who had plans to live abroad but had not done so yet. We found consistent support for the hypothesis that living abroad has an impact on forgiveness. By employing an experimental design, Study four established the causal effect of international experiences on forgiveness. Taken together, these findings suggest that when individuals experience foreign cultures, they learn to understand interpersonal conflicts from different perspectives and show greater leniency and forgiveness toward transgressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Sichuan International Studies University, China
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2
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Marmarosh CL, Sandage S, Wade N, Captari LE, Crabtree S. New horizons in group psychotherapy research and practice from third wave positive psychology: a practice-friendly review. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2022; 25. [PMID: 36373391 PMCID: PMC9893048 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2022.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Group psychotherapy has been shown to be equivalent to individual therapy for many disorders, including anxiety, depression, grief, eating disorders, and schizophrenia (Burlingame & Strauss, 2021). In addition to effectiveness in reducing symptoms, group offers members a sense of belonging, purpose, hope, altruism, and meaning throughout treatment (Yalom & Leszcz, 2020). These additional outcomes are especially important considering the COVID-19 pandemic and national/international conflicts, given the trauma, disruptions, and losses people have experienced. Applying recent developments in positive psychology to group therapy can enhance treatment. A practice-friendly review examined recent advances in the positive psychology literature, demonstrating how group therapy offers members unique growth opportunities in addition to reducing symptoms. Key findings from studies applying positive psychological constructs to group therapy outcomes are synthesized. Our review sheds light on the relevance of third wave positive psychology to enrich group therapy (Lomas et al., 2021). Specifically, group therapy can facilitate the development of vitalizing psychological virtues, and these can be used to assess treatment outcome: humanity, wisdom, transcendence, courage, temperance, and justice. Interrelatedly, we present support for including attachment theory and mentalization within a positive psychological group framework. Implications are explored for group therapy research, clinical work, and training.
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Hmong participants' reactions to return of individual and community pharmacogenetic research results: "A positive light for our community". J Community Genet 2020; 12:53-65. [PMID: 32761465 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-020-00475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic research has historically lacked racial and ethnic diversity, limiting the application of findings to minority populations. Recent studies, including the Hmong, have gauged communities' interest in participating in genomic research and receiving their individual results. This study was conducted to create a culturally and linguistically appropriate format to return pharmacogenomic results and identify Minnesota Hmong research participants' reactions to their personal and collective results. Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers collaborated with Hmong community members to format the pharmacogenetic disclosure process. Three focus groups were completed with 24 Hmong participants and three major themes emerged using thematic analysis. Many Hmong focus group participants viewed the results positively, finding them useful for themselves and their community as a means to optimize responses to and avoid harms from medicines. However, some participants expressed concerns about harms that the pharmacogenetic information could bring, including anxiety, misunderstanding, discrimination, exploitation, and lack of a clinician involvement in interpreting and applying the result. Many participants interpreted their results through an experiential lens, trusting their experience of medicines more than trusting genetic information, and through a cultural lens, expressing the belief that environmental factors may influence how people's bodies respond to medicines by influencing their inherited flesh and blood (roj ntsha). Lastly, participants stressed the importance of disseminating the information while acknowledging the complex linguistic, educational, and cultural factors that limit understanding of the results. Researchers, genetic counselors, pharmacists, and healthcare providers should strive to return results in meaningful ways to all members of society.
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Anjum A, Amjad N. Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): Translation and Validation in Urdu Language. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Values in Action is a classification of 24 character strengths grouped under six virtue categories. This classification is claimed to be universal across cultures and religions (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and its measure that is, Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) has been translated and validated in many languages. The present study aimed at its Urdu translation and validation on Pakistani adults taken from different educational institutes and workplaces. Study comprised two parts. Part I dealt with the translation and cross-language validation while in Part II, Construct validation on a sample of 542 adults and convergent validity on a sample of 210 adult participants were determined. Findings revealed satisfactory alpha coefficients for Urdu version. Significant positive correlations with positive affect and life satisfaction and negative correlations with negative affect were indicators of its convergent validity. Age was negatively associated with five strengths whereas significant gender differences were found on seven strengths. Social desirability effects were nonsignificant. Strength-to-virtue level factor structure exploration resulted in a theoretically meaningful four factor structure. Factors were named as Interpersonal, Cognitive, Vitality, and Transcendence and were comparable to factor structures proposed in studies on VIA-IS from a few other cultures. The study offers a valid Urdu translation for use in future studies with adult Urdu speaking population.
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ZENG X, SUN Y, DENG Y, OEI TPS. Appreciative joy rooted in Chinese culture: Its relationship with strengths in values in action. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1651886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong ZENG
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifan SUN
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanhe DENG
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tian P. S. OEI
- School of Psychology and CBT Unit, Toowong Hospital, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville, Singapore
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Chi P, Tang Y, Worthington EL, Chan CLW, Lam DOB, Lin X. Intrapersonal and interpersonal facilitators of forgiveness following spousal infidelity: A stress and coping perspective. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1896-1915. [PMID: 31347701 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forgiveness includes processes that involve a decision to stop bitterness and thoughts of revenge (i.e., decisional forgiveness), which further motivates the forgiver towards the restoration of positive emotions (i.e., emotional forgiveness). Using stress and coping framework, this study investigated intrapersonal and interpersonal facilitators of decisional and emotional forgiveness in a Chinese marital context. METHOD Participants were 154 respondents who had experienced or were experiencing spousal infidelity. RESULTS Solidarity-oriented personality and perceived partner's reconciliation motivation facilitated benign attributions and empathy, then facilitated higher levels of decisional forgiveness, which promoted emotional forgiveness. Strength of marital bond before the infidelity directly predicted higher levels of emotional forgiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the differentiated decisional and emotional forgiveness processes after spousal infidelity and delineate different coping mechanism that triggers them, thus lending culturally appropriate evidence for clinicians who work with clients facing spousal infidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yixin Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cecilia L W Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Debbie O B Lam
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Goldner L, Lev-Wiesel R, Simon G. Revenge Fantasies After Experiencing Traumatic Events: Sex Differences. Front Psychol 2019; 10:886. [PMID: 31143138 PMCID: PMC6520653 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiences of humiliation, unjust hurt caused by another or anger naturally, elicit the desire to seek revenge and fantasies of revenge. The current study examined the associations between a history of traumatic events and feelings of injustice and levels of desire for revenge-seeking and fantasies of revenge. Specifically, it tested whether feelings of injustice mediated the associations between the number of past traumatic events and the desire for revenge or revenge fantasies. Based on recent studies showing that retaliatory violence is gendered, sex differences in levels of feelings of injustice, desire for revenge, and the presence of revenge fantasies were explored, as well whether participants' sex conditioned the mediation models. The results showed positive associations between feelings of injustice and the desire for revenge and revenge fantasies. The mediation model indicated that feelings of injustice mediated the associations between the number of previous traumatic events and the desire for revenge or revenge fantasies. Men had higher levels of revenge fantasies than women, whereas women tended to perceive revenge as pointless. A sex effect was found for the mediation model, which revealed significant regressed models for women but not for men. The clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Goldner
- The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Joo M, Terzino KA, Cross SE, Yamaguchi N, Ohbuchi KI. How Does Culture Shape Conceptions of Forgiveness? Evidence From Japan and the United States. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022119845502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Theories of culture, cognition, and social relations suggest there may be differences in conceptions of forgiveness between the members of East Asian and Western cultures, but few researchers have examined this issue. This article builds on previous research on prototypes of forgiveness in the United States to address the question “What is forgiveness?” in Japan. In Studies 1a and 1b, we investigated Japanese conceptions of forgiveness. Study 2 demonstrated that forgiveness features that U.S. and Japanese participants generated are meaningfully different. Compared with Americans, Japanese participants focused more on aspects related to relationship harmony; they seemed to emphasize an adjustment motive and decisional forgiveness. They also put less emphasis on emotional forgiveness and attention to individuals in comparison with Americans. Our results suggest that the high value placed on relationship maintenance in Japan leads to different understandings of forgiveness. Inclusion of culturally diverse conceptions into the definition of forgiveness aids further understanding of forgiveness, which, in turn, enhances the development and application of existing theories.
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Snow NE. Positive psychology, the classification of character strengths and virtues, and issues of measurement. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2018.1528376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Snow
- The Institute for the Study of Human Flourishing, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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McGrath RE. Refining our understanding of the VIA Classification: Reflections on papers by Han, Miller, and Snow. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2018.1528382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. McGrath
- School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
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11
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Ho MY, Worthington EL. Is the concept of forgiveness universal? a cross-cultural perspective comparing western and eastern cultures. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Rich GJ. The promise of qualitative inquiry for positive psychology: Diversifying methods. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1225119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ajibade A, Hook JN, Utsey SO, Davis DE, Van Tongeren DR. Racial/Ethnic Identity, Religious Commitment, and Well-Being in African Americans. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798414568115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the study of positive psychology has flourished in recent years, most research has focused on White samples. There is, however, a growing body of research examining cultural factors that may contribute to the psychological health and well-being of African Americans. The present study examined the associations between racial/ethnic identity, religious commitment, satisfaction with life, and meaning in a sample of African Americans ( N = 199). Racial/ethnic identity was positively associated with satisfaction with life and meaning, and these associations were partially mediated by high religious commitment. We conclude by discussing implications for the findings and areas for future research.
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Wilding L, Griffey S. The strength-based approach to educational psychology practice: a critique from social constructionist and systemic perspectives. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2014.981631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maree DJ, Maree M, Collins C. The Relationship Between Hope And Goal Achievement. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2008.10820172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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van Dyk GA. Forgiveness and the Well-Being of Members of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF): A Process for Discussion. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2008.10820250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hook JN, Worthington EL, Davis DE, Watkins D, Hui E, Luo W, Fu H, Shulruf B, Morris P, Reyna SH. A China-New Zealand comparison of forgiveness. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N. Hook
- Department of Psychology; University of North Texas; Denton Texas USA
| | | | - Don E. Davis
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services; Georgia State University; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - David Watkins
- Faculty of Education; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Eadaoin Hui
- Faculty of Education; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Department of Policy and Leadership Studies; National Institute of Education; Singapore
| | - Hong Fu
- College of Education; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Boaz Shulruf
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Paul Morris
- School of Art History; Classics and Religious Studies; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Samuel H. Reyna
- Department of Psychology; University of North Texas; Denton Texas USA
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Jankowski PJ, Sandage SJ, Hill PC. Differentiation-based models of forgivingness, mental health and social justice commitment: Mediator effects for differentiation of self and humility. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2013.820337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hook JN, Worthington EL, Utsey SO, Davis DE, Burnette JL. Collectivistic Self-Construal and Forgiveness. COUNSELING AND VALUES 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-007x.2012.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Svalina SS, Webb JR. Forgiveness and health among people in outpatient physical therapy. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 34:383-92. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2011.607216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss cultural similarities and differences in the processes of forgiveness. Forgiveness is a complex construct without a consensual definition. Generally speaking, forgiveness is the process that involves a change in cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behaviors regarding the transgressor ( R. D. Enright & R. P. Fitzgibbons, 2000 ). Scientific interest in forgiveness has rapidly increased in the recent years, but whether the conceptualizations and underling mechanisms of forgiveness are similar across cultures still remain unclear. A dynamic process model of forgiveness is proposed in this paper, which includes the sociocultural, cognitive, emotional, motivational, and behavioral aspects of forgiveness processes. Particular processes that are likely to differ across Eastern–Western cultures are identified.
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Webb JR, Brewer K. Forgiveness and college student drinking in southern Appalachia. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891003706373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Webb JR, Brewer K. Forgiveness, Health, and Problematic Drinking among College Students in Southern Appalachia. J Health Psychol 2010; 15:1257-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105310365177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is growing regarding the salutary relationships between spirituality and health, including alcohol problems, yet little is known about spirituality and health in the context thereof. Cross-sectional associations between forgiveness and health were examined among college student problematic drinkers ( n = 126; ♀ = 60%; Mage = 22) in Southern Appalachia. Controlling for demographic variables (including religiosity), dimensions of forgiveness accounted for 7—33 percent of the variance in the health-related variables in a salutary fashion. Forgiveness of Self appears to be the most important dimension of forgiveness measured, yet the most difficult to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken Brewer
- Northeast State Community College, Blountville, Tennessee, USA
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Sandage SJ, Cook KV, Hill PC, Strawn BD, Reimer KS. Hermeneutics and Psychology: A Review and Dialectical Model. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.12.4.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors encourage psychologists to transcend the simple but often made a contrast of quantitative and qualitative epistemologies by reissuing a call to consider a hermeneutical realist perspective. The authors recognize that such calls are not new and have largely gone unheeded in the past, perhaps because of how a more radical hermeneutical perspective has been conceptualized and communicated. Rooted in P. Ricoeur's (1981) philosophy of distanciation, the authors propose a dialectic of understanding and explanation that values both quantitative and qualitative methodologies by (a) tracing the philosophical development of hermeneutics as a paradigm for knowing, (b) demonstrating useful hermeneutical applications to psychology as a whole and to some specific subdisciplines, and (c) illustrating how a hermeneutic realist approach is beneficial to the multicultural study of virtue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter C. Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University
| | - Brad D. Strawn
- Department of Spiritual Development, Southern Nazarene University
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Abstract
Existing models of forgiveness and the strategies to promote forgiveness that draw from them are predominantly individualistic. As the United States becomes more diverse and counseling psychology becomes a more global field, counseling psychologists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have a collectivistic worldview. The authors propose a theoretical model that clarifies the relationship between collectivism and forgiveness. The importance of maintaining social harmony in collectivistic cultures is central to this relationship. The model has two propositions. First, collectivistic for- giveness occurs within the broad context of social harmony, reconciliation, and relational repair. Second, collectivistic forgiveness is understood as pri- marily a decision to forgive but is motivated largely to promote and maintain group harmony rather than inner peace (as is more often the case in individ- ualistically motivated forgiveness). Finally, the authors suggest a research agenda to study collectivistic forgiveness and provide guidelines for address- ing forgiveness with collectivistic clients.
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Utsey SO, Hook JN, Fischer N, Belvet B. Cultural orientation, ego resilience, and optimism as predictors of subjective well-being in African Americans. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760801999610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Webb JR, Robinson EAR, Brower KJ, Zucker RA. Forgiveness and Alcohol Problems Among People Entering Substance Abuse Treatment. J Addict Dis 2006; 25:55-67. [PMID: 16956870 DOI: 10.1300/j069v25n03_08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Forgiveness is argued to be highly relevant to problematic substance use, yet supportive empirical evidence is lacking. Findings are presented from a longitudinal study exploring the relationship between religiousness and spirituality (RS) variables and alcohol use disorders. We examined forgiveness of self (ForSelf), of others (ForOthers), and by God (ByGod), hypothesizing positive relationships with RS and negative relationships with alcohol use and consequences, at both baseline (N = 157) and six-month follow-up (N = 126). ForSelf scores were significantly lower than ForOthers and ByGod scores, and ForOthers scores increased modestly over time. ByGod was most consistently associated with other RS variables. ForSelf and ForOthers were associated with alcohol-related variables at both time points, and baseline ForSelf and ForOthers were associated with fewer drinking consequences at follow-up, but not after controlling for other pertinent variables. ForSelf may be most difficult to achieve and thus most important to recovery, thereby preventing full recovery and fostering relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Webb
- East Tennessee State University, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Ingram RE, Snyder CR. Blending the Good With the Bad: Integrating Positive Psychology and Cognitive Psychotherapy. J Cogn Psychother 2006. [DOI: 10.1891/jcop.20.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deficit model in clinical psychology is important, but has missed critical opportunities that have been brought to light by the emergence of positive psychology. By focusing on sources of strength and resilience, positive psychology can add new perspectives to ideas about dysfunctional behavior, and has important implications for the theory and practice of cognitive therapies. This special issue of the Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy reflects the growing recognition of the importance of positive psychology. The articles in this special issue present an array of topics that blend positive psychology with cognitive therapy in ways that are articulate and insightful. Taken together, these articles suggest that the yield of positive psychology and cognitive therapies may well exceed that of either alone.
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Wong YJ. Strength-Centered Therapy: A social constructionist, virtues-based psychotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 43:133-46. [DOI: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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