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Nonterah CW, Utsey SO, Gupta G, Wilkins S, Gardiner HM. A Nominal Group Technique Study of Patients Who Identify as Black or African American and Access to Renal Transplantation. Prog Transplant 2023; 33:141-149. [PMID: 36938608 DOI: 10.1177/15269248231164164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Completion of the renal transplant evaluation has been associated with several barriers for patients who identify as Black or African American. This study sought to prioritize barriers to and motivators of completing the renal transplant evaluation. Methods/Approach: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a nominal group technique were used to generate priority scores. Transplant professionals (N = 23) were recruited from 9 transplant centers in the Mid-Atlantic, Mid-Western, and Southeastern parts of the United States. Black or African American identifying renal patients (N = 30) diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease were recruited from 1 transplant center in the Mid-Atlantic region. Findings: Priority scores were created to assess the quantitative data of participant rankings of top barriers and motivators. The most significant barriers identified by both patients and transplant professionals comprised financial constraints, insurance issues, difficulty navigating the healthcare system, transportation difficulties, and multiple health problems. Facilitators consisted of family/social support, transplant education, patient navigators, comprehensive insurance, and physician repertoire and investment. A qualitative description of the ranked factors resulted in themes classified as intrapersonal, health, socioeconomic, transplant-specific healthcare, and general healthcare. Conclusion: These findings provided vital information to transplant centers nationwide about assessing the influences of renal transplant evaluation completion. Achieving equity in access to transplantation for Black or African American renal patients requires multilayered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla W Nonterah
- Department of Psychology, 6888University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Psychology, 6889Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sawyer Wilkins
- Department of Psychology, 6889Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Heather M Gardiner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Williams KDA, Adkins A, Kuo SIC, LaRose JG, Utsey SO, Guidry JPD, Dick D, Carlyle KE. Mental health disorder symptom prevalence and rates of help-seeking among University-Enrolled, emerging adults. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:61-68. [PMID: 33735596 PMCID: PMC8448792 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1873791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Examine mental health symptom prevalence and rates of campus services utilization among Black male, White male and Black female college students. Participants. 2500 students from an ongoing, student survey at a public university; launched in 2011. Methods. Measures included data for anxiety and depressive symptoms and utilization of campus health services (counseling center, health services, etc.). Descriptive analyses determined prevalence and utilization rates. Mann Whitney U tests compared prevalence. Chi-squared tests compared utilization rates. Results. Anxiety prevalence: greater than 60% of students from each ethnic group reported symptoms; reporting rates decreased significantly for Black men (49.6%); p < 0.001. Depression prevalence: greater than 80% reported symptoms; there were significant differences in reporting between Black men and Black women (72.7% vs. 87.1%, p < 0.001). Utilization: Black men utilized counseling services less than White men (20.4% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.024). Conclusion. Black men report depressive and anxiety symptoms but underutilize campus health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofoworola D. A. Williams
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica G. LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shawn O. Utsey
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeanine P. D. Guidry
- Robertson School of Media and Culture, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kellie E. Carlyle
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Williams KDA, Dougherty SE, Utsey SO, LaRose JG, Carlyle KE. “Could Be Even Worse in College”: Social Factors, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Men on a College Campus. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1165-1177. [PMID: 35428951 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding mental health risks among Black men is a step forward in reducing health and educational disparities that are persistent in today's society. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 20 Black male undergraduate students from a college campus in the Southeast. The aim was to identify and understand the social and contextual factors impacting their risk of experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms. A thematic analysis, theoretically grounded in the social-ecological model (SEM), was conducted, revealing three overarching themes: 1) what is known or felt about mental health 2) causes of stressors and 3) signs as symptoms. Discussions with men offered insight into their perspectives and personal experiences related to mental health issues and perceived risk factors. Themes suggest that the college transition, academic workload, perceived financial distress, and their desire and need to conform to ideals of masculinity were significant risk factors and stressors. Men offered descriptions of specific symptoms and health behaviors associated with such stress, including social isolation, anger, irritability, and changes in their own personal behaviors. Key findings paint a picture of college mental health experiences for some Black male college students. Moving forward, more research is needed to expand on this study's findings and improve mental health risk among this underserved population. Future directions are discussed alongside the results presented in this paper.
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Williams KDA, Adkins AE, Kuo SIC, LaRose JG, Utsey SO, Guidry JPD, Dick D, Carlyle KE. Risk, Protective, and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Campus Health Services Utilization Among Black Men on a College Campus. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:505-518. [PMID: 33686626 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze relationships among social and environmental determinants serving as risk, protective, and important covariate factors for mental health risk and help-seeking among Black men on a college campus. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted utilizing an ongoing, campus-wide survey at a large, urban, public university. Measures included depressive and anxiety symptoms; campus service utilization; risk factors (e.g., financial status); protective factors (social support/religiosity); and additional covariates (substance use/GPA). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine relationships between these factors, symptoms and help-seeking. RESULTS Data is included for 681 students. Findings indicated that stressful life events were associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms (B = 0.39, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (B = 0.33, p = 0.013). Cannabis use (B = 1.14, p = .020) was also associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. We found that financial status (B = 0.21, p = 0.041) was positively associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and endorsement of religiosity was associated with lower levels anxiety (B = - 0.23, p = 0.019) and depressive symptoms (B = - 0.32, p = 0.035). Religiosity predicted lower utilization of campus health services. CONCLUSIONS The key findings indicated that Black men's mental health is negatively influenced by stressful live events and cannabis use. As religiosity was associated with lower levels of symptoms and utilization, it may be beneficial to assess this in future work. Further research is needed to address and improve mental health and help-seeking among these men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofoworola D A Williams
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica G LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shawn O Utsey
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeanine P D Guidry
- Robertson School of Media and Culture, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kellie E Carlyle
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Utsey SO. Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS)—Brief Version. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.1999.12068981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn O. Utsey
- Shawn O. Utsey is an assistant professor in the Department of Professional Psychology and Family Therapy, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
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Abstract
Mental illness is a culturally laden phenomenon, and different cultures have unique ways of constructing mental illness. In this study, conceptions of mental illness were explored among 30 participants of Akan descent in Ghana through individual and group interviews. Participants demonstrated a wide range of knowledge on mental illness indicating that poor self-care, deficits in social functioning, and disordered behaviors are the cardinal features of mental illness. The data revealed that Akan cultural beliefs influenced notions of etiology of mental illness and care of the mentally ill. While participants recognized the role of multiple factors such as genetics, substance abuse, daily hassles (for example, concerns about basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter), and trauma in the cause of mental illness, the predominant belief was that mental illness is a retributive and/or a spiritual illness. This belief encourages pluralistic health-seeking behaviors: use of hospitals, prayer camps, herbalists, and traditional healers. The implications of these findings for public health education on mental illness, and clinical training and practice are discussed.
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Utsey SO, Bolden MA, Williams O, Lee A, Lanier Y, Newsome C. Spiritual Well-Being as a Mediator of the Relation between Culture-Specific Coping and Quality of Life in a Community Sample of African Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022106297296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the antecedent factors affecting the quality of life of African Americans. A theoretical model is proposed that identifies the effects of culture-specific coping and spiritual well-being as predictors of quality of life. A sample of 281 African Americans was administered a battery of questionnaires that examined the constructs of interest. The theoretical model was tested within a structural equation—modeling framework to identify both direct and indirect effects. Results indicate overall model fit, with both culture-specific coping and spiritual well-being as significant predictors of quality of life. Spiritual well-being partially mediated the effects of culture-specific coping on quality of life. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's findings in relation to quality of life issues for African Americans.
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Utsey SO, Bolden MA, Lanier Y, Williams O. Examining the Role of Culture-Specific Coping as a Predictor of Resilient Outcomes in African Americans From High-Risk Urban Communities. Journal of Black Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798406295094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined the role of culture-specific coping in relation to resilient outcomes in African Americans from high-risk urban communities. Participants (N = 385) were administered a survey questionnaire packet containing measures of culture-specific coping, traditional resilience factors (cognitive ability, social support, and familial factors), and resilient outcomes (physical, psychological, social, and environmental quality of life). Structural equation modeling was used to test the degree to which culture-specific coping would uniquely contribute to the prediction of quality of life above and beyond traditional predictive factors of resilience. Findings indicated that spiritual and collective coping were statistically significant predictors of quality of life outcomes above and beyond the traditional predictive factors. Overall, the findings indicated that both traditional and cultural factors were predictors of resilient outcomes (i.e., positive quality of life indicators) for African Americans.
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Abstract
This article reviewed six instruments developed to assess the psychological processes associated with the experience of racism among African Americans. Although the instruments reviewed in this article are relatively new and have not undergone any extensive psychometric scrutiny, all of them contribute to providing the psychological technology necessary to assess the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral consequences of racial discrimination amongAfricanAmericans. The Racism Reaction Scale (RRS), Perceived Racism Scale (PRS), Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS), Racism and Life Experience Scale-Brief Version (RaLES-B), Schedule of Racist Events (SRE), and the Perceptions of Racism Scale (PoRS) were all reviewed with regard to their initial development, psychometric properties, and practical use. Recommendations for modifications, revisions, and additional reliability and validity evidence are presentedfor each measure.
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Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory (ACSI). The ACSI is a 30-item measure of the culture-specific coping strategies used by African Americans in stressful situations and is grounded in an African-centered conceptual framework. Findings from a principal components factor analysis conducted with a sample of African American adults (N = 180) supported a four-factor model as best representing the culture-specific coping behaviors of the group. A content review of the factors suggested the following dimensions of coping behaviors: cognitive/emotional debriefing, spiritual-centered coping, collective coping, and ritual-centered coping. Using a separate sample of African Americans (N = 220), the ACSI was subjected to a confirmatory factor analytic procedure to establish whether the four-dimension model of coping adequately fit the data. This procedure indicated that the four-factor oblique model was the best fit. The ACSI also demonstrated adequate internal consistency and concurrent validity. The authors discuss limitations of the study and implications for future research.
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Abstract
This study examined the reactions of White counselor trainees to hypothetical, provocative, cross-racial counseling and supervision dyads. It employed a qualitative methodology of inquiry to explore the underlying dynamics associated with cross-racial counseling and supervision dyads. Working with a sample of 8 White male and female counselor trainees, a focus group interview was conducted using vignettes that depicted racial issues in counseling and supervision situations. The focus group interview was transcribed, and themes and categories that captured the complexity of the trainees’ reactions to racially charged situations in counseling and supervision were identified. The implications of the study’s findings are discussed and direction is offered for future research in this area.
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Utsey SO, Hammar L, Gernat CA. Examining the Reactions of White, Black, and Latino/a Counseling Psychologists to a Study of Racial Issues in Counseling and Supervision Dyads. The Counseling Psychologist 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000005276493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hook JN, Farrell JE, Davis DE, DeBlaere C, Van Tongeren DR, Utsey SO. Cultural humility and racial microaggressions in counseling. J Couns Psychol 2016; 63:269-277. [DOI: 10.1037/cou0000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pieterse AL, Utsey SO, Miller MJ. Development and initial validation of the anti-racism behavioral inventory (ARBI). Counselling Psychology Quarterly 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2015.1101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ajibade A, Hook JN, Utsey SO, Davis DE, Van Tongeren DR. Racial/Ethnic Identity, Religious Commitment, and Well-Being in African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798414568115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the study of positive psychology has flourished in recent years, most research has focused on White samples. There is, however, a growing body of research examining cultural factors that may contribute to the psychological health and well-being of African Americans. The present study examined the associations between racial/ethnic identity, religious commitment, satisfaction with life, and meaning in a sample of African Americans ( N = 199). Racial/ethnic identity was positively associated with satisfaction with life and meaning, and these associations were partially mediated by high religious commitment. We conclude by discussing implications for the findings and areas for future research.
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Utsey SO, Abrams JA, Opare-Henaku A, Bolden MA, Williams O. Assessing the Psychological Consequences of Internalized Colonialism on the Psychological Well-Being of Young Adults in Ghana. Journal of Black Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798414537935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of a revised version of the Colonial Mentality Scale in a sample Ghanaian young adults (CMS-G; N = 431). In addition, the degree to which mental health and self- and group-concept was effected by internalized notions of colonial mentality was assessed. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the underlying factor structure of the CMS-G. The findings indicated that the CMS-G produced a four-factor orthogonal model as best representing the construct of colonial mentality among Ghanaian young adults. CMS-G scores correlated in the anticipated direction with self-esteem, collective self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Additional analyses indicated that Ghanaian young adults endorsed colonial mentality items associated with physical characteristics and colonial debt with a higher frequency than other CMS-G items. Men endorsed colonial debt items statistically significantly more than women. Implications for the study’s findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.
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Cole NN, Nonterah CW, Utsey SO, Hook JN, Hubbard RR, Opare-Henaku A, Fischer NL. Predictor and Moderator Effects of Ego Resilience and Mindfulness on the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Psychological Well-Being in a Sample of Ghanaian College Students. Journal of Black Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798414537939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the predictor and moderator effects of ego resilience and mindfulness on the relationship between academic stress and psychological well-being in a sample of Ghanaian college students ( N = 431). The results indicated that academic stress was positively associated with both anxiety and depression and that mindfulness and ego resilience were both negatively associated with anxiety and depression. Mindfulness buffered the positive relationship between academic stress and depression but not anxiety. In contrast, ego resilience buffered the positive relationship between academic stress and anxiety but not depression. Implications for the study’s findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.
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Utsey SO, Abrams JA, Hess DW, McKinley W. Heart Rate Variability as a Correlate of Trauma Symptom Expression, Psychological Well-Being, and Emotion Regulation in African Americans With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Black Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798414532186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between heart rate variability, trauma symptom expression, and psychological distress in a sample ( N = 28) of African Americans with traumatic spinal cord injury. Participants’ heart rate (R-R interval) was recorded at baseline, during a mental arithmetic task, and then again at recovery. Heart rate variability was indexed as the root mean square of successive difference (rMSSD) of participants’ R-R interval. Following this procedure, participants were administered a battery of surveys to assess levels of trauma and psychological distress. Findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between heart rate variability, trauma symptoms, and psychological distress. Implications of the study’s findings are discussed in the context of future research and clinical interventions.
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Lydecker JA, Hubbard RR, Tully CB, Utsey SO, Mazzeo SE. White public regard: associations among eating disorder symptomatology, guilt, and White guilt in young adult women. Eat Behav 2014; 15:76-82. [PMID: 24411755 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a novel investigation of the role of White racial identity, the current study explored the link between White guilt and disordered eating. PARTICIPANTS Young adult women (N=375), 200 of whom self-identified as White. METHODS Measures assessed disordered eating, trait guilt, White guilt, and affect. RESULTS White guilt is interrelated with disordered eating, particularly bulimic symptomatology. Distress tolerance and tendency to experience negative affect moderated the relation between White guilt and several disordered eating variables. CONCLUSIONS Exploration of White guilt in clinical and research settings can inform understanding and treatment of disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Lydecker
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Rebecca R Hubbard
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Carrie B Tully
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Suzanne E Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, United States
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Abstract
Building on recent theory stressing multicultural orientation, as well as the development of virtues and dispositions associated with multicultural values, we introduce the construct of cultural humility, defined as having an interpersonal stance that is other-oriented rather than self-focused, characterized by respect and lack of superiority toward an individual's cultural background and experience. In 4 studies, we provide evidence for the estimated reliability and construct validity of a client-rated measure of a therapist's cultural humility, and we demonstrate that client perceptions of their therapist's cultural humility are positively associated with developing a strong working alliance. Furthermore, client perceptions of their therapist's cultural humility were positively associated with improvement in therapy, and this relationship was mediated by a strong working alliance. We consider implications for research, practice, and training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don E Davis
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University of Louisville
| | | | - Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Utsey SO, Belvet B, Hubbard RR, Fischer NL, Opare-Henaku A, Gladney LL. Development and Validation of the Prolonged Activation and Anticipatory Race-Related Stress Scale. Journal of Black Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798412461808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes two separate studies that were conducted to develop and validate a measure of the prolonged stress activation and anticipatory race-related stress response in African American adults (Prolonged Activation and Anticipatory Race-Related Stress Scale [PARS]). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analytic procedure ( N = 292) resulted in a17-item measure with four underlying factors: (a) Perseverative Cognition, (b) Secondary Appraisal, (c) Anticipatory Race-Related Stress Scale–Psychological, and (d) Anticipatory Race-Related Stress Scale–Physiological. In Study 2 ( N = 227), a confirmatory factor analytic procedure was conducted to evaluate and compare the underlying factor structure for several competing models of the PARS. This procedure supported a four-factor oblique solution as having the best fit to the data. Study 2 also provided evidence for the convergent validity of the PARS in that its factor scores correlated, in the anticipated direction, with scores on measures of related constructs.
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Hook JN, Worthington EL, Utsey SO, Davis DE, Gartner AL, Jennings DJ, Van Tongeren DR, Dueck A. Does forgiveness require interpersonal interactions? Individual differences in conceptualization of forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Utsey SO, McCarthy E, Eubanks R, Adrian G. White Racism and Suboptimal Psychological Functioning Among White Americans: Implications for Counseling and Prejudice Prevention. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2002.tb00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Utsey SO, Gernat CA. White Racial Identity Attitudes and the Ego Defense Mechanisms Used by White Counselor Trainees in Racially Provocative Counseling Situations. Journal of Counseling & Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Utsey SO, Ponterotto JG, Reynolds AL, Cancelli AA. Racial Discrimination, Coping, Life Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem Among African Americans. Journal of Counseling & Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Utsey SO, Ponterotto JG, Porter JS. Prejudice and Racism, Year 2008-Still Going Strong: Research on Reducing Prejudice With Recommended Methodological Advances. Journal of Counseling & Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Existing models of forgiveness and the strategies to promote forgiveness that draw from them are predominantly individualistic. As the United States becomes more diverse and counseling psychology becomes a more global field, counseling psychologists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have a collectivistic worldview. The authors propose a theoretical model that clarifies the relationship between collectivism and forgiveness. The importance of maintaining social harmony in collectivistic cultures is central to this relationship. The model has two propositions. First, collectivistic for- giveness occurs within the broad context of social harmony, reconciliation, and relational repair. Second, collectivistic forgiveness is understood as pri- marily a decision to forgive but is motivated largely to promote and maintain group harmony rather than inner peace (as is more often the case in individ- ualistically motivated forgiveness). Finally, the authors suggest a research agenda to study collectivistic forgiveness and provide guidelines for address- ing forgiveness with collectivistic clients.
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Utsey SO, Hook JN, Fischer N, Belvet B. Cultural orientation, ego resilience, and optimism as predictors of subjective well-being in African Americans. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760801999610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Utsey SO, Constantine MG. Mediating and Moderating Effects of Racism-Related Stress on the Relation Between Poverty-Related Risk Factors and Subjective Well-Being in a Community Sample of African Americans. Journal of Loss and Trauma 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15325020701769204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Utsey SO, Giesbrecht N, Hook J, Stanard PM. Cultural, sociofamilial, and psychological resources that inhibit psychological distress in African Americans exposed to stressful life events and race-related stress. J Couns Psychol 2008. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Matsuyama RK, Grange C, Lyckholm LJ, Utsey SO, Smith TJ. Cultural perceptions in cancer care among African-American and Caucasian patients. J Natl Med Assoc 2007; 99:1113-1118. [PMID: 17987914 PMCID: PMC2574396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This exploratory study examined perceptions and beliefs of African Americans and Caucasians related to cancer care. Understanding belief systems and cultures optimizes cancer treatment and care delivery to ethnic minority individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS Focus groups were conducted with 39 African-American and Caucasian cancer patients. Data analysis included whole group analysis with a team of five researchers. RESULTS Regardless of ethnicity, cancer patients share many of the same emotions and experiences, and want complete information and quality care. Differences were also apparent. African-American participants were more likely to report increased religious behaviors, believe that healthcare providers demonstrate care with simple actions and provision of practical assistance, and use church and community information sources. Caucasian participants were more likely to report spiritual but not overtly religious changes, and depend on healthcare providers for information. CONCLUSION Understanding how culture colors perceptions, communication and information requirements is critical to providing effective care to ethnically diverse cancer patients. Findings have implications for professionals understanding ways patients seek information, the role of spirituality and religion in care, and ways healthcare providers demonstrate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Matsuyama
- Social and Behavioral Health, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0149, USA.
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Utsey SO, Hook JN. Heart rate variability as a physiological moderator of the relationship between race-related stress and psychological distress in African Americans. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2007; 13:250-253. [PMID: 17638482 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.13.3.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the moderator effects of heart rate variability, a physiological marker of stress vulnerability, on the relationship between race-related stress and psychological distress in African Americans (N = 215). Participants were administered the Index of Race-Related Stress-Brief and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18. Resting heart rate was recorded using the Polar 810s heart rate monitor. Findings indicated that heart rate variability moderated the relationship between institutional race-related stress and psychological distress for men, but not women. These findings suggest that higher levels of resting heart rate variability may buffer African Americans from the deleterious effects of race-related stress.
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Utsey SO, Hook JN, Stanard P. A re-examination of cultural factors that mitigate risk and promote resilience in relation to African American suicide: a review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Death Stud 2007; 31:399-416. [PMID: 17554836 DOI: 10.1080/07481180701244553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Suicide among African Americans has been acknowledged by the U.S. Surgeon General as a growing crisis. However, suicide remains understudied in this population. In this article, the authors examine the literature related to cultural protective factors that buffer African Americans from suicide risk. They present an overview of suicide among African Americans, review the culture and world-view of African Americans, and examine the degree to which these cultural variables protect against suicide risk. Finally, they discuss the limitations of the extant research on African American suicide, set an agenda for future research, and discuss its implications for clinical practice and public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 800 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Abstract
Research points toward multiple pathways (i.e., psychosocial domains) through which religiosity influences substance use behaviors. This study examined whether refusal efficacy mediated the relationship between religiosity and substance use in African-American adolescents and young adults. Four hundred thirty-five urban and rural African-Americans, aged between 12 and 25, completed measures of private and public religiosity, refusal efficacy, and substance use (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use). Tests for mediation were computed with private and public religiosity as independent variables, drug refusal efficacy as mediator, and substance use as the criterion. Results show that drug refusal efficacy mediated the relationship between private religiosity and tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drug use, but not for alcohol use. Refusal efficacy also mediated the relationship between public religiosity and alcohol use, but not for other licit and illicit substances. The findings provide support for the unique impact of public religiosity when considering its role in preventive intervention. Future research should consider examining other psychosocial domains which may mediate the effect of religiosity on substance use behaviors among African-American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashir Nasim
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, MSC 7401, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
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Utsey SO, Constantine MG. A confirmatory test of the underlying factor structure of scores on the collective self-esteem scale in two independent samples of Black Americans. J Pers Assess 2006; 86:172-9. [PMID: 16599791 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8602_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the factor structure of the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES; Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) across 2 separate samples of Black Americans. The CSES was administered to a sample of Black American adolescents (n = 538) and a community sample of Black American adults (n = 313). Results of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), however, did not support the original 4-factor model identified by Luhtanen and Crocker (1992) as providing an adequate fit to the data for these samples. Furthermore, an exploratory CFA procedure failed to find a CSES factor structure that could be replicated across the 2 samples of Black Americans. We present and discuss implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 West Franklin Street #105, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Nasim A, Corona R, Belgrave F, Utsey SO, Fallah N. Cultural Orientation as a Protective Factor Against Tobacco and Marijuana Smoking for African American Young Women. J Youth Adolesc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-006-9097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Utsey SO, Lanier Y, Williams O, Bolden M, Lee A. Moderator effects of cognitive ability and social support on the relation between race-related stress and quality of life in a community sample of black Americans. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2006; 12:334-46. [PMID: 16719581 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the combined moderating effects of cognitive ability and social support on the relation between race-related stress and quality of life in a sample of Black Americans. Participants (N = 323) were administered the Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT; E. F. Wonderlic Associates, Inc., 1983), the Multidimensional Social Support Scale (MDSS; Winefield, Winefield, & Tiggemann, 1992), the Index of Race-Related Stress-Brief (Utsey, 1999), and the WHOQOL-BREF (The WHO Group, 1998). The findings indicated that cognitive ability and social support, conjointly, moderated the relation between individual and cultural race-related stress and quality of life for Black Americans in the current sample. The paper concludes by discussing the study's findings, limitations, and by offering recommendations for future research related to this area of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Abstract
Given that researchers have found increased risk for suicidality and other psychiatric problems among acculturated individuals, we predicted similar results for African-descended people living in the U.S. We surveyed a community sample of 423 adult men and women of African descent to determine acculturation's relationship to Black suicide. Participants completed the African American Acculturation Scale, the Multi-Dimensional Support Scale, and a subscale of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempt were defined as a "yes" response to the questions, "have you ever considered taking your own life?" and "have you ever attempted to take your own life?" We found that religious well-being (not acculturation) was predictive of both suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheeda L Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Constantine MG, Anderson GM, Berkel LA, Caldwell LD, Utsey SO. Examining the Cultural Adjustment Experiences of African International College Students: A Qualitative Analysis. J Couns Psychol 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.52.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
This article presents a culturally congruent approach to working with African American male adolescents in foster care. The therapeutic mentoring group was developed based on principles derived from a West African social and cultural worldview. We use a case study approach to describe the model's implementation and demonstrate its clinical utility with an urban population of African American male adolescents.The therapeutic mentoring group effectively reduced the episodes of maladaptive behaviors displayed by the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn O. Utsey
- Counseling Psychology Program, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Alexis Howard
- Harlem Dowling West Side Center for Children and Families, New York, NY
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Constantine MG, Okazaki S, Utsey SO. Self-concealment, social self-efficacy, acculturative stress, and depression in African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2004; 74:230-241. [PMID: 15291700 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.74.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this exploratory investigation was to examine self-concealment behaviors and social self-efficacy skills as potential mediators in the relationship between acculturative stress and depression in a sample of 320 African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. The authors found several differences by demography with regard to the study's variables. After controlling for regional group membership, sex, and English language fluency, they found that self-concealment and social self-efficacy did not serve as mediators in the relationship between African, Asian, and Latin American international students' acculturative stress experiences and depressive symptomatology. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna G Constantine
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University
| | - Sumie Okazaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Human Development and Psychoeducational Studies, Howard University
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Utsey SO, Chae MH, Brown CF, Kelly D. Effect of ethnic group membership on ethnic identity, race-related stress, and quality of life. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2002; 8:366-377. [PMID: 12416322 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.8.4.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of ethnic group membership on ethnic identity, race-related stress, and quality of life (QOL). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the Index of Race Related Stress--Brief Version, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life--Brief Version were administered to 160 male and female participants from 3 ethnic groups (African American, Asian American, and Latino American). Results indicated that African American participants had significantly higher race-related stress, ethnic identity, and psychological QOL scores than did Asian and Latino American participants. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that ethnic identity and cultural racism were significant predictors of QOL and accounted for 16% of the total variance for the entire sample.
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Utsey SO, Payne YA, Jackson ES, Jones AM. Race-related stress, quality of life indicators, and life satisfaction among elderly African Americans. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2002; 8:224-33. [PMID: 12143100 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.8.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article examined the relationships among race-related stress, quality of life indicators, and life satisfaction among elderly African Americans. A sample of 127 elderly African Americans, consisting of 87 women and 26 men (and 14 missing values), were administered the Index of Race-Related Stress, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Results indicated that elderly African American men and women differed significantly with regard to institutional and collective racism-related stress. In addition, the authors found that institutional racism-related stress was a significant predictor of psychological health in this sample of elderly African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn O Utsey
- Department of Human Development and Psychoeducational Studies, Howard University, 2441 Fourth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Abstract
This article addresses the vocational difficulties associated with sickle cell anemia by suggesting viable approaches to the rehabilitation planning and counseling process. Consideration is given to the medical, psychosocial, vocational, and cultural ramifications of the disease. Rehabilitation Counselors must address the issues that are uniquely associated with sickle cell anemia.
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