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Liu L, Dakkalirad A, Dehghan M, Shahnavazi A, Maazallahi M, Li M, Kordi M, Farahmandnia H, Zakeri MA. Anxiety, self-efficacy, and their determinants in school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey in Southeastern Iran. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:737. [PMID: 37817153 PMCID: PMC10566130 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to various psychological disorders, including anxiety, particularly among the general public. It is crucial to monitor the mental health of school students, who are considered a vulnerable group in society, and assess their self-efficacy, as it can significantly affect their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the levels of anxiety and self-efficacy among school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized convenience sampling to examine a sample of 335 school students from Sistan and Baluchestan province in southeastern Iran. An online questionnaire, distributed through social media platforms, was used to collect data. The questionnaire included demographic information, COVID-19 related items, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-MASC, and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children-SEQ-C. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 24, with a significance level set at < 0.05. RESULTS The study revealed a significant negative correlation between children's anxiety and self-efficacy (r = -0.23, P < 0.001). Several factors were identified as predictors of anxiety, including low self-efficacy (β = -0.29, P < 0.001), female gender (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), concern about family members contracting COVID-19 (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), persistent advice of others to adopt preventive measures (β = 0.14, P < 0.005), level of education (β = -0.12, P < 0.017), and perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (β = -0.11, P < 0.030). These variables collectively accounted for 17% of the variance in anxiety. CONCLUSION The findings of the study highlight the importance of addressing the mental health of school students, specifically their anxiety levels, during epidemics. The results also indicate that enhancing self-efficacy among students during a pandemic could be a beneficial strategy for promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Jiaozuo Normal College, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, China
| | - Abdollah Dakkalirad
- Tropical and communicable Disease Research Center, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
- The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Allahyar Shahnavazi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Science, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Maazallahi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Min Li
- Department of Foreign Language and Economics, Jiaozuo Normal College, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, China
| | - Mehri Kordi
- Nursing office, Iranshahr University of medical, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zakeri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Chandna S, Sharma P, Moosath H. The Mindful Self: Exploring Mindfulness in Relation with Self-esteem and Self-efficacy in Indian Population. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022; 67:261-272. [PMID: 35125522 PMCID: PMC8808471 DOI: 10.1007/s12646-021-00636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate and compare the relationship of mindfulness with self-efficacy and self-esteem. The study has also investigated the difference in mindfulness levels across five dimensions: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experiences and non-reactivity to inner experience between males and females and between young adults and middle-aged adults who belong to the Indian population. There was a total of 146 participants (F = 80, M = 66), 84 in the young adult group (20–40 years) and 62 participants in the middle adult group (41–65 years). Pearson correlation showed statistically significant (p < 0.01) moderate positive correlation between all the five dimensions of mindfulness and self-esteem; while self-efficacy had significant (p < 0.01) moderate positive correlation with all the dimensions of mindfulness except for non-judging of inner experiences. Multiple linear regression (MLR) with self-esteem as outcome variable showed model fitness of 51% (p < 0.01) with acting with awareness, non-reactivity to inner experience, non-judging of inner experiences and describing as predictive variables. With self-efficacy as outcome variable, MLR showed model fitness of 40% (p < 0.01) with non-reactivity to inner experiences, acting with awareness, observing and describing as predicting variables. Females were found to be significantly higher in acting with awareness and observing dimensions of mindfulness compared to males. Middle adults were found to be significantly higher only in the non-judging of inner experiences dimension as compared to early adults. Importance of mindfulness in improving self-concept has been established in western world. The present study, by exploring the relationship between mindfulness and self-variables in Indian population, highlights the probable positive outcomes of mindfulness enhancing techniques on self-esteem and self-efficacy of individuals, and therefore on the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chandna
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Pratiksha Sharma
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Harishankar Moosath
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, India
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Hosseinzadeh Z, Sayadi M, Orazani N. The Mediating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Early Maladaptive Schemas among University Students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Basma D, Chen S. Global students' counselling self‐efficacy and experiences of a United States‐based counselling training programme. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Basma
- Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Szu‐Yu Chen
- Department of Counseling Palo Alto University Palo Alto California USA
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An Exploratory Study of a 3-Minute Mindfulness Intervention on Compassion Fatigue in Nurses. Holist Nurs Pract 2021; 34:274-281. [PMID: 33953010 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that breathing mindfully for 3 minutes over a period of 4 weeks, positively affects compassion fatigue in nurses. A nonrandomized, pre/postintervention study was conducted using a 3-minute attentional breathing intervention. Thirty-two nurses participated over 4 weeks. The intervention demonstrated statistically significant reductions in compassion fatigue measures.
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Chan SHW, Yu CKC, Li AWO. Impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on counseling self-efficacy: A randomized controlled crossover trial. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:360-368. [PMID: 32798079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of a structured eight-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program on counseling self-efficacy among counseling trainees. METHODS Undergraduate counseling trainees were randomized to an MBCT group (n = 25) or a waitlist control group (n = 25) with a crossover trial design. Psychological measurements regarding mindfulness, empathy, self-compassion, psychological distress, counseling self-efficacy as well as neuro-physiological measures including frontal midline theta activity, respiration rate, and skin conductance were taken at baseline (T1), after intervention (T2), and six-month follow-up (T3). RESULTS Mindfulness training could make significant positive changes in empathy, self-compassion, stress reduction, and counseling self-efficacy with this being backed up by both psychological and neuro-physiological evidence at T2. However, such differences between the two groups had greatly subsided after crossover in which carry-over effect and marked improvement were noted in the study and control group, respectively, at T3. In addition, mindfulness was the most significant determinant that contributed to counseling self-efficacy, followed by psychological distress reduction and self-compassion according to the regression models. CONCLUSION Integrating mindfulness into counseling training is beneficial for helping profession trainees. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Incorporating mindfulness into counseling training can enhance the necessary "being mode" qualities in counseling and address self-care issues during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H W Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Calvin Kai-Ching Yu
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
| | - Alex W O Li
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
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Zhang L, Ren Z, Jiang G, Hazer-Rau D, Zhao C, Shi C, Lai L, Yan Y. Self-Oriented Empathy and Compassion Fatigue: The Serial Mediation of Dispositional Mindfulness and Counselor's Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol 2021; 11:613908. [PMID: 33488483 PMCID: PMC7820531 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between self-oriented empathy and compassion fatigue, and examine the potential mediating roles of dispositional mindfulness and the counselor's self-efficacy. A total of 712 hotline psychological counselors were recruited from the Mental Health Service Platform at Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019, then were asked to complete the questionnaires measuring self-oriented empathy, compassion fatigue, dispositional mindfulness, and counselor's self-efficacy. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the possible associations and explore potential mediations. In addition to reporting confidence intervals (CI), we employed a new method named model-based constrained optimization procedure to test hypotheses of indirect effects. Results showed that self-oriented empathy was positively associated with compassion fatigue. Dispositional mindfulness and counselor's self-efficacy independently and serially mediated the associations between self-oriented empathy and compassion fatigue. The findings of this study confirmed and complemented the etiological and the multi-factor model of compassion fatigue. Moreover, the results indicate that it is useful and necessary to add some training for increasing counselor's self-efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions in order to decrease compassion fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangrong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dilana Hazer-Rau
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congrong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Pakenham KI, Viskovich S. Pilot evaluation of the impacts of a personal practice informed undergraduate psychotherapy curriculum on student learning and wellbeing. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Busby DM, Driggs SM, Johnson HM, Saxey MT. Associations of mindfulness with adolescent outcomes and sexuality. J Adolesc 2020; 81:73-86. [PMID: 32387815 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using an online survey, we evaluated how adolescent trait and state mindfulness was associated with positive adolescent outcomes in non-sexually active and sexually active adolescents. Additionally, we evaluated a newly developed measure, the Sexual Mindfulness Measure (SMM), with adolescents. METHODS We asked 2000 U.S. adolescents (half boys/girls; 1/3 low, medium, and high incomes) aged 13-18 (one group 13-15, another 16-18) about trait mindfulness, sexual state mindfulness, and adolescent outcomes. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structured equation modeling, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the SMM and its associations with adolescent outcomes. RESULTS Using a trait mindfulness measure, we found that mindful adolescents with no sexual experience, showed positive associations with self-efficacy, body-esteem, and disclosure with both fathers and mothers. Evaluating adolescents who were sexually active, we confirmed that the SMM had a two-factor structure and demonstrated acceptable reliability for both male and female adolescents. We found that the SMM was associated with positive sexual attitudes, body image, self-efficacy, and disclosure to parents above and beyond trait mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS Trait mindfulness was associated with positive self-assessments and parental disclosure. The SMM provided an important assessment of how sexually active adolescents' ability to remain aware and non-judgmental during sexual experiences may be positively associated with outcomes such as sexual consent, positive body image, self-efficacy, disclosure to parents, and negatively associated with sexual shame and sexual anxiety above and beyond trait mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B Allsop
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, USA
| | - Dean M Busby
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, USA
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Lannin DG, Guyll M, Cornish MA, Vogel DL, Madon S. The Importance of Counseling Self-efficacy: Physiologic Stress in Student Helpers. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2018.1424598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Guyll
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Butts CM, Gutierrez D. Dispositional Mindfulness and Personal Distress as Predictors of Counseling Self-Efficacy. COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceas.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Missy Butts
- Department of Counseling, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, College of William & Mary
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12
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Ender Z, Saricali M, Satici SA, Eraslan-Capan B. Is mindful awareness effective on hope, burnout and self-efficacy among school counsellors in Turkey? BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2018.1458072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyde Ender
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Saricali
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Bahtiyar Eraslan-Capan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Prikhidko
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education; University of Florida
| | - Jacqueline M. Swank
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education; University of Florida
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Goldberg SB. Why mindfulness belongs in counseling psychology: A synergistic clinical and research agenda. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2017.1314250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon B. Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Vance S, Campbell A, Dong S. Examining Impacts of Mindfulness in Requesting Job Accommodations for Individuals With Disabilities. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355216683673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness and the request for job accommodations among individuals with disabilities. One hundred fifty individuals with disabilities who needed a job accommodation completed a survey assessing the cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors involved with requesting job accommodations. Pearson correlations were calculated between scales and subscales measuring mindfulness, positive affect, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intentions to request accommodations. The results showed significant correlations between mindfulness and all other scales. In addition, multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors on an individual’s intention and decision to request or withhold a request for an accommodation. Mindfulness was not found significant in predicting the intention to request accommodations; however, positive affect, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations accounted for 35% of the variance in intention to request. The interaction between mindfulness and intention to request, along with self-efficacy, was found significant in predicting request behavior. Mindfulness and the interaction between mindfulness and intention to request contributed an additional 8% of the variance in requesting behavior. The results of this study indicate the need for more research into the relationship of mindfulness and the decision to request accommodations.
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