Bordin IA, Handegård BH, Paula CS. Professional and informal help-seeking among low-income adolescents exposed to violence in the community and at school.
CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022;
123:105382. [PMID:
34763186 DOI:
10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105382]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Adolescents may seek help for many reasons beyond health needs, such as personal stress due to violence exposure.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate factors associated with receiving professional assistance and informal help due to violence exposure in the community and at school.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
This study was conducted in Itaboraí, a low-income medium-size city in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, characterized by poverty, inequality and violence. It analyses data reported by 669 in-school adolescents (11-15-years, 51.7% girls).
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study nested in a longitudinal study (Itaboraí Youth Study). The Itaboraí Youth Study involved a probabilistic community-based sample of 1409 6-to-15-year-olds based on a 3-stage probabilistic sampling plan that included a random selection of census units, eligible households and the target child.
RESULTS
Professional assistance was mainly received from psychologists (the Brazilian population has free access to health services). Family members were the main source of informal help. Correlates of professional assistance were having clinical emotional problems and not counting on an adult (if needing help) for community violence victims, and absent father for community and school violence victims. Correlates of informal help were female sex, maternal anxiety/depression and absent father for community violence victims, and younger age and higher maternal education for school violence victims.
CONCLUSIONS
The mental health needs of violence victims, and maternal difficulties to deal with the adolescent distress resulting from violence exposure (maternal increased burden due to father absence and/or having anxiety/depression) are important influences on the help-seeking process.
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