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Nasr R, Rahman AA, Haddad C, Nasr N, Karam J, Hayek J, Ismael I, Swaidan E, Salameh P, Alami N. The impact of financial stress on student wellbeing in Lebanese higher education. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1809. [PMID: 38971735 PMCID: PMC11227159 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The financial crisis has indirectly affected Lebanese university students, leading to economic distress. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the substantial negative impact of financial stress on the mental health and well-being of Lebanese college students. METHODS A quantitative research approach was applied and took place from June 13th to July 25th, 2023, targeting 1272 university students aged 17 and above from private and public universities across Lebanon through convenience sampling. The InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being scale (IFDFW), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beirut Distress Scale (BDS-10), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Well-Being Index (WHO-5) were used to assess the students' well-being. Descriptive analyses of the data was performed using SPSS software version 25. RESULTS 1272 university students participated in this study, mostly females, with a mean age of 21.64 (± 4.43) years. Participants reported a lack of financial independence, unemployment, and no income. Positive associations were obtained between the BDS total scale as well as the PSS total and PSQI scores, while there was a significant negative relationship between IFDFW and PSQI scores. Those with a higher GPA, majoring in science/health and medicine, living in rural areas, and graduate students were linked to lower PSQI and BDS-10 scores. Financial aid and financial independence were associated with lower PSQI and BDS-10 scores. PSS-10 scores were higher among students majoring in science/health and medicine. Higher scores on the IFDFW scale correlated with lower BDS-10 and PSS-10 scores. In contrast, females had higher BDS-10 and PSS-10 scores. Scoring higher on the PSS-10 and PSQI scales, living off campus, or majoring in science/health and medicine, were associated with higher on the WHO-5 scale. CONCLUSIONS A significant impact of financial stress on college students in Lebanon was obtained, affecting their well-being and mental health aspects. Marital status, gender, academic major, region of living, and financial independence also influences students' experiences. Tailored support and further research are needed to address these multifaceted challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Nasr
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour, Lebanon
- Center of Excellence in Research, Education, and Cultural Studies (CEREC), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Liberal Education, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abir Abdel Rahman
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Nada Nasr
- Center of Excellence in Research, Education, and Cultural Studies (CEREC), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education and Social Work, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour, Lebanon
| | - Joanne Karam
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jessy Hayek
- Faculty of Nursing & Health Sciences, Notre Dame University Louaize, American University of Beirut (AUB), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Ismael
- Center of Excellence in Research, Education, and Cultural Studies (CEREC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eman Swaidan
- Center of Excellence in Research, Education, and Cultural Studies (CEREC), Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, 2417, Cyprus.
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.
| | - Nael Alami
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour, Lebanon
- Center of Excellence in Research, Education, and Cultural Studies (CEREC), Beirut, Lebanon
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Mulligan EP, Pabian PS, Dickson T. Socioeconomic Influence on Physical Therapist Student Financial Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Stress, and Anxiety. JOURNAL, PHYSICAL THERAPY EDUCATION 2024:00001416-990000000-00111. [PMID: 38814573 DOI: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students have considerable educational debt upon graduation with suspected low levels of financial literacy, limited financial self-efficacy, and elevated stress and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between financial knowledge, financial anxiety, financial stress, and financial self-efficacy with socioeconomic determinants in DPT students. SUBJECTS Five hundred seventy-eight DPT students, surveyed through a cross-sectional sample of convenience. METHODS Participants responded to a 40-item demographic questionnaire providing a self-assessment of their current financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, financial anxiety, financial stress, and level of general social support. Pairwise correlations were used to determine the relationship between independent variables and composite scores on self-assessment tools. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict financial knowledge, self-efficacy, anxiety, stress, and social support by socioeconomic indicators and educational debt status. RESULTS While there was a moderate, positive association between presence of debt and financial self-efficacy and financial anxiety for all students (r = .55), there was no statistically significant difference in financial knowledge, self-efficacy, anxiety, stress, or social support for students based on race/ethnicity. There was a negligible to weak correlation between financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and level of financial anxiety based on age, race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic background, debt load, risk tolerance, and retirement reflection. When subjected to multiple regression analysis, the level of education-related debt could explain a large proportion of the variance in multiple measures, including financial self-efficacy, anxiety, and stress. Economic background explained a large proportion of variance in the general social support students felt. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We found a strong, positive correlation between the presence of debt and financial stress and anxiety for all DPT student respondents. While there is no difference in financial literacy and self-efficacy based on race and ethnic background, there is a moderate correlation between self-efficacy and financial anxiety for all students. Education on strategies to manage debt load may reduce both factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Mulligan
- Edward P. Mulligan is an associate professor at Tufts University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program-Phoenix, 101 East Washington Street, Phoenix 85004, AZ . Please address all correspondence to Edward P. Mulligan
- Patrick S. Pabian is the professor, department chair in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Kentucky
- Tara Dickson is an assistant professor, director of clinical education at the Tufts University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Patrick S Pabian
- Edward P. Mulligan is an associate professor at Tufts University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program-Phoenix, 101 East Washington Street, Phoenix 85004, AZ . Please address all correspondence to Edward P. Mulligan
- Patrick S. Pabian is the professor, department chair in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Kentucky
- Tara Dickson is an assistant professor, director of clinical education at the Tufts University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tara Dickson
- Edward P. Mulligan is an associate professor at Tufts University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program-Phoenix, 101 East Washington Street, Phoenix 85004, AZ . Please address all correspondence to Edward P. Mulligan
- Patrick S. Pabian is the professor, department chair in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Kentucky
- Tara Dickson is an assistant professor, director of clinical education at the Tufts University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program-Phoenix, AZ
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Grineski SE, Morales DX, Collins TW, Nadybal S, Trego S. Anxiety and depression among US college students engaging in undergraduate research during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:20-30. [PMID: 34905697 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2013237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine mental health of undergraduate researchers (UGRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS We surveyed 962 UGRs who were conducting research in Spring 2020 at over 100 US universities. METHODS We conducted an online survey in July 2020. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and multivariable generalized estimating equations. RESULTS 63% reported at least mild anxiety and 73% reported at least mild depression based on GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores; 15.2% reported severe anxiety (score ≥ 15) and 23.4% reported severe depression (score ≥ 15). More COVID-19-related adverse event experiences were associated with more severe anxiety and depression, as were first-generation status, woman gender, and LGBQ status. Greater social support was protective, and significantly more so for men (vs. women) and continuing generation (vs. first generation) students. CONCLUSION Faculty have an important role in the mental health of their mentees. Additional interventions are needed to better support women and first-generation students. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Grineski
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Danielle X Morales
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy W Collins
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shawna Nadybal
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shaylynn Trego
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Stickley A, Shirama A, Sumiyoshi T. Financial debt, worry about debt and mental health in Japan. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:761. [PMID: 37848860 PMCID: PMC10580597 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Financial debt has been linked to poorer mental health. However, most research has been undertaken in western countries. This study examined the association between financial debt, worry about debt, and mental health in Japan, where there has been little specific focus on debt and its effects on mental health. METHODS Data were analyzed from 3717 respondents collected in an online survey in 2023. Information on financial debt and worry about debt was collected with single-item questions. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale were used to respectively collect information on depression and anxiety symptoms, while a single-item measure was used to obtain information on a recent history of suicidal ideation. Logistic regression was used to assess associations. RESULTS Both financial debt (17.7%) and worry about debt (14.8%) were prevalent in the study sample. In fully adjusted analyses, compared to those with no debt and worry about debt, individuals who were worried about debt but had no debt, or who had debts and were worried about debt had significantly higher odds for suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. In contrast, having debt but not being worried about debt was not associated with any of the mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that worrying about debt is strongly associated with poorer mental health among Japanese adults. Interventions to address debt and its associated worries may be important for improving public mental health in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Aya Shirama
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
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Zhong H, Xu J. Precarious Employment and Subjective Career Success During the School-to-Work Transition. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2327-2339. [PMID: 37396406 PMCID: PMC10314769 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s418017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The transition from school to work is an important stage in the career development of university students, and precarious employment during this period can significantly impact their early career success. In today's unstable employment environment, this study examines how employment instability during the transition from school to work directly and indirectly affects college students' subjective career success. This contributes to a thorough understanding of this transitional period and provides university students with the necessary resources to cope with a smooth transition from school to work. Patients and Methods We recruited senior students at five universities in Harbin, China, from May to July 2022. After obtaining participants' consent, questionnaires were distributed via social media, resulting in 967 valid questionnaires. Based on this sample, we examined the chain mediating effect of financial stress and occupational self-efficacy in the association between precarious employment and career success and the moderating effect of employability. Results The study found that precarious employment hurts career success and can also affect career success by increasing financial stress and decreasing occupational self-efficacy among college students. At the same time, financial stress can also decrease students' self-efficacy. Finally, employability can reduce the adverse effects of precarious employment on career success and occupational self-efficacy. Conclusion The link between employment instability and subjective career success during the transition from school to work has been demonstrated for university students. Employment instability not only increases college students' financial stress but also reduces career self-efficacy, which in turn affects college students' perceptions of early subjective career success. Importantly, employability plays a positive role in the smooth school-to-work transition and subjective career success of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhong
- School of Marxism, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Xu
- School of Marxism, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Kim T, Shein B, Joy EE, Murphy PK, Allan BA. The Myth of Social Mobility: Subjective Social Mobility and Mental Health. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221148671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A common assumption is that upward mobility produces positive psychological outcomes. However, status-based identity framework and social class worldview model propose that perceived social mobility in either direction will lead to increased distress. Based on this claim, we examined relations among subjective social mobility, life satisfaction, and mental health using polynomial regression with response surface mapping. In Study 1, groups that experienced both subjective downward and upward mobility reported more depressive symptomatology than groups that remained in middle or upper social statuses in a sample of 567 adults. We did not find significant relations between subjective social mobility and life satisfaction. In Study 2, both groups that experienced subjective downward and upward mobility reported more depressive and academic distress symptomatology than groups that remained in middle or upper social social statuses in a sample of 7,598 clients from college counseling center data. The results provide insights relevant to multicultural counseling and training.
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LeBaron-Black AB, Yorgason JB, Curran MA, Saxey MT, Okamoto RM. The ABC-X's of Stress among U.S. Emerging Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationship Quality, Financial Distress, and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13125. [PMID: 36293701 PMCID: PMC9602708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging adults have experienced increased financial distress and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, and isolation may have amplified the importance of close relationships (especially as parents' influence diminishes during this developmental stage). Using the ABC-X Model to frame our model, we tested whether financial distress (C) mediates the associations between COVID-19 impact (A) and anxiety and depressive symptoms (X), and whether or not romantic relationship quality (B) moderates these indirect associations. Our sample comprised of 1950 U.S. emerging adults in a romantic relationship. Mediation and first-stage moderated mediation were tested using structural equation modeling. Financial distress partially mediated the association between COVID-19 impact and anxiety symptoms and fully mediated the association between COVID-19 impact and depressive symptoms. Strong evidence of moderated mediation was found but in the opposite direction expected: the indirect associations of COVID-19 impact with anxiety and depressive symptoms (through financial distress) were stronger for those in high-quality romantic relationships. The findings may inform policy and practice aimed at optimizing the mental health of emerging adults, especially in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: specifically, alleviating financial distress may improve the mental health of emerging adults, while focusing on the quality of their romantic relationships may not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa A. Curran
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, McClelland Park Rm. 235F, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Matthew T. Saxey
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Rachel M. Okamoto
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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ElTohamy A, Hyun S, Macaranas AR, Chen JA, Stevens C, Liu CH. Testing positive, losing a loved one, and financial hardship: Real-world impacts of COVID-19 on US college student distress. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:357-364. [PMID: 35878829 PMCID: PMC9304338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a particularly heavy toll on U.S. college students. In addition to facing academic-related stress and social pressures, these individuals are now increasingly susceptible to experiences such as contracting the virus, losing loved ones to COVID-19, or facing financial hardship due to the pandemic. The effects of such personal, pandemic-related experiences on young adult mental health - and the inherent racial disparities within these outcomes - remain largely understudied. METHODS We analyzed 65,568 undergraduate students from the Spring 2021 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). RESULTS The rates of the aforementioned COVID-19-related stressors were unevenly distributed across racial groups. A logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of moderate and serious psychological distress revealed that participants who had experienced the death of a loved one had 1.14 times greater odds of developing psychological distress (p < 0.0001). Those who experienced financial hardship had an odds ratio of 1.78 (p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with an odds ratio of 0.82 of psychological distress (p < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS Self-reported measures are susceptible to recall bias and misinterpretation. Exposure and outcome variables were measured simultaneously in this cross-sectional study which limits inference on causality. CONCLUSIONS Financial burdens and bereavement are especially impactful stressors among college students during the pandemic, whereas contracting COVID-19 seemingly exhibits less impact on distress levels. When addressing student wellbeing, institutions should consider prioritizing the implementation of resources to support individuals affected by pandemic-related financial and familial losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman ElTohamy
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sunah Hyun
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Justin A. Chen
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Courtney Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97301, USA
| | - Cindy H. Liu
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author at: Departments of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Associations of trait emotional intelligence and stress with anxiety in Chinese medical students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273950. [PMID: 36048865 PMCID: PMC9436114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students are vulnerable to anxiety. Identifying its key influencing factors can potentially benefit both students and their future patients. Trait emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived stress may play important roles in anxiety. The main objective of this study was to examine the associations between trait EI, perceived stress and anxiety among Chinese medical students. Materials and methods Self-report questionnaires, consisting of the Chinese versions of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and demographic section were distributed to 1500 students at three medical universities in China. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between trait EI, perceived stress and anxiety. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were utilized to examine the mediating effect of perceived stress. Results A total number of 1388 medical students became final participants. After adjustment for demographics, while trait EI was strongly and negatively associated with anxiety, accounting for 21.1% of its variance, perceived stress was strongly and positively related to anxiety, explaining an additional 10.0% of the variance. Stress appeared to have a mediating effect on the association between trait EI and anxiety in students with high and moderate levels of stress, but not in low stress group. Conclusions Both constructs of trait EI and perceived stress could be of vital importance to understand anxiety in medical students. Evidence-based strategies to enhance trait EI and reduce perceived stress might be undertaken to prevent and treat anxiety in the students.
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Oh H, Nagendra A, Besecker M, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Wang JSH. Economic strain, parental education and psychotic experiences among college students in the United States: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study 2020. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:770-781. [PMID: 34469041 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to psychosis, and much can be learned by examining how various indicators of SES-specifically economic strain and intergenerational transfer of resources-are related to sub-threshold psychotic experiences among college students. METHODS Using data from the Healthy Minds Survey (September 2020-December 2020), we used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations between five SES indicators and 12-month psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity. We also examined the count of predictors and psychotic experiences. RESULTS Each indicator of economic strain was associated with greater odds of psychotic experiences. In particular, increasing levels of financial stress (current, childhood and pandemic-related) were associated with greater odds of psychotic experiences in a dose-response fashion. Food insecurity was associated with double the odds of psychotic experiences. In terms of intergenerational transfer of resources, having either one or no parents who attended college was associated with significantly greater odds of having psychotic experiences, when compared with having both parents who attended college. Examining all predictors in the same model, only childhood and current financial stress and food insecurity were significantly associated with psychotic experiences. The count of predictors was significantly associated with greater odds of having psychotic experiences in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS Among college students, economic strain and intergenerational transfer of resources were associated with recent psychotic experiences, highlighting the importance of economic interventions targeting young adults to influence risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arundati Nagendra
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan Besecker
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Shu-Huah Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
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Carranza Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito O, Caycho-Rodriguez T, Lingán-Huamán SK, Ruiz Mamani PG. Psychological Distress, Anxiety, and Academic Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Study Satisfaction Among Peruvian University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809230. [PMID: 35548489 PMCID: PMC9085258 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research study was to determine if psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy predict satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and predictive design was used, in which 582 Peruvian university students participated, 243 men and 339 women, between the ages of 16 and 41. Student's t-statistics were used to analyze the differences in scores of psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies based on the sex of the participants, Pearson's R was used for the analysis of correlations between variables, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictive model. In the analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. The results show that men have higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy than women do (p < 0.01); high levels of psychological distress correlate with high levels of anxiety (r = 0.580, p < 0.01) and low levels of satisfaction with studies (r = -0.178, p < 0.01) and academic self-efficacy (r = -0.348, p < 0.01); high levels of anxiety correlate with low levels of satisfaction with studies (r = -0.122, p < 0.01) and academic self-efficacy (r = -0.192, p < 0.01); and high levels of academic self-efficacy correlate with high levels of satisfaction with studies (r = 0.429, p < 0.01). Academic self-efficacy was also found to predict satisfaction with studies (β = 0.429, p < 0.01). This concludes that, although there are significant correlations between psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy is the variable that most predicts satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban
- Facultad de Humanidades, Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru,*Correspondence: Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban,
| | - Oscar Mamani-Benito
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Derecho y Humanidades, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | - Susana K. Lingán-Huamán
- Facultad de Humanidades, Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Percy G. Ruiz Mamani
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
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Jackson J, Almos H, Karibian N, Lieb C, Butts-Wilmsmeyer C, Aranda ML. Identifying Factors That Influence Student Perceptions of Stress in Biology Courses with Online Learning Modalities. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2022; 23:00233-21. [PMID: 35496676 PMCID: PMC9053038 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00233-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Students in higher education encounter many factors both inside (academic) and outside (nonacademic) classrooms that can influence their perceptions of stress in their biology courses. These can include course learning modalities, coursework, grades, as well as time management outside of class. It is unknown what stressors are perceived by students enrolled in biology courses-especially in online learning modalities. Therefore, our mixed method study aims to investigate the extent to which online course modalities influence students' perception of stress, as well as identify academic and nonacademic factors that influence students' perceptions of stress in biology courses. Student survey data (n = 240) was collected in the Fall 2020 semester while many courses were held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated three major findings: First, 70% of students specifically indicated that online-learning modalities increased their stress levels. Our second major finding is that 70% of students indicated the size of class workloads-work both in and out of class-is too much, which especially impacts students with caretaking and work responsibilities. Finally, over 85% of students indicated that exams were a major source of stress, specifically, a third of the students reported the time to complete the exam and exam material as sources of stress. This work is the first to identify stressors in online biology courses, and these analyses will inform future pedagogy, curriculum, and policies to mitigate students' stress as instructors continue to explore online learning pedagogy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah Almos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalie Karibian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Connor Lieb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Carrie Butts-Wilmsmeyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
- Center for Predictive Analytics, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Maurina L. Aranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
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Financial Anxiety among International Students in Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis between International Students in the United States of America and China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Financial anxiety is one of the most stress-causing factors, destabilizing students’ academic activities and performance. This study investigated whether there was any financial anxiety in international students in higher education institutions by comparing students in the USA and mainland China. The study employed a random-effect ordered probit model that utilised a sample size of 3953 international students during the academic years 2017–2019. The findings showed a significantly low rate of financial anxiety among international students in the United States, while international students in China experienced a highly significant financial anxiety as far as academic life was concerned. Additionally, a robustness check using marginal effects in probit showed a positive life satisfaction towards financial behaviour after the study period in the USA, while a negative life satisfaction towards financial behaviour existed in mainland China. Nevertheless, the study put forward vital recommendations to help address this phenomenon and strengthen the relationship between international students and administrators of higher education institutions in both countries.
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Ryu S, Fan L. The Relationship Between Financial Worries and Psychological Distress Among U.S. Adults. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES 2022; 44:16-33. [PMID: 35125855 PMCID: PMC8806009 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-022-09820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the association between financial worries and psychological distress among US adults and tests its moderating effects by gender, marital status, employment status, education, and income levels. Data were derived from the cross-sectional 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the adult population. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that higher financial worries were significantly associated with higher psychological distress. Additionally, the association between financial worries and psychological distress was more pronounced among the unmarried, the unemployed, lower-income households, and renters than their counterparts. The findings suggest that accessible financial counseling programs and public health intervention programs are needed to mitigate financial worries and its negative influences on overall psychological health, with greater attention devoted to vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ryu
- School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, 2101 Van Munching Hall, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Financial Planning, Housing and Consumer Economics, University of Georgia, 205 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Augustine DA, Koss KJ, Smith EP, Kogan SM. The influence of family cohesion on self-regulation and anxiety problems among African American emerging adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261687. [PMID: 35061736 PMCID: PMC8782322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although African Americans have lower rates of anxiety in childhood than other racial and ethnic minority groups, they seem to experience escalating rates during emerging adulthood. Despite this, few studies have examined factors associated with anxiety during emerging adulthood among African American populations. The current study investigated the extent to which late adolescent family relationships affect anxiety problems among African American emerging adults. Informed by family development theory, family cohesion was hypothesized to indirectly effect anxiety problems through self-regulation. This model was tested with three waves of data (ages 17, 19, 21) from African Americans participating in the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study. Study findings were consistent with the hypothesized model: family cohesion forecasted decreased anxiety problems, indirectly, via increased self-regulation. This finding suggests that families may be an important promotive process for anxiety problems during emerging adulthood. Prevention programs that target family processes may be able to reduce anxiety problems in emerging adult African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Augustine
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kalsea J. Koss
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emilie P. Smith
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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The Intricate Web of Fatigue in Women. WOMEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/women1040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern woman has taken her rightful place in society as a worker, a caregiver, a mother, and a world citizen. However, along with the privileges of these roles comes the great cost of stress and resultant exhaustion and fatigue. Psychosocial, physical, cultural, and disease-related realms of stress act as strands of a web that serve to bind and hinder women with chronic stress. New areas of research, such as exercise intervention, improved social programs (e.g., childcare), and supplementation are constantly evaluated for effectiveness alongside traditional remedies such as exercise. This review will highlight some of the key issues regarding stress in women and explore reports of new treatment modalities in light of the specific requirements of the modern woman.
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Mohamad NE, Sidik SM, Akhtari-Zavare M, Gani NA. The prevalence risk of anxiety and its associated factors among university students in Malaysia: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:438. [PMID: 33663451 PMCID: PMC7931521 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health problems worldwide, including Malaysia, and this issue has gained concern and attention from many, including experts and authorities globally. While average levels of stress and worry may help to motivate students to perform well in their studies, excessive feelings will increase their level of anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at selected government and private universities throughout Malaysia. A total of 1851 students participated in this study. The students were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, including socio-demographic, academic, and psychosocial characteristics. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used to measure the prevalence risk of anxiety among the students. Chi-square analysis was conducted to find the relationship between the variables and anxiety, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors. RESULTS The response rate was 97.90%, where 1821 out of 1860 students participated in the study. The prevalence risk of anxiety in this study was recorded at 29%. The data revealed that academic year, financial support for the study, alcohol consumption, poor sleep quality, body mass index (BMI), having a good friend in the university, having doubt regarding the future, actively involved in the society, and having problems with other students and lecturer(s) were significantly associated with risk of anxiety; with the academic year as the primary predictor. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the current prevalence risk of anxiety among university students in Malaysia. The outcome of this study can serve as the evident baseline data and help with the development of specific interventions in addressing and managing the issue appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Elyani Mohamad
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sherina Mohd Sidik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Cancer Resource & Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mehrnoosh Akhtari-Zavare
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Norsidawati Abdul Gani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Cancer Resource & Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cao H, Zhou N, Li X, Serido J, Shim S. Temporal dynamics of the association between financial stress and depressive symptoms throughout the emerging adulthood. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:211-218. [PMID: 33418369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood is a life stage with elevated risk for both mental disorders and financial distress. Although a positive link between financial stress and depressive symptoms has been identified, there is a lack of delineation on the temporal dynamics of this link spanning the entire stage of emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18 to 29). METHODS Using a statistical approach that partitions between-person from within-person variation and based on four waves of data from a college cohort (N = 2,098) throughout emerging adulthood, this study addresses this gap. RESULTS Latent growth curve model analyses indicate that the trajectory of financial stress throughout emerging adulthood followed an inverted "U" shape, whereas that of depressive symptoms displayed a linear, decreasing trend. The positive correlations of both intercepts and slopes between financial stress and depressive symptoms indicated a co-development pattern. Classical, cross-lagged panel model analyses (i.e., a model aggregating between-person and within-person variation) demonstrated a reciprocal positive association between financial stress and depressive symptoms across waves. Random intercept, cross-lagged panel model analyses (i.e., a model disaggregating between-person and within-person effects) indicated a unidirectional positive within-person effect from depressive symptoms to financial stress across waves, controlling for between-person effects. LIMITATIONS Shared-method and shared-informant variance may inflate the identified associations, and the correlational data precludes casual inferences. CONCLUSION Improving young adults' mental well-being, specifically intervening depressive symptoms, could be an avenue for reducing their financial stress. Future research is pressing to examine mechanisms via which depression symptoms manifest as financial stress during transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Institute of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University. 512 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology and School Counseling, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University. 528 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, 650 N. Park Avenue PO Box 210078, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0078, USA.
| | - Joyce Serido
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 299b McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Soyeon Shim
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Office 2135, Nancy Nicholas Hall, 1300 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Tran AGTT. Race/ethnicity and Stigma in Relation to Unmet Mental Health Needs among Student-athletes. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2021.1881859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisia G. T. T. Tran
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, College of Integrative Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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