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Vargiu N, Belfanti A, Roberti M, Trentin S, Ferrara C, Tosti M, Lazzeri M, Giupponi G, Conca A. Empowerment of Italian general practitioners in depression and suicide prevention: the iFightDepression tool, a game changer of the EAAD-Best project. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2024; 23:24. [PMID: 38926725 PMCID: PMC11210018 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
General Practitioners (GPs) play a key role in the early detection and management of depression and in preventing suicide risk. They are often the first healthcare professionals that people in crisis contact. However, their effectiveness can be limited by several barriers, including the lack of specific training and appropriate tools.The EAAD-Best project aims to fill these gaps through its iFightDepression tool, an online tool designed to support patients, psychologists, psychiatrists, and GPs in managing depression and preventing suicide. This article examines the implementation of the iFightDepression platform in Italy, assessing its impact on the empowerment of GPs in the fight against depression. Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data collected by the project, the 'unmet need' of GPs' in Italy regarding their specific training in mental health is highlighted.The response of 2,068 Italian GPs in just 7 months after the start of the iFD project is an expression of GPs' engagement to work against depression and for suicide risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhara Vargiu
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Aurora Belfanti
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michela Roberti
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Serena Trentin
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrara
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Manuela Tosti
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Lazzeri
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Giupponi
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Conca
- Azienda Sanitaria Alto Adige - South Tyrol Health Authority, Bolzano, Italy.
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Yalçın N, Özkan GG, Allegaert K, Ak S, Demirkan K. Web Survey of Turkish Pharmacy Students Comparing First and Fifth Years' Antidepressant Awareness and Stigmatizing Attitudes Regarding Depression and Anxiety. PHARMACY 2024; 12:45. [PMID: 38525725 PMCID: PMC10961788 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of depression and anxiety has increased day by day. Prejudice, self-stigma, and public stigma, on the other hand, continue to prevent patients from seeking adequate treatment, particularly in traditional communities. In this web-based, cross-sectional study, both the presence of depression and anxiety, and the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of first- and fifth (final)-year pharmacy students were examined via an online survey. The aim was to demonstrate the potential impact of public information and five years of pharmacy school on knowledge, attitude, and awareness. Our study population consisted of first- and fifth-year pharmacy students enrolled in one faculty of pharmacy during the spring semester of 2022-2023. The Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Scale were utilized to measure the presence of depression and anxiety, while the Depression and Antidepressant Awareness and Knowledge Scale (DAKAS) was applied to assess their knowledge, attitude, and awareness. Fifth-year participants (n = 101) exhibited noticeably fewer stigmatizing attitudes than first-year participants (n = 104) (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety scores in first- and fifth-year pharmacy students. Being in the fifth class (OR: 3.690; p = 0.025), being of female gender (OR: 4.653; p < 0.001), and having a relationship with someone who took a psychotropic (OR: 3.060; p = 0.008) were associated with a lower overall stigma score by multiple linear regression analysis. The students' awareness of antidepressants and familiarity with mental health issues at the end of their pharmacy education were higher and stigmatization behavior was lower than in first-year students. The positive attitudes at the end of their training towards depression will reduce the likelihood of future pharmacists' patients from being exposed to stigmatization, prevents the formation of an additional stress factor, and likely will improve pharmacy practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Yalçın
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Gökçe Gül Özkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sertaç Ak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Kutay Demirkan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Türkiye;
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Ahmed SK, Abdulqadir SO, Omar RM, Mohamed MG, James R, Hussein SH, Aziz TA, Fahrni ML. Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Depression Among a Sample of Iraqi Non-Psychiatric Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608241260862. [PMID: 38854696 PMCID: PMC11162130 DOI: 10.1177/23779608241260862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nurses, comprising the largest profession in healthcare, play a significant role in the identification and management of mental health disorders in hospitals. Objectives The study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of non-psychiatric nurses and their encounters with depressive patients throughout their careers. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 400 non-psychiatric nurses from different hospitals in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq during October and November 2022. The independent Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression were used to assess possible factors associated with knowledge and attitude toward depression. Results In this study, 400 non-psychiatric nurses were examined, revealing a mean age of 31.57 ± 8.59 years. Their mean scores for knowledge and attitude toward depression were 5.41 out of a maximum of 11 (standard deviation 1.15) and 5.15 out of 18 (standard deviation 1.83), respectively. Notably, differences in mean knowledge scores were observed concerning participant marital status (P = .044), while disparities in mean attitude scores are related to participant gender (P = .010). Upon binary logistic regression analysis, none of the independent variables exhibited an association with good knowledge. Nevertheless, gender emerged as a significant factor influencing attitude toward depression (odds ratio: 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.86; P = .012). Subsequently, in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, gender sustained significance (adjusted odds ratio: 0.573; 95% confidence interval: 0.348-0.942; P = .028) as the key variable impacting attitudes toward depression among non-psychiatric nurses. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, nurses have insufficient awareness and management skills for depression. It has been experienced and reported that nurses lack knowledge and an attitude toward depression management. The study highlights a significant gap in nurses' skills for managing depression, urging the immediate improvement of training programs. Customizing these programs to enhance nurses' abilities in identifying and managing depression is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirwan Khalid Ahmed
- College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Salar Omar Abdulqadir
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rukhsar Muhammad Omar
- Department of Kindergarten, College of Basic Education, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mona Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khiamah, UAE
| | - Rachel James
- Department of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Safin Hassan Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Tahir Abdullah Aziz
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health-Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mathumalar Loganathan Fahrni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Shami R, Alam MF, ElHajj MS. The role of community pharmacists in depression management: a survey of attitudes, practices and perceived barriers. Int J Clin Pharm 2021; 44:214-226. [PMID: 34661831 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-021-01337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Community pharmacists play a significant role in depression care. Depression is a health priority in national health strategies around the world, including in Qatar. Objective To describe current practices, attitudes and perceived barriers of community pharmacists towards depression care, and to investigate factors associated with these practices. Setting Community pharmacies in Qatar. Method A cross-sectional online survey using an adapted survey instrument. Scores were measured on a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses of study outcomes, followed by multivariate regression examining the association between pharmacists' practices and their attitudes, socio-demographic and professional characteristics. Main outcome measure Pharmacists' scores on self-reported attitudes towards depression and depression care practices and the number of perceived barriers for depression care. Result: 358 pharmacists (response rate 39%) completed the questionnaire. Pharmacists' attitudes to depression were moderately positive (mean score = 3.41, SD = 0.26) but involvement in depression care was very low (mean score = 2.64, SD = 0.94). Three major barriers were lack of access to patients' medical records (83.21%), lack of patients' insight on depression and the importance of treatment (81.85%), and lack of knowledge and training on mental health (79.63%). Female pharmacists and those graduated more than 10 years prior were significantly less involved in depression care compared to their counterparts (practice scores (95% CI) -4.36 (-7.46 to -1.26) and -7.51 (-15.10 to -1.35), respectively), while those who had access to private counselling area were more involved (practice score 3.39 (0.20 to 6.59). Pharmacists' depression practice score was positively associated with attitudes (p = 0.001). Conclusion Pharmacists' moderately positive attitudes were not reflected in their suboptimal depression-care practices. Action from policymakers is needed to improve pharmacists' practices and attitudes to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Shami
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Fasihul Alam
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Jacq KD, Norful AA, Larson E. Nurses' and Mental Health Technicians' Attitudes and Social Acceptance of People with Mental Illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:365-375. [PMID: 32822233 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1799272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over 43 million Americans are diagnosed with a mental illness. Various factors, including health professionals' attitudes, prevent patients from seeking care. Previous evidence fails to identify nursing staff attitudes toward patients with mental illness. This cross-sectional study investigated attitudes toward mental illness of 146 registered nurses and mental health technicians in a psychiatric hospital. The study was guided by the Modified Labeling Theory. Respondents expressed stereotyping beliefs that people with mental illness would be devaluated and discriminated, and endorsed stigmatizing attitudes expressing stronger desire for social distance from a person with schizophrenia than depression or diabetes. Implications for future research, nursing education and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna de Jacq
- Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Elaine Larson
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Ni CH, Guo SL, Chao CY, Wang CH, Susanty S, Chuang YH. Nurses' Late-Life Depression Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2020; 57:46958020945179. [PMID: 32723125 PMCID: PMC7391434 DOI: 10.1177/0046958020945179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression in older population is more common now. Due to increasing numbers of older patients in hospitals, nurses have more opportunities to care for these patients. Therefore, nurses should have correct knowledge of late-life depression and more favorable attitudes about depression. The study aimed to understand hospital nurses' knowledge level of late-life depression and attitudes about depression. A cross-sectional research design was used. A convenience sample of 307 nurses from 3 hospitals in Taiwan was recruited. Nurses scored 55.15% in the Late-Life Depression Quiz. The average score of the Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire was 71.76 (SD = 6.13). The study also found that hospital nurses had more favorable attitudes about depression when their late-life depression knowledge was higher; their interest level in providing care for older patients with depression was greater; they had ever taken care of older patients with depressive symptoms or depression; they had never received in-service training on depression in the past year; and they had ever attended lectures about depression in school. Hospital nurses' knowledge about late-life depression was limited, and they had neutral to slightly favorable attitudes about depression in Taiwan. It is suggested to carefully examine and evaluate in-service training related to depression for nurses in hospitals. In addition, developing appropriate interventions to increase hospital nurses' knowledge level of late-life depression and attitudes toward depression is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hua Ni
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Liu Guo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Center of Faculty Development, Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chao
- Nursing Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Wang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Sri Susanty
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University, Indonesia
| | - Yeu-Hui Chuang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Chuang YH, Kuo LM. Nurses' confidence in providing and managing care for older persons with depressive symptoms or depression in long-term care facilities: A national survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:1767-1775. [PMID: 29797638 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is high. Nurses are the main healthcare providers in LTCFs and also the persons responsible for detecting changes in residents' mental function and providing subsequent care. Therefore, it is necessary to understand nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and confidence regarding care for older residents with depressive symptoms or depression. This study aimed to understand nurses' level of knowledge of late-life depression, attitudes towards depression, and confidence levels in caring for older adults with depressive symptoms or depression in LTCFs. A cross-sectional descriptive and correlational research design was used. A nationwide self-report survey was conducted in 2016. Ultimately, 556 valid questionnaires were returned. The study found that LTCF nurses' knowledge about late-life depression was poor, and they also lacked confidence in managing and caring for older persons with depressive symptoms or depression, but nurses' attitudes towards depression were neutral or slightly positive. Moreover, nurses who had greater confidence in providing care for older persons with depression were those with more positive attitudes towards depression, a greater interest level in taking care of older adults with depression, less late-life depression knowledge, longer nursing experience in LTCFs, and a greater interest level in late-life depression issues, and who had read late-life depression pamphlets or taken courses or classes in late-life depression. The findings suggest an urgent need to develop strategies to improve nurses' late-life depression knowledge and increase their confidence in providing care to older residents with depressive symptoms or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Hui Chuang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Kuo
- Department of Gerontological Health Care, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fox AB, Earnshaw VA, Taverna EC, Vogt D. Conceptualizing and Measuring Mental Illness Stigma: The Mental Illness Stigma Framework and Critical Review of Measures. STIGMA AND HEALTH 2018; 3:348-376. [PMID: 30505939 PMCID: PMC6261312 DOI: 10.1037/sah0000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the last decade has seen a proliferation of research on mental illness stigma, lack of consistency and clarity in both the conceptualization and measurement of mental illness stigma has limited the accumulation of scientific knowledge about mental illness stigma and its consequences. In the present article, we bring together the different foci of mental illness stigma research with the Mental Illness Stigma Framework (MISF). The MISF provides a common framework and set of terminology for understanding mechanisms of mental illness stigma that are relevant to the study of both the stigmatized and the stigmatizer. We then apply this framework to systematically review and classify stigma measures used in the past decade according to their corresponding stigma mechanisms. We identified more than 400 measures of mental illness stigma, two thirds of which had not undergone any systematic psychometric evaluation. Stereotypes and discrimination received the most research attention, while mechanisms that focus on the perspective of individuals with mental illness (e.g., experienced, anticipated, or internalized stigma) have been the least studied. Finally, we use the MISF to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of mental illness stigma measurement, identify gaps in the literature, and provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie B Fox
- Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Emily C Taverna
- Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - Dawne Vogt
- Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
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Grace B, Richardson N, Carroll P. ". . . If You're Not Part of the Institution You Fall by the Wayside": Service Providers' Perspectives on Moving Young Men From Disconnection and Isolation to Connection and Belonging. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:252-264. [PMID: 26921002 PMCID: PMC5818107 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316634088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been increasing calls for more gender-specific service provision to support young men's (20-29 years) mental health and well-being. In Ireland, young men are the demographic group that are most likely to die by suicide but among the least likely to seek help. This study sought to investigate service providers' perspectives on the factors that support or inhibit young men from engaging in services targeted at supporting their mental/emotional well-being. Qualitative methodologies (focus groups, n = 9; interviews, n = 7) were used for this study. Disconnection from family and community was identified as a key indicator of "at-risk" groups of young men who, more typically, had experienced significant disruption in their lives. The discord between demands and expectations facing young men on one hand, and insufficient life-management and coping skills on the other, left many young men vulnerable and bereft. The desire to save face and preserve one's masculine identity was linked to young men's reluctance to seek help when feeling down. There was a strong consensus that there could be no shortcuts to [re]connecting with young men. While sport, technology, and social media were cited as appropriate media in which to engage young men, the essence of sustained connection revolved around creating safety, trust, rapport, and meaningful relationships. The findings from this study have informed the development of a Train the Trainer program ("Connecting with Young Men"), which is currently being delivered to service providers in Ireland and which may have implications for service provision elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Grace
- Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | | | - Paula Carroll
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Haddad M, Waqas A, Sukhera AB, Tarar AZ. The psychometric characteristics of the revised depression attitude questionnaire (R-DAQ) in Pakistani medical practitioners: a cross-sectional study of doctors in Lahore. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:333. [PMID: 28750688 PMCID: PMC5530926 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is common mental health problem and leading contributor to the global burden of disease. The attitudes and beliefs of the public and of health professionals influence social acceptance and affect the esteem and help-seeking of people experiencing mental health problems. The attitudes of clinicians are particularly relevant to their role in accurately recognising and providing appropriate support and management of depression. This study examines the characteristics of the revised depression attitude questionnaire (R-DAQ) with doctors working in healthcare settings in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 using the revised depression attitude questionnaire (R-DAQ). A convenience sample of 700 medical practitioners based in six hospitals in Lahore was approached to participate in the survey. The R-DAQ structure was examined using Parallel Analysis from polychoric correlations. Unweighted least squares analysis (ULSA) was used for factor extraction. Model fit was estimated using goodness-of-fit indices and the root mean square of standardized residuals (RMSR), and internal consistency reliability for the overall scale and subscales was assessed using reliability estimates based on Mislevy and Bock (BILOG 3 Item analysis and test scoring with binary logistic models. Mooresville: Scientific Software, 55) and the McDonald’s Omega statistic. Findings using this approach were compared with principal axis factor analysis based on Pearson correlation matrix. Results 601 (86%) of the doctors approached consented to participate in the study. Exploratory factor analysis of R-DAQ scale responses demonstrated the same 3-factor structure as in the UK development study, though analyses indicated removal of 7 of the 22 items because of weak loading or poor model fit. The 3 factor solution accounted for 49.8% of the common variance. Scale reliability and internal consistency were adequate: total scale standardised alpha was 0.694; subscale reliability for professional confidence was 0.732, therapeutic optimism/pessimism was 0.638, and generalist perspective was 0.769. Conclusions The R-DAQ was developed with a predominantly UK-based sample of health professionals. This study indicates that this scale functions adequately and provides a valid measure of depression attitudes for medical practitioners in Pakistan, with the same factor structure as in the scale development sample. However, optimal scale function necessitated removal of several items, with a 15-item scale enabling the most parsimonious factor solution for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Haddad
- Centre for Mental Health Research; School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK. .,East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Zaman Tarar
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
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Watkins A, McKee J, Hughes C, Pfeiffenberger T. Community pharmacists’ attitudes toward providing care and services to patients with severe and persistent mental illness. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2017; 57:S217-S224.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Calogero S, Caley CF. Supporting patients with mental illness: Deconstructing barriers to community pharmacist access. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2017; 57:248-255. [PMID: 28153705 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss the barriers faced by individuals with mental health conditions attempting to access their community pharmacists and to propose solutions toward deconstructing those barriers. SUMMARY Given the prevalence of mental illness and the frequency at which psychotropic medications are dispensed, community pharmacists have a daily opportunity to engage patients with mental illness and be active participants in community-based mental health care. Yet multiple barriers affect patient access to community pharmacists. Some barriers, such as heavy dispensing workload, can be considered as "external" to the pharmacist. Other barriers, such as negative attitudes about mental illness, are considered to be "internal." Research about mental illness stigma in pharmacy often reports that community pharmacists are uncomfortable with, or have little time for, mental health patients. Patients also report experiencing stigma from pharmacists and pharmacy staff. Expanded efforts are needed by the pharmacy profession to deconstruct barriers that patients with mental illness are faced with in community pharmacy, especially related to stigma. Specifically, these efforts should include critically evaluating and addressing the quality of didactic and experiential opportunities in psychiatric pharmacotherapy for pharmacy students, transforming the physical layout of community pharmacies to offer true counseling privacy, educating community pharmacists and pharmacy staff about mental illness, and educating patients about what to expect from community pharmacists. CONCLUSION There are opportunities for community pharmacy to improve its impact on mental health treatment outcomes by resolving mental illness stigma and other barriers that prevent patients with mental illness from accessing their community pharmacist.
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The Variability of Nursing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: An Integrative Review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:788-796. [PMID: 27888976 PMCID: PMC5127450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mental illnesses are common worldwide, and nurses' attitudes toward mental illness have an impact on the care they deliver. This integrative literature review focused on nurses' attitudes toward mental illness. Four databases were searched between January 1, 1995 to October 31, 2015 selecting studies, which met the following inclusion criteria: 1) English language; and 2) Research in which the measured outcome was nurses' attitudes toward mental illness. Fourteen studies conducted across 20 countries that 4282 participants met the inclusion criteria. No study was conducted in the United States (U.S.). Studies reported that nurses had mixed attitudes toward mental illness, which were comparable to those of the general public. More negative attitudes were directed toward persons with schizophrenia. Results indicate the need for further research to determine whether attitudes among nurses in the U.S. differ from those reported from other countries and to examine potential gaps in nursing curriculum regarding mental illness.
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Arensman E, Coffey C, Griffin E, Van Audenhove C, Scheerder G, Gusmao R, Costa S, Larkin C, Koburger N, Maxwell M, Harris F, Postuvan V, Hegerl U. Effectiveness of Depression-Suicidal Behaviour Gatekeeper Training among police officers in three European regions: Outcomes of the Optimising Suicide Prevention Programmes and Their Implementation in Europe (OSPI-Europe) study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2016; 62:651-660. [PMID: 27647606 DOI: 10.1177/0020764016668907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gatekeeper training for community facilitators, to identify and respond to those at risk of suicide, forms an important part of multi-level community-based suicide prevention programmes. AIMS This study examined the effects of gatekeeper training on attitudes, knowledge and confidence of police officers in dealing with persons at risk of suicide. METHODS A total of 828 police officers across three European regions participated in a 4-hour training programme which addressed the epidemiology of depression and suicidal behaviour, symptoms of depression, warning signs and risk factors associated with suicidal behaviour, motivating help-seeking behaviour, dealing with acute suicidal crisis and informing bereaved relatives. Participants completed internationally validated questionnaires assessing stigmatising attitudes, knowledge about depression and confidence in dealing with suicidal persons pre- and post-training. RESULTS There were significant differences among countries in terms of previous exposure to suicidal persons and extent of previous training. Post-training evaluation demonstrated significant improvements in stigmatising attitudes, knowledge and confidence in all three countries. CONCLUSION The consistently positive effects of gatekeeper training of police officers across different regions support inclusion of this type of training as a fundamental part of multi-level community-based suicide prevention programmes and roll-out, nationally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Arensman
- 1 National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claire Coffey
- 1 National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eve Griffin
- 1 National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chantal Van Audenhove
- 3 LUCAS (Centre for Care Research and Consultancy), KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Gert Scheerder
- 3 LUCAS (Centre for Care Research and Consultancy), KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Gusmao
- 4 Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Port, Porto (ISPUP)
| | | | - Celine Larkin
- 1 National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicole Koburger
- 6 Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- 7 Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Innovation Park, University of Stirling, FK9 4NF, Stirling, UK
| | - Fiona Harris
- 7 Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Innovation Park, University of Stirling, FK9 4NF, Stirling, UK
| | - Vita Postuvan
- 8 Slovene Center for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- 6 Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
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Haddad M, Menchetti M, McKeown E, Tylee A, Mann A. The development and psychometric properties of a measure of clinicians' attitudes to depression: the revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire (R-DAQ). BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25653089 PMCID: PMC4321322 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder associated with substantial disability. It is inadequately recognised and managed, and clinicians' attitudes to this condition and its treatment may play a part in this. Most research in this area has used the Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ), but analyses have shown this measure to exhibit problems in psychometric properties and suitability for the health professionals and settings where depression recognition may occur. METHODS We revised the DAQ using a pooled review of findings from studies using this measure, together with a Delphi study which sought the opinions of a panel of relevant experts based in the UK, USA, Australia, and European countries (n = 24) using 3 rounds of questioning to consider attitude dimensions, content, and item wording. After item generation, revision and consensus (agreement >70%) using the Delphi panel, the revised DAQ (R-DAQ) was tested with 1193 health care providers to determine its psychometric properties. Finally the test-retest reliability of the R-DAQ was examined with 38 participants. RESULTS The 22-item R-DAQ scale showed good internal consistency: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.84; and satisfactory test-retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.62 (95% C.I. 0.37 to 0.78). Exploratory factor analysis favoured a three-factor structure (professional confidence, therapeutic optimism/pessimism, and a generalist perspective), which accounted for 45.3% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS The R-DAQ provides a revised tool for examining clinicians' views and understanding of depression. It addresses important weaknesses in the original measure whilst retaining items and dimensions that appeared valid. This revised scale is likely to be useful in examining attitudes across the health professional workforce and beyond the confines of the UK, and may be valuable for the purpose of evaluating training that aims to address clinicians' attitudes to depression. It incorporates key dimensions of attitudes with a modest number of items making it applicable to use in busy clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Haddad
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eamonn McKeown
- Centre for Health Services Research, City University London, London, UK.
| | - André Tylee
- Section of Primary Care Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Anthony Mann
- Section of Primary Care Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK.
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Williams B, Boyle M, Fielder C. Empathetic attitudes of undergraduate paramedic and nursing students towards four medical conditions: a three-year longitudinal study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2015; 35:e14-e18. [PMID: 25573748 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the healthcare context empathy is the cognitive ability to understand a patient's perspectives and experiences and to convey that understanding back to the patient. Some medical conditions are frequently stigmatised or otherwise detrimentally stereotyped with patients often describing healthcare practitioners as intolerant, prejudiced and discriminatory. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to find how a group of paramedic students and nursing/paramedic double-degree students regard these types of patients and to note any changes that may occur as those students continued through their education. METHODS The 11-questions, 6-point Likert scale version of the Medical Condition Regard Scale was used in this prospective cross-sectional longitudinal study. This study included paramedic students enrolled in first, second, third and fourth year of an undergraduate paramedic or paramedic/nursing program from Monash University. RESULTS A total of 554 students participated. Statistically significant differences were found between double-degree and single-degree students (p<0.0001), year of course (p<0.0001) and gender (p=0.02) for patients presenting with substance abuse. Similar results were found for patients with intellectual disability and attempted suicide. No statistically significant results were found for acute mental illness. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated significant differences in empathy between paramedic and nursing/paramedic double-degree students in regard to patients with these complex medical conditions. Paramedic/nursing students generally showed a positive change in empathy towards these complex patients by their third year of study; however, they also showed some alarming drops in empathy between second and third year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, McMahons Rd Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia.
| | - Malcolm Boyle
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, McMahons Rd Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
| | - Chris Fielder
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, McMahons Rd Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
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Knox K, Fejzic J, Mey A, Fowler JL, Kelly F, McConnell D, Hattingh L, Wheeler AJ. Mental health consumer and caregiver perceptions of stigma in Australian community pharmacies. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2014; 60:533-43. [PMID: 24062232 DOI: 10.1177/0020764013503149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma of mental illness can be a barrier to effective medication management in the community pharmacy setting. This article explored mental health consumers' or caregivers' experiences of stigma in Australian community pharmacies. MATERIALS Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of consumers or caregivers (n = 74). Interview transcripts were analysed using a general inductive approach. DISCUSSION Stigma presented a barrier to effective mental health management. Self-stigma impeded consumers' community pharmacy engagement. Positive relationships with knowledgeable staff are fundamental to reducing stigma. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide insight into the stigma of mental illness in community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Knox
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jasmina Fejzic
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Amary Mey
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane L Fowler
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona Kelly
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denise McConnell
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Laetitia Hattingh
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Coppens E, Van Audenhove C, Iddi S, Arensman E, Gottlebe K, Koburger N, Coffey C, Gusmão R, Quintão S, Costa S, Székely A, Hegerl U. Effectiveness of community facilitator training in improving knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in relation to depression and suicidal behavior: results of the OSPI-Europe intervention in four European countries. J Affect Disord 2014; 165:142-50. [PMID: 24882192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community facilitators (CFs), such as teachers, nurses and social workers, are well placed as gatekeepers for depression and suicidal behavior, but not properly prepared to provide preventive and supportive services. The current study aimed: (1) to improve CFs' attitudes toward depression, knowledge on suicide, and confidence to detect suicidal behavior in four European countries and (2) to identify specific training needs across regions and CF groups. METHODS A standardized training program was provided to 1276 CFs in Germany, Hungary, Ireland, and Portugal. Attitudes toward depression, knowledge about suicide, and confidence in identifying suicidal persons were assessed before training, after training, and at three to six months follow-up. Additionally, several participants' characteristics were registered. RESULTS At baseline, CFs showed relatively favorable attitudes toward depression, but limited knowledge on suicide, and little confidence to identify suicidal behavior. Basic skills strongly differed across CF groups and countries. For example, in Germany, carers for the elderly, nurses, teachers, and managers were most in need of training, while in Portugal pharmacists and the clergy appeared to be important target groups. Most importantly, the training program improved the competencies of CF groups across countries and these improvements were sustained after three to six months. CFs with low basic skills benefited most of the training. LIMITATIONS The observed training effects could be influenced by other external factors as our results are based upon a pre-post comparison with no control group. CONCLUSIONS Gatekeeper trainings in community settings are successful in improving knowledge, reshaping attitudes, and boosting the confidence of gatekeepers. The most effective strategy to achieve the preferred objectives is to target those CF groups that are most in need of training and to tailor the content of the training program to the individual needs of the target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Coppens
- LUCAS, Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Van Audenhove
- LUCAS, Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samuel Iddi
- Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Ella Arensman
- National Suicide Research Foundation & Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katrin Gottlebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Koburger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Coffey
- National Suicide Research Foundation & Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Gusmão
- CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Quintão
- CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Costa
- CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - András Székely
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Kuzman MR, Bosnjak D, Vokal P, Kuharic J, Brkic I, Kuzman T, Dujmovic J. Can medical students recognize depression? A survey at the Zagreb School of Medicine. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2014; 38:312-315. [PMID: 24913097 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-014-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards depression. METHODS Students attending their final year at Zagreb School of Medicine completed a set of standardized questionnaires, including attitudes towards psychiatric medication, attitudes towards depression, and personality inventory. RESULTS In total, 199 students completed the questionnaire (response rate 77 %). Most medical students were only partially able to correctly identify major symptoms of depression, but did suggest referral to mental health specialists as the most appropriate course of action. They recognized social and biological causes of depression. Degree of correct identification of symptoms of depression correlated positively with non-stigmatizing attitudes towards depression and negatively with stigmatizing attitudes towards depression. CONCLUSION Students' attitudes toward depression may influence their recognition of symptoms of depression. Incorporation of these findings in development of undergraduate medical curricula may improve students' recognition of depression.
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20
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Pattyn E, Verhaeghe M, Sercu C, Bracke P. Medicalizing versus psychologizing mental illness: what are the implications for help seeking and stigma? A general population study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1637-45. [PMID: 23474612 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study contrasts the medicalized conceptualization of mental illness with psychologizing mental illness and examines what the consequences are of adhering to one model versus the other for help seeking and stigma. METHODS The survey "Stigma in a Global Context-Belgian Mental Health Study" (2009) conducted face-to-face interviews among a representative sample of the general Belgian population using the vignette technique to depict schizophrenia (N = 381). Causal attributions, labeling processes, and the disease view are addressed. Help seeking refers to open-ended help-seeking suggestions (general practitioner, psychiatrist, psychologist, family, friends, and self-care options). Stigma refers to social exclusion after treatment. The data are analyzed by means of logistic and linear regression models in SPSS Statistics 19. RESULTS People who adhere to the biopsychosocial (versus psychosocial) model are more likely to recommend general medical care and people who apply the disease view are more likely to recommend specialized medical care. Regarding informal help, those who prefer the biopsychosocial model are less likely to recommend consulting friends than those who adhere to the psychosocial model. Respondents who apply a medical compared to a non-medical label are less inclined to recommend self-care. As concerns treatment stigma, respondents who apply a medical instead of a non-medical label are more likely to socially exclude someone who has been in psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSIONS Medicalizing mental illness involves a package deal: biopsychosocial causal attributions and applying the disease view facilitate medical treatment recommendations, while labeling seems to trigger stigmatizing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pattyn
- Department of Sociology, HeDeRa (Health and Demographic Research), Ghent University, Korte Meer 5, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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21
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Abayomi O, Adelufosi A, Olajide A. Changing attitude to mental illness among community mental health volunteers in south-western Nigeria. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2013; 59:609-12. [PMID: 22781779 DOI: 10.1177/0020764012448781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based mental health services may be impaired by stigmatization and social distance towards persons with mental illness. Little is known about the impact of education on the attitude of volunteers for mental health programmes. This study aimed to examine the effect of an educational programme on the attitude of community volunteers towards mental illness. METHODS Thirty-one volunteers for a community mental health programme completed the Familiarity with Mental Illness Questionnaire and a modified version of the Bogardus Social Distance Scale (Bogardus, 1925) before and after an educational programme. RESULTS At the end of the educational session, perceived dangerousness was significantly reduced and attitude (social distance) towards persons with mental illness showed significant improvement. CONCLUSION Attitudes of community volunteers towards persons with mental illness improve with educational programmes. This may lead to improved treatment and care of individuals who are mentally ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abayomi
- Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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22
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Williams B, Brown T, Boyle M, Webb V. The Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS): an examination of its factor structure using paramedic students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2013; 33:938-943. [PMID: 23218804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding students' attitudes towards certain medical conditions and diagnoses is an important part of the foundational education that students receive prior to their progression into the health care workforce. Therefore having instruments such as the Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) with strong measurement properties is important for health care professions. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper was to examine the factor structure of the MCRS when completed by a group of undergraduate paramedic and paramedic/nursing students. METHODS Data from the MCRS completed by 783 paramedic students were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by a maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test goodness-of-fit to the sample data. RESULTS Two factors emerged from the EFA labelled Positive Regard and Negative Regard that accounted for 52.67% of the total variance. The 10-item 2-factor model produced good model-fit and good reliability estimates. One MCRS item was discarded since it loaded on a single factor and was not considered to be viable as a stand-alone subscale. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the CFA suggest that the new 10-item version of the MCRS is a valid and reliable measure for determining undergraduate paramedic students' regard for medical conditions. The new 2-factor model appears to be defined by Positive Regard and Negative Regard factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Quinn N, Knifton L, Goldie I, van Bortel T, Dowds J, Lasalvia A, Scheerder G, Boumans J, Svab V, Lanfredi M, Wahlbeck K, Thornicroft G. Nature and impact of European anti-stigma depression programmes. Health Promot Int 2013; 29:403-13. [PMID: 23349322 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/das076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigma associated with depression is a major public health issue in the EU, with over 20 million people experiencing depression and its associated personal distress each year. While most programmes against stigma related to mental health problems are of a general nature, the knowledge about programmes tackling stigma against people with depression is limited. This study therefore aims to assess the nature and impact of depression-specific programmes in EU countries. Using a web-based tool, 26 programmes were identified across the 18 EU countries taking part in the study. Most were universal and targeted the whole population, while many also targeted specific population groups or settings, such as young people or health professionals. The most common programme aim was improving literacy, although reducing stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behaviour and promoting help-seeking were also common. Most programmes originated from professional bodies, or as grassroots initiatives from service user groups/NGOs, rather than as part of national and local policy. The approaches used were primarily different forms of education/information, with some, but very limited, use of positive personal contact. Overall, the quality and extent of impact of the programmes was limited, with few leading to peer-reviewed publications. Specific programmes were identified with evidence of positive impact, and we drew on these examples to develop a framework to be used for future programmes against stigma and discrimination associated with depression. These findings are provided in full in the Anti-Stigma Partnership European Network Toolkit available at www.antistigma.eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Quinn
- School of Applied Social Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Sir Henry Wood Building, 76 Southbrae Drive, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lee Knifton
- School of Applied Social Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Sir Henry Wood Building, 76 Southbrae Drive, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gert Scheerder
- LUCAS Center for Care Research and Consultancy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Boumans
- Kenniscentrum Phrenos / Trimbos-instituut, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vesna Svab
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
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Wang YH, Huang HC, Liu SI, Lu RB. Assessment of changes in confidence, attitude, and knowledge of non-psychiatric physicians undergoing a depression training program in Taiwan. Int J Psychiatry Med 2012; 43:293-308. [PMID: 23094463 DOI: 10.2190/pm.43.4.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether non-psychiatric physicians would benefit from a national depression training program and explore associated factors. METHOD Attending physicians were asked to complete survey questionnaires of confidence, attitude, knowledge, and their willingness to implement new strategies to improve care, before and after training. Paired t-test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the differences and explore factors associated with the domains of confidence, attitude, and knowledge. McNemar's test was used to compare the difference between the physicians' intention to change depression management before and after training. RESULTS Of 524 eligible physicians, 307 (59%) completed the pre- and post-program assessments. These physicians showed significantly increased knowledge score and willingness to implement new treatment strategies, as well as more positive attitude toward and confidence in treating depression. The lower corresponding baseline score was associated with greater improvement in domains ofknowledge, confidence, and attitude. Completion of the training was associated with an improvement in knowledge and becoming less helpless and avoidant attitude. Other factors including non-family-medicine physicians, post-graduate education, and female gender are associated with greater improvements in various domains. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that even a brief educational program can positively influence the physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in treating depression. Further work is needed to monitor whether the effects of training are long-term, and can be translated into behavioral change in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Haddad M, Menchetti M, Walters P, Norton J, Tylee A, Mann A. Clinicians' attitudes to depression in Europe: a pooled analysis of Depression Attitude Questionnaire findings. Fam Pract 2012; 29:121-30. [PMID: 21926052 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmr070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in primary care is common but under-recognized and suboptimally managed. Health professionals' attitudes are likely to play an important part in their recognition and management of depression. OBJECTIVES To pool findings from studies using the Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) to provide greater detail of clinicians' attitudes and the measure's psychometric properties. METHODS Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for relevant studies. Data from eligible studies were requested and pooled analysis conducted. RESULTS Twenty studies were eligible and data were obtained from 12 of these involving GPs (n = 1543) and nurses (n = 984). Responses showed strong disagreement that depression is due to ageing or weakness. European GPs were more positive about depression treatments than UK GPs; nurses were more favourable about psychotherapy than GPs. UK GPs especially strongly opposed notions that depression is best managed by psychiatrists. Trends over time indicated increasing acknowledgement of psychological therapies and the nurse's role in depression management. Factor analysis indicated that many DAQ items fitted weakly within an overall model. The most parsimonious solution involved two factors: a positive view of depression and its treatment response and professional confidence in depression management. CONCLUSIONS Individual DAQ items appear to measure key aspects of clinicians' attitudes to depression, and item responses indicate important differences between professions and geographical settings as well as changes over time. There are problems with the DAQ as a scale: its internal consistency is weak, and several items appear specific to particular professions or service structures, indicating that this questionnaire should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haddad
- Section of Primary Care Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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