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Yoo PY, Majnemer A, Bolduc LA, Chen K, Lamb E, Panjwani T, Wilton R, Ahmed S, Shikako K. Content development of the Child Community Health Inclusion Index: An evaluation tool for measuring inclusion of children with disabilities in the community. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:44-53. [PMID: 35301741 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing barriers in the environment can contribute to health and quality of life for children with disabilities and their families. The Community Health Inclusion Index (CHII) is a measurement tool developed in the United States to identify environmental barriers and facilitators to community health inclusion. The CHII adopts an adult viewpoint and aspects crucial for children may have been omitted. AIMS This study aimed to develop a comprehensive list of items that are relevant for the community inclusion of children with disabilities in the Canadian context. METHODS The relevance and priority of items generated from a review of existing guidelines and best practice recommendations for community inclusion were rated as a dichotomous response and discussed by an expert panel in relevant fields related to children with disabilities. RESULTS A total of 189 items from 12 instruments and best practice guidelines were identified. Expert consensus contributed to a relevant and comprehensive list of items. Expert suggestions were considered to refine and reduce the item list. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of a child version of a community inclusion tool, as the needs of children with disabilities differ from those of adults. It can help communities improve inclusion of children with disabilities and inform health promotion initiatives for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yejong Yoo
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laury-Anne Bolduc
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karen Chen
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erin Lamb
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tanisha Panjwani
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Wilton
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Ahmed
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keiko Shikako
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Psychometric properties of a brief, self-report measure of social inclusion: the F-SIM16. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e8. [PMID: 35060845 PMCID: PMC8786614 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A disproportionate number of people with mental ill-health experience social exclusion. Appropriate measurement tools are required to progress opportunities to improve social inclusion. We have developed a novel measure, the Filia Social Inclusion Measure (F-SIM). Here we aimed to present a more concise, easy-to-use form, while retaining its measurement integrity by (i) refining the F-SIM using traditional and contemporary item-reduction techniques; and (ii) testing the psychometric properties of the reduced measure. METHODS Five hundred and six participants completed the F-SIM, younger and older groups of people with serious mental illness (including psychosis, mood, anxiety disorders) and same-aged community counterparts. The F-SIM was completed at baseline and 2-week follow-up, alongside other measures (including social inclusion, loneliness). The F-SIM was refined using multidimensional scaling network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. The psychometric evaluation included assessment of dimensionality, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant ability and construct validity. RESULTS The F-SIM was reduced from 135-items to 16; with 4-items in each domain of housing and neighbourhood, finances, employment and education and social participation and relationships. Psychometric properties were sound, including strong internal consistency within domains (all α > 0.85) and excellent overall (α = 0.92). Test-retest reliability was also high (γ = 0.90). Differences between groups were observed; clinical subgroups consistently reported lower levels of social inclusion compared to community counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The F-SIM16 is a sound, reliable, brief self-report measure of social inclusion suitable for use in clinical and research settings. It has the potential to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and aid in fostering targeted and personalised needs-based care.
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Nhunzvi C, Langhaug L, Mavindidze E, Harding R, Galvaan R. Occupational justice and social inclusion among people living with HIV and people with mental illness: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036916. [PMID: 32784258 PMCID: PMC7418773 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore ways in which occupational justice and social inclusion are conceptualised, defined and operationalised in highly stigmatised and chronic conditions of mental illness and HIV. DESIGN This scoping review protocol followed Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) Scoping Review Framework. DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY The following databases were searched for the period January 1997 to January 2019: Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Africa-Wide Information, Humanities International Complete, Web of Science, PsychInfo, SocINDEX and grey literature.Eligible articles were primary studies, reviews or theoretical papers which conceptualised, defined and/or operationalised social inclusion or occupational justice in mental illness or HIV. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS We undertook a three-part article screening process. Screening and data extraction were undertaken independently by two researchers. Arksey's framework and thematic analysis informed the collation and synthesis of included papers. RESULTS From 3352 records, we reviewed 139 full articles and retained 27 for this scoping review. Definitions of social inclusion and occupational justice in the domains of mental illness and HIV were heterogeneous and lacked definitional clarity. The two concepts were conceptualised as either processes or personal experiences, with key features of community participation, respect for human rights and establishment and maintenance of healthy relationships. Conceptual commonalities between social inclusion and occupational justice were premised on social justice. CONCLUSIONS To address lack of clarity, we propose further and concurrent exploration of these concepts, specifically with reference to persons with comorbid mental health disorders such as substance use disorders and HIV living in low-income countries. This should reflect contextual realities influencing community participation, respect for human rights and meaningful occupational participation. From this broadened understanding, quantitative measures should be applied to improve the standardisation of measurements for occupational justice and social inclusion in policy, research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Nhunzvi
- College of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lisa Langhaug
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, African Mental Health Research Initiative (AMARI), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Edwin Mavindidze
- Occupational Therapy, Ingutsheni Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Richard Harding
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roshan Galvaan
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gardner A, Cotton SM, Allott K, Filia KM, Hester R, Killackey E. Social inclusion and its interrelationships with social cognition and social functioning in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:477-487. [PMID: 29076286 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM People with psychosis are at risk of social exclusion. Research is needed in this area due to the lack of direct measurement of social inclusion, which becomes salient in adolescence and is relevant to first-episode psychosis (FEP; the onset of which typically occurs during or shortly after adolescence). Social inclusion may be impacted by impaired social cognition and social functioning, which are related features observed in psychosis. The aim of this study was to explore interrelationship(s) between social cognition, social functioning and social inclusion in FEP while controlling for symptomatology (positive, negative and depressive symptoms) and demographic characteristics. METHODS A series of cross-sectional hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to examine whether: social cognition (theory of mind, emotion recognition) predicted social functioning; social functioning predicted social inclusion, and whether social functioning mediated the relationship between social cognition and social inclusion in people aged 15 to 25 (M = 20.49, SD = 2.41) with FEP (N = 146). Age, sex, premorbid IQ, positive and negative psychotic symptoms and depression were control variables. RESULTS Poor facial emotion recognition (β = -.22, P < .05) and negative symptoms (β = -.45, P < .001) predicted lower social functioning. Role-specific social functioning (ie, current employment) predicted greater social inclusion (β = .17, P < .05). Higher depression symptomatology predicted lower social inclusion (β = -.43, P < .001). Social functioning did not mediate the relationship between social cognition and inclusion. Psychotic symptoms were unrelated to social inclusion. CONCLUSIONS Employment and depression may influence social inclusion somewhat independently of psychotic symptomatology in FEP. Inferences should be viewed with caution given this study did not involve longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gardner
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate M Filia
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Hester
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eóin Killackey
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tan CHS, Chiu YLM, Leong JYJ, Tan LYE. Social inclusion among mental health service users: A reliability test of the Mini-SCOPE Scale. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:1847-1855. [PMID: 30667133 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reliability of the Mini-SCOPE scale through interitem consistency and test-retest consistency, as well as the initial correlation with outcome measures of recovery. BACKGROUND Adapted from a UK, Social and Communities Opportunities Profile (Mini-SCOPE) is a short version of an social inclusion measurement for English-speaking persons in recovery (PIR) in Singapore. Prior concept mapping sets the stage for this reliability study. DESIGN This study adopted a nonexperimental, pre- and postdesign to validate the psychosocial measurement tool for community services. METHOD Convenient sampling was conducted at the various designated clinics. A total of 170 voluntary participants from psychiatric outpatient clinics were recruited for this study. It evaluated the 4-week interval test-retest reliability of the Mini-SCOPE. "AGREE" equator checklist was completed to guide the reporting of clinical practice. "See Supporting Information File S1." RESULT Outcome demonstrated that the Mini-SCOPE scale has good strength of reliability. CONCLUSION This study showed that the Mini-SCOPE measurement has the potential to be used for programme evaluation in mental health settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Applicable to nurses and other mental health professionals to consider the social and wellness aspects of the patients in their care when planning appropriate services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Lung Marcus Chiu
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Li Yan Elysia Tan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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O'Donnell P, O'Donovan D, Elmusharaf K. Measuring social exclusion in healthcare settings: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2018; 17:15. [PMID: 29391016 PMCID: PMC5796599 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-018-0732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social exclusion is a concept that has been widely debated in recent years; a particular focus of the discussion has been its significance in relation to health. The meanings of the phrase “social exclusion”, and the closely associated term “social inclusion”, are contested in the literature. Both of these concepts are important in relation to health and the area of primary healthcare in particular. Thus, several tools for the measurement of social exclusion or social inclusion status in health care settings have been developed. Methods A scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted to examine tools developed since 2000 that measure social exclusion or social inclusion. We focused on those measurement tools developed for use with individual patients in healthcare settings. Efforts were made to obtain a copy of each of the original tools, and all relevant background literature. All tools retrieved were compared in tables, and the specific domains that were included in each measure were tabulated. Results Twenty-two measurement tools were included in the final scoping review. The majority of these had been specifically developed for the measurement of social inclusion or social exclusion, but a small number were created for the measurement of other closely aligned concepts. The majority of the tools included were constructed for engaging with patients in mental health settings. The tools varied greatly in their design, the scoring systems and the ways they were administered. The domains covered by these tools varied widely and some of the tools were quite narrow in the areas of focus. A review of the definitions of both social inclusion and social exclusion also revealed the variations among the explanations of these complex concepts. Conclusions There are several definitions of both social inclusion and social exclusion in use and they differ greatly in scope. While there are many tools that have been developed for measuring these concepts in healthcare settings, these do not have a primary healthcare focus. There is a need for the development of a tool for measuring social inclusion or social exclusion in primary healthcare settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12939-018-0732-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Donnell
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Diarmuid O'Donovan
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Room 342, Galway, Ireland
| | - Khalifa Elmusharaf
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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