1
|
Chen SZ, Zainal NH, Newman MG. Elevated depression and anxiety predict future patterns of individualistic and collectivistic cultural values: A cross-lagged longitudinal network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:310-320. [PMID: 38181844 PMCID: PMC10950001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific components of independent and interdependent self-construal have been associated with psychopathology. However, most studies on this topic have been cross-sectional, precluding causal inferences. We used contemporaneous and temporal cross-lagged network analysis to establish weak causal effects in understanding the association between self-construal and psychopathology components. METHODS Middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults (n = 3294) participated in the Midlife Development in the United States study across two time-points, spaced nine years apart. Six self-construal (interdependence: connection to others, commitment to others, receptiveness to influence; independence: behavioral consistency, sense of difference from others, self-reliance) and three psychopathology nodes (major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD) symptom severity) were examined. All network analyses controlled for age, sex, race, and number of chronic illnesses as covariates. RESULTS Contemporaneous and temporal networks yielded relations between elevated MDD and PD and increased receptiveness to influence. Heightened GAD symptom severity was associated with future increased difference from others and decreased connection to others, commitment to others, and receptiveness to influence. Higher MDD, GAD, and PD severity were associated with future lower self-reliance. Network comparison tests revealed no consistent network differences across sex and race. LIMITATIONS DSM-III-R measures of MDD, GAD, and PD were used. Results may not generalize to culturally diverse racial groups. CONCLUSIONS Changes in self-construal may result from increased MDD, GAD, and PD severity. Findings suggest the importance of targeting common mental health symptoms to positively influence how individuals view the self and others in various social contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Z Chen
- The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krieg A, Xu Y. "Unpacking" cultural differences in social anxiety between Japanese and European Americans: the roles of threat appraisal and attentional bias. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132918. [PMID: 37736154 PMCID: PMC10509556 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cultural differences in self-reported social anxiety between people of East Asian heritage and European heritage may be related to differences in independent and interdependent self-construals, which potentially influence the processing of social threat. Methods We examined the roles of two different aspects of threat bias: threat appraisal (Study 1) and attentional bias (Study 2) to explain cultural group differences in social anxiety between Japanese and European American college students. Results Study 1 demonstrated that sequential mediations of lower independent self-construal and higher appraisal of threat among Japanese could explain their higher social anxiety compared to European Americans. However, Study 2 failed to find the relation between cultural group differences in self-construals and attentional bias. In addition, the cultural group differences in attentional bias were unexpectedly due to stronger selective attention toward neutral stimuli among European Americans, rather than bias toward social threat among Japanese. After selective attention was experimentally manipulated, there were significant cultural group differences in self-reported social anxiety and anxious behavior in a speech task. Discussion These conflicting findings suggested that an alternative theoretical framework other than the self-construal theory might be needed to fully account for cultural differences in attentional bias in explaining cultural group differences in social anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krieg
- Department of Global Communication, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yiyuan Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmalbach B, Tibubos AN, Otten D, Hinz A, Decker O, Zenger M, Beutel ME, Brähler E. Regional differences in the assessment of depressive symptoms in the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e426-e436. [PMID: 36866396 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated regional differences in response behaviour for the Patient Health Quetionnaire-9. We tested for measurement invariance and differential item and test functioning between formerly divided East- and West-Germany: the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. Diverging socialization experiences in socialist versus capitalist and collectivist versus individualist systems may affect culturally sensitive assessments of mental health. SUBJECT AND METHODS To test this empirically, we used factor analytic and item-response-theoretic frameworks, differentiating between East- and West-Germans by birthplace and current residence based on several representative samples of the German general population (n = 3 802). RESULTS Across all survey, we discovered slightly higher depression sum scores for East- versus West-Germans. The majority of items did not display differential item functioning-with a crucial exception in the assessment of self-harm tendencies. The scale scores were largely invariant exhibiting only small amounts of differential test functioning. Nonetheless, they made up on average about a quarter of the observed group differences in terms of effect magnitude. CONCLUSION We explore possible causes and discuss explanations for the item-level differences. Overall, analyses of East- and West-German depressive symptom developments in the wake of reunification are feasible and statistically grounded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Schmalbach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Ana N Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Daniëlle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Oliver Decker
- Else-Frenkel-Brunswik-Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Faculty of Applied Human Studies, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases - Behavioral Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong J, Liu J, Xu G, Zheng H, Bowker J, Coplan RJ. Measurement Invariance of Two Different Short Forms of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS) in Chinese and US Samples. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The goal of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of two different commonly used short forms of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) across Chinese and US samples. Participants were 850 (52% females) Chinese and 399 (57% females) US undergraduate students. A two-factor model was identified as the best fitting baseline model for both short-forms of the SIAS and SPS. Full scalar invariance was established for the Peters short form, whereas the Fergus short form only achieved partial scalar invariance. Results of structured means analysis indicated that Chinese participants scored higher than US participants in social anxiety. Some cultural implications for the use of these two sets of short forms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhong
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Gangmin Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Shanghai Changing Mental Health Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Julie Bowker
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
When Does Self-Criticism Lead to Depression in Collectivistic Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-020-09418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Park SY, Park SY. Immigration and Language Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Asian American Adolescents and Young Adults. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:139-148. [PMID: 31515715 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of immigration and language factors on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among Asian American adolescents and young adults during three developmental periods. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, linear regression and linear probability models were used for the data analyses. A significant group difference was observed in suicidal ideation between Asian American youth who were born in the U.S. and whose families spoke English at home and all other Asian American youth. Differences between ethnic groups were found in the mean scores of depressive symptoms and the probabilities of suicidal ideation between Asian American youth and non-Hispanic white (NHW) youth. The findings of this study reveal mental health disparities between Asian American youth and NHW youth in the U.S. These results emphasize the importance of implementing culturally sensitive mental health interventions for Asian American adolescents and young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Ewha Institute for Age Integration Research, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Park
- Department of Human Service, College of Knowledge and Information Service, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Sowon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15442, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Are Women More Likely than Men Are to Care Excessively about Maintaining Positive Social Relationships? A Meta-Analytic Review of the Gender Difference in Sociotropy. SEX ROLES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-018-0980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Kalibatseva Z, Leong FTL. Cultural Factors, Depressive and Somatic Symptoms Among Chinese American and European American College Students. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022118803181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study seeks to fill a gap in the existing empirical literature about the relationship between somatic and depressive symptoms and their associations with cultural factors among Chinese American and European American college students. In particular, the study examined how three culturally relevant psychological constructs, self-construal, loss of face, and emotion regulation, associate with depressive and somatic symptoms among Chinese American and European American college students and if they can explain possible group differences in depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 204 Chinese American and 315 European American college students who completed an online survey. Based on multiple regression analyses, European American students reported higher levels of somatic symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire–15 (PHQ-15) than Chinese Americans. There was no initial group difference in depressive symptoms based on Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) scores. Correlations between depressive and somatic symptoms, independent and interdependent self-construal, and cognitive reappraisal and independent self-construal were stronger for European Americans than Chinese Americans. Somatic symptoms, loss of face, and expressive suppression were positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas independent self-construal and cognitive reappraisal were negatively associated with depressive symptoms for both groups. When controlling for gender and somatic symptoms, being Chinese American and male was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms measured with the CES-D. These ethnic and gender differences in depressive symptoms were explained by independent self-construal, loss of face, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Clinical implications include the incorporation of specific culturally relevant constructs and avoidance of race-, ethnicity-, and gender-based stereotypes to reduce health disparities in depression treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Keng SL, Soh CY. Association between childhood invalidation and borderline personality symptoms: self-construal and conformity as moderating factors. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2018; 5:19. [PMID: 30546908 PMCID: PMC6284292 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-018-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linehan (1993)'s biosocial model posits that borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms develop as a result of a transactional relationship between pre-existing emotional vulnerability and an invalidating childhood environment. Little work, however, has investigated cultural factors that may influence the relationship between childhood invalidation and BPD symptoms. The present study investigated the association between parental invalidation and BPD symptoms, and the role of conformity and self-construal as potential moderators of this association. METHODS Two hundred and ninety undergraduate students were recruited from a large university in Singapore and administered questionnaires measuring Asian values, self-construal, parental invalidation, and BPD symptomatology. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between BPD symptoms and maternal invalidation. Moderation analyses revealed a 3-way interaction, indicating that the maternal invalidation and BPD symptoms association varied by degree of conformity and self-construal. Among participants with interdependent self-construal, maternal invalidation was associated with BPD symptoms only at high conformity levels. No significant moderating effect was found among participants with independent self-construal. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study found empirical support for aspects of Linehan's biosocial model in an Asian context, and has implications for developing a culturally-informed understanding of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ling Keng
- 1Division of Social Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Yuan Soh
- 2Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang JY, Li C, Rodgers RF, Ballou M. Ethnic differences in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with medication: Comparing Asian American and white psychiatric patients. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 24:46-50. [PMID: 27931905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several meta-analyses have demonstrated the effectiveness of treatment utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with medication. There is, however, a paucity of research comparing the effectiveness of this combined treatment with psychiatric patients from different ethnic backgrounds. This study is the first of its kind to compare the effectiveness of CBT combined with medication for Asian American and White patients' psychiatric symptom severity levels of depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, and quality of life. The study examined the effects of CBT combined with medication for 43 Asian American and 43 White Non-Hispanic patients at an acute psychiatric partial hospital. A 2×2 between-within repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Results indicated significant improvement after treatment in all symptom categories assessed for the Asian American and White patients. The findings displayed trends over the course of treatment toward a greater decrease in anxiety symptoms among Asian patients but a larger increase in functioning level among White patients. In conclusion, the findings from this study provide preliminary cross-cultural support for CBT combined with medication as a treatment in partial hospital settings and suggest that the effectiveness of such treatments is similar across cultural groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Tang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Cypress Counseling Center, 3135S. State St., #108, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States.
| | - Chieh Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Mary Ballou
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parker SC, Majid H, Stewart KL, Ahrens AH. No thanks! Autonomous interpersonal style is associated with less experience and valuing of gratitude. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:1627-1637. [PMID: 27844504 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1256274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gratitude has been promoted as a beneficial emotional experience. However, gratitude is not universally experienced as positive. The current work examines whether an autonomous interpersonal style is associated with differential experience of gratitude. Study 1 found an inverse relationship between trait autonomy and both trait gratitude and positivity of response to receiving a hypothetical benefit from a friend. Study 2 replicated the finding that those higher in autonomy report less trait gratitude, and also demonstrated an inverse relationship between autonomy and valuing gratitude. Study 3 found that those higher in autonomy had more self-image goals and reduced compassionate goals in relationships, and that valuing gratitude mediated the relationship between autonomy and relationship goals. These results show a consistent inverse relationship between autonomy and the experience and valuing of gratitude, suggesting that degree of autonomy is one determinant of whether gratitude is experienced as positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Parker
- a Department of Psychology , American University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Haseeb Majid
- a Department of Psychology , American University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Kate L Stewart
- a Department of Psychology , American University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Anthony H Ahrens
- a Department of Psychology , American University , Washington , DC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krieg A, Xu Y, Cicero DC. Comparing Social Anxiety Between Asian Americans and European Americans: An Examination of Measurement Invariance. Assessment 2016; 25:564-577. [PMID: 27364002 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116656438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There have been over 30 studies and two meta-analyses comparing social anxiety between Asian Americans and European Americans. However, few have investigated the invariance of social anxiety measures that would make these comparisons appropriate. In the current study, we systematically examined psychometric properties and configural, metric, and scalar invariance of five social anxiety measures and four short forms that have been used more than once to compare Asian Americans ( n = 232) and European Americans ( n = 193). We found that four (i.e., SPS-6, SIAS-6, SPS, and SPAI-18) of the nine scales were scalar invariant, three scales (i.e., SIAS, SPAI, and B-FNES) only achieved configural invariance, and two scales (i.e., FNES and SADS) failed to achieve configural invariance. Latent mean comparisons based on the scalar invariant measures revealed higher social anxiety scores for Asian Americans than European Americans. The findings are discussed with regard to the issues and challenges when comparing social anxiety among different cultural and ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiyuan Xu
- 1 University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Predictors of acculturation attitudes among professional Chinese immigrants in the Australian workplace. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProfessional Chinese immigrants (PCIs) are expected to substantially contribute to the relief of skills shortage and the bolstering of Australia’s economic and social development. However, they have encountered many adjustment difficulties arising from cultural and social differences after entering into the Australian workplace. There is a dearth of research to shed light on the adaptation of PCIs in Australia. To bridge this gap, this paper investigates PCIs’ acculturation preference and explores the predictors of each acculturation attitude. Our survey of a sample of 220 PCIs revealed that PCIs have a predominant preference to maintain their home culture, whereas logistic regressions revealed that length of residence in the host country, English proficiency, perceived social support at work and interdependent self-construal could predict the acculturation choices among PCIs. This study provides valuable information for managers and organizations in developing effective acculturation programs to assist immigrant employees with adaptation to a new workplace.
Collapse
|
14
|
Differentiation of Self and Well-being: The Moderating Effect of Self-construal. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-014-9311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Taniguchi E, Aune RK. Communication with parents and body satisfaction in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2013; 61:387-396. [PMID: 24010493 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2013.820189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined how communication with parents is related to college students' body satisfaction. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants (N = 134; 58 males and 76 females) completed a survey in March 2011 assessing body satisfaction and perceptions of communication with mothers and fathers. RESULTS Daughters' body satisfaction was negatively correlated with perceptions of problematic communication with mothers and fathers. Sons' body satisfaction was positively correlated with open communication with their mothers and negatively correlated with problematic communication with their mothers. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated problematic communication with mothers was the most powerful predictor of daughters' body satisfaction, whereas open communication with mothers was the best predictor of sons' body satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Taniguchi
- a Department of Communicology , University of Hawai'i at Mānoa , Honolulu , Hawai'i
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Su JC, Lee RM, Oishi S. The Role of Culture and Self-Construal in the Link Between Expressive Suppression and Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022112443413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of research on expressive suppression and health outcomes has been conducted in the United States, but little is known about how expressive suppression relates to the functioning of individuals living in other parts of the world. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-cultural study of Chinese Singaporean and European American college students, focusing on the relation between frequency of expressive suppression and self-reported depressive symptoms. Consistent with self-construal theory, the suppression-depression link depends on cultural background and the type of emotion involved. Expressive suppression involving positive socially disengaging emotions (e.g., pride) was associated with higher depressive symptoms for European Americans but not for Chinese Singaporeans. This cultural difference was mediated by independent self-construal. No cultural differences were found in the suppression-depression link when positive socially engaging emotions (e.g., respect) were involved. These findings underscore the importance of developing a more nuanced understanding of the relation between expressive suppression and psychological functioning to better inform theory and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C. Su
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carter MM, Mitchell FE, Sbrocco T. Treating ethnic minority adults with anxiety disorders: current status and future recommendations. J Anxiety Disord 2012; 26:488-501. [PMID: 22417877 PMCID: PMC3913267 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The past three decades have witnessed an increase in the number of empirical investigations examining the phenomenology of anxiety and related conditions. There has also been an increase in efforts to understand differences that may exist between ethnic groups in the expression of the anxiety disorders. In addition, there is now substantial evidence that a variety of treatment approaches (most notably behavioral and cognitive behavioral) are efficacious in remediating anxiety. However, there continues to be comparatively few treatment outcome studies investigating the efficacy of anxiety treatments among minority populations. In this paper, we review the extant treatment outcome research for African American, Hispanic/Latino[a] American, Asian American, and Native Americans suffering with one of the anxiety disorders. We discuss some of the specific problems with the research in this area, and then provide specific recommendations for conducting treatment outcome research with minority populations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Carter
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|