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Leota J, Faulkner P, Mazidi S, Simpson D, Nash K. Neural rhythms of narcissism: Facets of narcissism are associated with different neural sources in resting-state EEG. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4907-4921. [PMID: 39073208 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Trait narcissism is characterized by significant heterogeneity across individuals. Despite advances in the conceptualization of narcissism, including the increasing recognition that narcissism is a multidimensional construct, the sources of this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here, we used a neural trait approach to help better understand "how," and shed light on "why," individuals vary in facets of trait narcissism. Participants (N = 58) first completed personality measures, including the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and then in a second session sat passively while resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) was recorded. We then regressed source-localized rs-EEG activity on the distinct facets of narcissism: Grandiose Exhibitionism (GE), Entitlement/Exploitativeness (EE), and Leadership/Authority (LA). Results revealed that each facet was associated with different (though sometimes overlapping) neural sources. Specifically, GE was associated with reduced activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC). EE was associated with reduced activation in the DMPFC and right lateral PFC. LA was associated with increased activation in the left anterior temporal cortex. These findings support the idea that trait narcissism is a multidimensional construct undergirded by individual differences in neural regions related to social cognition (the DMPFC), self-regulation (right lateral PFC), and self-referential processing (left anterior temporal cortex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paige Faulkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shafa Mazidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Vulnerable narcissism, fear of missing out (FoMO) and addictive social media use: A gender comparison from Germany. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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3
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Why and When Narcissistic Employees Are More Creative in the Workplace? A Social Cognitive Perspective. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The question of whether narcissists are more creative than peers has attracted much scholarly attention in both psychology and organizational management sciences. Drawing from social cognitive theory, we theorized that the relationship between narcissism and creativity could be explained by individual creative self-efficacy, which depends on one's direct and vicarious experiences of creativity. Drawing from trait activation theory, we further proposed organizational valuing of creativity as a key contextual moderator that determines whether narcissism facilitates or inhibits creative self-efficacy and, in turn, creativity. We suggest that high organizational valuing of creativity will energize narcissists to put their attention and effort into both direct and vicarious experiences of creativity, enhancing their creative self-efficacy and creativity. We tested our conceptual model through a field study with data collected from 269 full-time employees working in 86 work teams. The empirical results provided support for the social cognitive explanation for the positive relationship between narcissism and creativity in the context of high organizational valuing of creativity. Our study not only resolved prior debates on the relationship between narcissism and creativity but also provided direct empirical support for social cognitive theory and the person-in-context interactionist perspective of creativity research.
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Wang X, Zhang S, Xin T. Item Response Theory Analysis of the Dark Factor of Personality Scale for College Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12787. [PMID: 36232116 PMCID: PMC9564954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Dark Factor of Personality (D) describes the common core of dark traits and is a stable indicator for socially aversive behaviors. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Dark Factor of Personality Scale for college students using item response theory (IRT). A total of 762 students-251 males and 511 females (M = 19.99, SD = 1.30)-were recruited. Item response theory methods were utilized to evaluate the properties of the scale. Four items with poor item properties were excluded, obtaining a final 28-item scale (D28-C) that included highly discriminative items showing high measurement precision in various levels of the D factor. Furthermore, a test of differential item functioning (DIF) by gender was conducted. The result indicated that the scale as a whole could be seen as gender invariant. Lastly, according to the detailed information provided by IRT and the content of items, a reliable short form of the D28-C comprising 15 items was obtained. The study enriched the existing knowledge of the dark factor of personality in the Chinese background and made some revisions to the corresponding scale to make it a more reliable tool for measurement in China. In addition, the shortened version of the scale based on item information and content helps to improve the efficiency of the measurement.
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He ZZ, Yu S. A closer look at grandiose narcissism: A revised version of the narcissistic personality inventory using a single-stimulus Likert format among Chinese adolescents and adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leniarska M, Zajenkowski M. Why Narcissism Reduces Distress: The Consequences of Narcissistic Intellectual Self-Confidence. Front Psychol 2022; 12:668257. [PMID: 35185662 PMCID: PMC8850911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between grandiose narcissism and the feeling of distress. We referred to the narcissistic admiration and rivalry model. We hypothesized that people with high narcissistic admiration would experience less distress and fear and that intellectual self-confidence would account for this relationship. We examined two dimensions of grandiose narcissism using Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, self-assessed intelligence, and various aspects of distress in two studies. In Study 1 (N = 170), we assessed distress (with the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire), related to performance in an intelligence test (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices), and in Study 2 (N = 258) we measured fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In both studies, narcissistic admiration was inversely related to distress/fear, and this relationship was fully mediated by self-assessed intelligence. Narcissistic rivalry was unrelated to both distress and self-assessed intelligence. These findings emphasize the importance of self-views related to intelligence for those with high narcissistic admiration. In particular, intellectual self- confidence plays an important role in reducing distress among narcissists.
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Into the heart of darkness: A person-centered exploration of the Dark Triad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang J, Cui R, Stolarz-Fantino S, Fantino E, Liu X. Differences in Mood, Optimism, and Risk-Taking Behavior Between American and Chinese College Students. Front Psychol 2022; 12:781609. [PMID: 35145455 PMCID: PMC8823508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood and optimism have been demonstrated to influence risk-taking decisions; however, the literature on mood, optimism, and decision-making is mixed and conducted primarily with western samples. This study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the impact of mood and dispositional optimism on risk-taking and whether these associations differed between undergraduate students from the United States (N = 141) and the People’s Republic of China (N = 90). Both samples completed a dispositional optimism questionnaire and an autobiographical mood induction task. They were then tasked with choosing to complete the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices reasoning task on easy, medium, or hard difficulty for hypothetical money. Selecting harder difficulties was interpreted as more risk-taking due to a higher chance of failure. More positive mood and higher dispositional optimism were associated with decreased risk-taking, i.e., selecting easier puzzle difficulties, in the American sample but increased risk-taking decisions, i.e., selecting harder difficulties, in the Chinese sample (p < 0.05 for all). These findings suggest that the effect of mood and optimism on decision-making may differ by nationality and/or culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Center for Ideological and Political Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jiao Wang,
| | - Ruifeng Cui
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Edmund Fantino
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Fatfouta R, Sawicki A, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M. Are individualistic societies really more narcissistic than collectivistic ones? A five-world region cross-cultural re-examination of narcissism and its facets. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li H. Confidence Charms: How Superstition Influences Overconfidence Bias in Han and the Qiang Ethnic Minority Chinese. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:473-488. [PMID: 33983873 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1902918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The overconfidence effect is a cognitive bias in which individuals' subjective confidence in their judgements is greater than their actual performance. Extending beyond a range of contributing factors in the emergence of the overconfidence bias, the present research examines whether superstition, an under-explored yet important factor, can influence people's perceived level of confidence. Drawing on previous findings regarding the consequences of superstitions, we propose that activating the good-luck-related superstitions can increase overconfidence in one's judgment. Specifically, Experiments 1 and 2 show that Chinese Han student and non-student participants, who were activated by different types of superstitions, displayed a higher level of overconfidence than those in the absence of superstition. Experiment 3 fully replicated the causal effect of superstition beliefs on the heightened overconfidence bias in a traditional population of Chinese Qiang people. Moreover, Experiments 1 through 3 consistently show that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between superstition and overconfidence. Taken together, these findings suggest that superstition strengthens people's belief in their own performance ability, which in turn boosts overconfidence.
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11
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The bright and dark personality correlates of creative potentials, creative activities, and creative achievements. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Lan X. Disengaged and highly harsh? Perceived parenting profiles, narcissism, and loneliness among adolescents from divorced families. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Differences in dark triad personality: Evidence from China and the USA. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vogt RL, Cheng JT, Briley DA. Childhood growth in math and reading differentially predicts adolescent non-ability-based confidence: An examination in the SECCYD. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 83-84. [PMID: 33281424 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-ability-based confidence is one of the most pervasive human psychological biases. It is a part of a family of confidence judgments, including overconfidence and metacognitive calibration accuracy, defined by a discrepancy between self-perception of ability and actual ability. Across many domains, most people exhibit some degree of miscalibration in their confidence. Some people may be overconfident and others are underconfident. Despite the prevalence of non-ability-based confidence, relatively little research has investigated how non-ability-based confidence develops and why some people are more or less confident than others despite sharing the same level of ability. We use a longitudinal dataset to explore the childhood predictors of adolescent non-ability-based confidence. Achievement growth in math and reading in childhood was modeled and used to predict adolescent non-ability-based confidence in math and reading. Results show that the initial level of achievement predicts lower non-ability-based confidence in math. On the other hand, a faster rate of achievement growth across childhood predicts greater non-ability-based confidence in reading. These results highlight how previous experiences inform people's self-perceptions over and above their true abilities. Discussion focuses on the factors that shape non-ability-based confidence over the lifespan and the limitations of the current findings.
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Sedikides C. In Search of Narcissus. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 25:67-80. [PMID: 33229145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Narcissism, a trait reflecting egocentric exceptionalism and social selfishness, has captured scholarly interest due to its intricate composition and social implications. The construct is polyhedric, comprising several key forms: grandiose versus vulnerable, agentic versus communal, admirative versus rivalrous, collective versus individual. These forms can be integrated into structural models that add predictive power or process models that add explanatory power. The narcissistic nucleus is argued, and partly shown, to be brittle in the face of self-threat. The nucleus may derive from being overvalued, or inconsistently socialised, by parents. Narcissism entails intrapersonal benefits, as it can confer psychological health, buffer against adversity, and facilitate performance. But it can also be an interpersonal and societal liability, partly remediable with narcissism-reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Johnson LK. Narcissistic people, not narcissistic nations: Using multilevel modelling to explore narcissism across countries. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leder J, Foster JD, Schütz A. Willing to do what others won't: Narcissism, risk-taking, and social approval. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ronay R, Oostrom JK, Lehmann-Willenbrock N, Mayoral S, Rusch H. Playing the trump card: Why we select overconfident leaders and why it matters. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gao S, Thomaes S, Van Den Noortgate W, Xie X, Zhang X, Wang S. Recent changes in narcissism of Chinese youth: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 2008–2017. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brailovskaia J, Teismann T, Zhang XC, Margraf J. Grandiose narcissism, depression and suicide ideation in Chinese and German students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Żemojtel‐Piotrowska M, Piotrowski J, Rogoza R, Baran T, Hitokoto H, Maltby J. Cross‐cultural invariance of NPI‐13: Entitlement as culturally specific, leadership and grandiosity as culturally universal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 54:439-447. [DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Radosław Rogoza
- Institute of Psychology, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski in WarsawInstitute of Psychology Warszawa Poland
| | - Tomasz Baran
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw Warszawa Poland
| | | | - John Maltby
- Biological Sciences, and PsychologyUniversity of Leicester, College of Medicine Leicester UK
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Guenther CL, Kokotajlo C. Psychological momentum and risky decision-making. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jts5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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