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Xu L, Luo Y, Wen X, Sun Z, Chao C, Xia T, Xu L. Human Personality Is Associated with Geographical Environment in Mainland China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10819. [PMID: 36078533 PMCID: PMC9517826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent psychological research shown that the places where we live are linked to our personality traits. Geographical aggregation of personalities has been observed in many individualistic nations; notably, the mountainousness is an essential component in understanding regional variances in personality. Could mountainousness therefore also explain the clustering of personality-types in collectivist countries like China? Using a nationwide survey (29,838 participants) in Mainland China, we investigated the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and mountainousness indicators at the provincial level. Multilevel modelling showed significant negative associations between the elevation coefficient of variation (Elevation CV) and the Big Five personality traits, whereas mean elevation (Elevation Mean) and the standard deviation in elevation (Elevation STD) were positively associated with human personalities. Subsequent machine learning analyses showed that, for example, Elevation Mean outperformed other mountainousness indicators regarding correlations with neuroticism, while Elevation CV performed best relative to openness models. Our results mirror some previous findings, such as the positive association between openness and Elevation STD, while also revealing cultural differences, such as the social desirability of people living in China's mountainous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanyang Luo
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zaoyi Sun
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chiju Chao
- Department of Information Art and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianshu Xia
- Financial Big Data Research Institute, Sunyard Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liuchang Xu
- Financial Big Data Research Institute, Sunyard Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310053, China
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310063, China
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Thalmayer AG, Saucier G, Rotzinger JS. Absolutism, Relativism, and Universalism in Personality Traits Across Cultures: The Case of the Big Five. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Personality is a broad concept used to organize the myriad ways that people differ psychologically from one another. There is evidence that such differences have been important to humans everywhere, in that personality-relevant terms appear in all known languages. Empirical attempts to identify the most useful individual differences and their structure have emphasized cross-cultural evidence, but rigid adherence to a Big Five model has sometimes meant ignoring heterogenous results. We start with a framework for more precisely defining the universality versus cultural-specificity of personality concepts and models in order to better assess cross-cultural evidence. As this 50th anniversary of the IACCP is also the 50th anniversary of the first large lexical study of personality and more or less of the Big Five model, we take the opportunity to explore both how personality has been studied across contexts using the lexical method, and in 100 articles on personality topics (most using questionnaires) that were identified in the pages of JCCP. Personality articles in JCCP, classified into three types based on their balance of emic and etic components, illustrate larger trends in personality psychology. With the benefit of hindsight, we reflect on what each type has to offer going forward, and we encourage cross-cultural personality psychologists to go beyond imposed etic studies that seek primarily to confirm Western models in other contexts. The kinds of insights that more integrative emic and etic approaches can bring to the study of psychology across cultures are highlighted, and a future research agenda is provided.
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Correlates of Acculturation Strategies: Personality, Coping, and Outcome. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This contribution reviews correlates of Berry’s acculturation strategies. The aim was to offer a differentiated overview of correlates that may come into play during different phases of the acculturation process, as antecedents, as concurrent correlates, and as outcome variables. Building on a literature search and previous review papers, k = 61 independent publications ( N = 40,505) were identified. Correlates of acculturation strategies were grouped into 35 variables pertaining to diverse domains, and mixed-effects models were estimated to derive the mean magnitude of the relation. The correlates comprised basic dimensions of personality belonging to the giant three, big five, alternative five, and multicultural personality taxonomies. Further, more specific traits were investigated, including field dependence and dogmatism. The next group comprised the experience of stress and negative emotions as well as different coping styles. Finally, a selection of psychological and health-related correlates as well as a selection of sociocultural adjustment variables were investigated. Results indicate that the acculturation strategies possess differential patterns of relations, thereby supporting a multi-dimensional acculturation model. Generally, integration was characterized by a pattern of correlates that facilitate interacting with other people, coping successfully with stress, and beneficial outcome variables. Marginalization revealed an opposite pattern of relationships in many cases. Assimilation and separation fell in between the other acculturation strategies.
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Singh JK, Misra G, De Raad B. Personality Structure in the Trait Lexicon of Hindi, a Major Language Spoken in India. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The psycho–lexical approach is extended to Hindi, a major language spoken in India. From both the dictionary and from Hindi novels, a huge set of personality descriptors was put together, ultimately reduced to a manageable set of 295 trait terms. Both self and peer ratings were collected on those terms from a sample of 511 participants. Factor analyses (principal components analysis), performed separately on self and on peer ratings, suggested three up to six factors. From a comparison with an ancient but still popular system of personality description, called the triguna, and from a comparison with a recently developed comprehensive trait taxonomy in Dutch, it was concluded that only three factors, not to be confused with the Big Three, firmly stood out, all three belonging to the three–dimensional triguna. Congruence coefficients between factors based on self and on peer ratings confirmed the stability of these three factors. The three factors are called rajasic, representing ambition, friendliness, humility versus hypocrisy, deception and violence, tamasic, representing egoism, mean mindedness and concealment, and finally sattvic, representing competence, impartiality, being organized, sober and harmonious. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K. Singh
- Defence R&D Organization, Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR), Delhi, India
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Realo A, Koido K, Ceulemans E, Allik J. Three components of individualism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this article, following an assumption that individualism and collectivism are separate factors, we have further established that three central components of individualism can be distinguished. In the first part of the article we examined whether the three proposed components of individualism—autonomy, mature self‐responsibility, and uniqueness—can be distinguished from each other in one cultural context, Estonia. A new scale was developed to measure the three aspects of individualism which demonstrated both the reasonable internal‐consistency reliability as well as convergent and divergent validity with several other measures of individualism and collectivism and related constructs. In the second part of the article we studied whether individualism generalizes across specific contexts or domains of social relationships, namely, across relations with family and close others; friends and peers; state and nation. The results of the three‐mode principal component analysis showed that the individualistic tendencies of the respondents did not differ much while measured toward the three types of social relation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Realo
- University of Leuven, Belgium
- University of Tartu, Estonia
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Church AT. Prospects for an integrated trait and cultural psychology. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Church (2000) discussed a possible integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives, two dominant theoretical approaches in the study of culture and personality. In this article, I summarise the results of cross‐cultural studies we have conducted to test elements of this integrated perspective, discuss prospects for an integrated approach, and note future research needs. The studies address the measurement of implicit theories regarding the traitedness versus contextuality of behaviour; culture, method, and the content of self‐concepts; culture and explanations of everyday behaviours; accuracy and self‐enhancement in trait assessments; cross‐role consistency and its relation to adjustment; and cross‐situational consistency and trait prediction of daily behaviour. Our results, and those of other researchers, indicate that an integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives has potential. However, some findings suggest that cultural psychology hypotheses may be more consistently supported in comparisons of Americans with selected Asian cultures than in comparisons of individualistic and collectivistic cultures more generally. Thus, an integrated perspective may need to be recast using theoretical perspectives that go beyond individualism–collectivism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Timothy Church
- Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Schmitt DP. The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16 362 participants from 52 nations responded to measures of the Big Five and ‘risky’ sexuality. It was expected that low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness would be universally associated with relationship infidelity. Sexual promiscuity, in contrast, was expected to positively relate to extraversion and neuroticism. Analyses across 10 world regions revealed relationship infidelity was universally associated with low agreeableness and low conscientiousness. Sexual promiscuity was somewhat related to these traits as well, but was more highly related to extraversion across many, but not all, world regions. Both forms of risky sexual behaviour were generally unrelated to neuroticism and openness across cultures. Discussion focuses on possible explanations of regional differences in personality–sexuality linkages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Herde CN, Lievens F, Solberg EG, Harbaugh JL, Strong MH, J. Burkholder G. Situational Judgment Tests as Measures of 21st Century Skills: Evidence across Europe and Latin America. REVISTA DE PSICOLOGÍA DEL TRABAJO Y DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES 2019. [DOI: 10.5093/jwop2019a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Priyadharshini SK, Ganesh LS, Kondaveeti B. Personality, Culture and Career Assessment. PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPING SOCIETIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0971333618792950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on indigenisation of personality measures, including adaptations of existing, well-established Western ones, and justifies in detail the need in India. It is evident that despite over 200 ‘indigenous’ instruments mentioned in the National Library of Educational and Psychological Tests, apparently none has gained widespread awareness even among practitioners, not to mention anything about their use. These instruments seem to lack adequate, scientific evidence of their reliability, validity and/or documentation. Also, they do not appear to be featured in the literature. The indigenisation efforts and developments in other Asian countries are discussed. The cross-cultural applications of Western tools are deliberated upon. To capture the real essence of local culture and cultural understanding, we propose the need for a combined etic–emic approach to indigenisation, and briefly discuss other approaches as a way to appreciate both, the universality and the cultural sensitivity reflecting personality in the sample. The article ends with a suggestion to develop, validate, test and use indigenised personality measures by spreading awareness of their value in various socio-culturally distinct contexts like India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. S. Ganesh
- Professor, Department of Management Studies, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dzokoto VAA, Schug J, Adonu J, Nguyen C. Marriage is like a groundnut, you must crack it to see what is inside: Examining romantic relationship rules in Akan proverbs. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2018. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.v12i1.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proverbs are a valuable part of African culture. They transmit messages of shared, communal values about different facets of life inter-generationally. In an exploration of one West-African ethnic group, the Akan, the present study investigates messages that proverbs communicate about interpersonal relationships. A total of 79 Akan proverbs that addressed romantic relationships were examined using thematic analysis. The main components of advocated values as captured in the proverbs were identified. The thematic analysis determined that Akan romantic relationships tend to lean towards a “work-it-out” approach as opposed to the “soul mate” approach typical of Western romantic relationship norms. Overall, this study demonstrates that analyzing cultural artifacts such as proverbs can teach us about cultural rules that define relationships.
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11
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One definition, different manifestations: Investigating ethical leadership in the Chinese context. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-016-9495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Hagger MS, Biddle SJH, Chow EW, Stambulova N, Kavussanu M. Physical Self-Perceptions in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022103255437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the generalizability of the form, structural parameters, and latent means of a hierarchical multidimensional model of physical self-perceptions in adolescents from three cultures. A children's version of the physical self-perception profile (PSPP-C) was administered to samples of British, Hong Kong, and Russian high school students. A structural equation model that hypothesized a hierarchical structure with global self-esteem as a super ordinate construct and physical self-worth as a domain-level construct governing the PSPP-C subdomains fit the data adequately. Tests of the cross-cultural generalizability of the proposed model supported the invariance of the factor pattern and model parameters across the samples. Latent means analysis suggested that the factor means were significantly higher in the British sample, a finding that supports the results of cross-cultural studies of self-esteem in other domains.
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Abstract
Research in cultural psychology suggests that person is a social and collective construction made possible through an individual's participation in the practices and meanings of a given cultural context. This perspective can make a contribution to some contemporary controversies in personality. In the current article, it is argued that although most conceptions of personality in academic psychology are rooted in a model of the person as independent, in many Asian cultures, personality is constructed on the basis of an alternative model of the person as interdependent. In these cultures, then, personality is experienced and understood as behavior that is characteristic of the person in relationship with others in particular social contexts. Some initial evidence is reviewed and questions for future research are suggested.
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Paunonen SV, Zeidner M, Engvik HA, Oosterveld P, Maliphant R. The Nonverbal Assessment of Personality in Five Cultures. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022100031002005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire, a structured nonverbal measure of Murray’s needs, and the Personality Research Form, a standard verbal measure of the same traits, were administered to respondents in five countries: Canada, England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Israel. Analysis of the nonverbal scales showed generally good levels of internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity when compared against their verbal counterparts. Furthermore, meta-analyses of factor structure of both the nonverbal and verbal inventories showed a very clear organization to the personality traits assessed. The factors, based on data combined across cultures, resembled the Big Five factors of personality.
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Westerhof GJ, Dittmann-Kohli F, Katzko MW. Individualism and Collectivism in the Personal Meaning System of Elderly Adults. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022100031006001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two problems in cross-cultural research are the increasingly complex definitions of individualism and collectivism and the relation between culture and self. A cultural psychological perspective on the construction of meaning can address both problems. In attributing meaning to self and life, people appropriate cultural values so that even the most authentic level of experience, the self, is culturally constituted. People are expected to use different attributes of individualism and collectivism in qualitatively different ways in relation to age-specific life contexts. The meaning of self and life was studied among American and Congolese elderly by the use of a sentence completion task. Each group showed a qualitatively different constellation of individualism and collectivism beyond cultural differences in the level of individualism and collectivism.
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Schmitt DP, Allik J, McCrae RR, Benet-Martínez V. The Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022106297299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. People from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of the current data set and important directions for future research.
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Cheung FM, Cheung SF, Leung K, Ward C, Leong F. The English Version of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022103034004004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article examines the structure of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI), an indigenous Chinese assessment instrument, in two English-speaking samples. In Study 1, the English version of the CPAI was developed and administered to a sample of 675 Singaporean Chinese. Factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the English version CPAI was similar to the structure of the original Chinese version in the normative sample. Joint factor analysis of the English version CPAI and the NEO-FFI showed that the Interpersonal Relatedness factor of the CPAI was not covered by the NEO-FFI, whereas the Openness domain of the NEO-FFI was not covered by the CPAI. In Study 2, the English version CPAI was administered to a Caucasian American sample. The factor structure was similar to those of the Singaporean sample and Chinese normative sample. The implications of administering the CPAI in non-Chinese cultures are discussed.
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Roccas S, Sagiv L, Schwartz SH, Knafo A. The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167202289008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors relate Big Five personality traits to basic values in a sample of 246 students. As hypothesized, Agreeableness correlates most positively with benevolence and tradition values, Openness with self-direction and universalism values, Extroversion with achievement and stimulation values, and Conscientiousness with achievement and conformity values. Correlations of values with facets of the five factors reveal nuances of the facets and clarify ambiguities in the meanings of the factors. Values and personality traits exhibit different patterns of correlation with religiosity and positive affect. Findings support the idea that the influence of values on behavior depends more on cognitive control than does the influence of traits.
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Melchers MC, Li M, Haas BW, Reuter M, Bischoff L, Montag C. Similar Personality Patterns Are Associated with Empathy in Four Different Countries. Front Psychol 2016; 7:290. [PMID: 27014115 PMCID: PMC4781828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Empathy is an important human ability associated with successful social interaction. It is currently unclear how to optimally measure individual differences in empathic processing. Although the Big Five model of personality is an effective model to explain individual differences in human experience and behavior, its relation to measures of empathy is currently not well understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality concept and two commonly used measures for empathy [Empathy Quotient (EQ), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)] in four samples from China, Germany, Spain, and the United States of America. This approach was designed to advance the way the Big Five personality model can be used to measure empathy. We found evidence of medium effect sizes for associations between personality and empathy, with agreeableness and conscientiousness as the most important predictors of affective and cognitive empathy (measured by the respective IRI subscales) as well as for a one-dimensional empathy score (measured by the EQ). Empathy in a fictional context was most closely related to openness to experience while personal distress was first of all related to neuroticism. In terms of culture, we did not observe any distinct pattern concerning cultural differences. These results support the cross-cultural applicability of the EQ and the IRI and indicate structurally similar associations between personality and empathy across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Li
- Student Counseling Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing, China
| | - Brian W Haas
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia Athens, GA, USA
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of BonnBonn, Germany; Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Lena Bischoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
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Lievens F, Corstjens J, Sorrel MÁ, Abad FJ, Olea J, Ponsoda V. The Cross-cultural Transportability of Situational Judgment Tests: How does a US-based integrity situational judgment test fare in Spain? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijsa.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Lievens
- Department of Personnel Management and Work and Organizational Psychology; Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Jan Corstjens
- Department of Personnel Management and Work and Organizational Psychology; Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Julio Olea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Muralidharan S, La Ferle C, Sung Y. How Culture Influences the "Social" in Social Media: Socializing and Advertising on Smartphones in India and the United States. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2015; 18:356-60. [PMID: 25977980 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the mobile phone is evidenced by predictions that there will be 1.76 billion smartphone users worldwide at the start of 2015. A country that is spearheading this movement toward the digital era is India. To illustrate this, India is expected to surpass the United States in 2015 and record the second highest smartphone sales globally. Despite the rising penetration and adoption of smartphones, there is limited advertising research that sheds light on the Indian smartphone user. The current study aims to fill that void by cross-culturally comparing a national online panel of smartphone users from India (n=158) with users from the United States (n=114). Findings reveal that entertainment impacts Indians' attitudes toward smartphone advertising while informativeness is stronger for the American sample. Collectivism was found to be the driving force behind socializing activities on social networking sites for Indian consumers. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie La Ferle
- 1 Temerlin Advertising Institute, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
| | - Yongjun Sung
- 2 Department of Psychology, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
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Manroop L, Boekhorst JA, Harrison JA. The influence of cross-cultural differences on job interview selection decisions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2013.777675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koh H, Lee E, Kang S. The Effects of a Cooperative Learning Strategy by Level of Students' Collectivism. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2013.57.3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Stavropoulos V, Alexandraki K, Motti-Stefanidi F. Recognizing internet addiction: Prevalence and relationship to academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in urban and rural Greek high schools. J Adolesc 2013; 36:565-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xiao Z. Correlates of condom use among chinese college students in hunan province. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2012; 24:469-482. [PMID: 23016507 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2012.24.5.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to test an integrated model of condom use with a sample of 490 sexually active Chinese college students. A number of variables in the integrated model were predictors of condom use, explaining 33.4% of the variance in use. Partner communication was the strongest predictors (β = .317, SE = .038, p < .001). Self-efficacy (β = .252, SE = .076, p < .001), positive attitudes (β = .150, SE = .060, p < .001), and social norms (β = .207, SE = .080, p < .001) were also significant predictors of condom use. Additionally, peer communication marginally significantly predicted condom use (β = .089, SE = .039, p = .055). This study provides evidence of the utility of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as an effective underlying theoretical framework for HIV prevention and safe sex intervention programs in a non-Western culture. The study also provides evidence that communication with sexual partners about condom use should be one of the most important factors to be considered in the development of HIV prevention and safer sex education programs for Chinese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xiao
- Valenti School of Communication, University of Houston, Texas 77204-3002, USA.
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Tackett JL, Slobodskaya HR, Mar RA, Deal J, Halverson CF, Baker SR, Pavlopoulos V, Besevegis E. The hierarchical structure of childhood personality in five countries: continuity from early childhood to early adolescence. J Pers 2012; 80:847-79. [PMID: 22091829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood personality is a rapidly growing area of investigation within individual differences research. One understudied topic is the universality of the hierarchical structure of childhood personality. In the present investigation, parents rated the personality characteristics of 3,751 children from 5 countries and 4 age groups. The hierarchical structure of childhood personality was examined for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-factor models across country (Canada, China, Greece, Russia, and the United States) and age group (3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 years of age). Many similarities were noted across both country and age. The Five-Factor Model was salient beginning in early childhood (ages 3-5). Deviations across groups and from adult findings are noted, including the prominent role of antagonism in childhood personality and the high covariation between Conscientiousness and intellect. Future directions, including the need for more explicit attempts to merge temperament and personality models, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Tackett
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Cultural Differences and Switching of In-Group Sharing Behavior Between an American (Facebook) and a Chinese (Renren) Social Networking Site. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022111434597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has documented cultural dimensions that broadly characterize between-culture variations in Western and East Asian societies and that bicultural individuals can flexibly change their behaviors in response to different cultural contexts. In this article, we studied cultural differences and behavioral switching in the context of the fast emerging, naturally occurring online social networking, using both self-report measures and content analyses of online activities on two highly popular platforms, Facebook and Renren (the “Facebook of China”). Results showed that while Renren and Facebook are two technically similar platforms, the Renren culture is perceived as more collectivistic than the Facebook culture. Furthermore, we presented evidence for the first time that users who are members of both online cultures flexibly switch and adapt their in-group sharing behaviors in response to the online community in which they are: They perform more benevolent in-group sharing when they participate in the Renren community and less so when they participate in the Facebook community. We discussed both the theoretical and methodological implications of the current research.
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McCarthy J. Individualism and Collectivism: What Do They Have to Do With Counseling? JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2005.tb00009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Ledesma RD, Sánchez R, Díaz-Lázaro CM. Adjective checklist to assess the big five personality factors in the Argentine population. J Pers Assess 2011; 93:46-55. [PMID: 21184330 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2010.513708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop an adjective checklist to assess the Big Five personality factors in the Argentine population. The new instrument was administered to pilot (n= 112), validation (n= 372), and replication (n= 309) samples. The final version of the checklist included 67 adjectives encompassing its 5 dimensions. Factor analysis results were consistent with the Five-factor model. Internal consistency of scales was very good and convergent correlations with the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991) were substantial. Face validity, as evaluated by 2 independent raters, was good. Preliminary evidence of validity for the checklist is presented. Finally, the Adjective Checklist for Personality Assessment and BFI are compared, taking into consideration their psychometric properties in our cultural context. Study limitations and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Ledesma
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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30
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Abstract
A 13-item Individualism-Collectivism scale comprising source of identity, goal priority, mode of social relation, and norm acceptance is presented. A validation of this scale was conducted using a survey of 773 Korean employees. An exploratory factor analysis and a second-order confirmatory factor analysis supported the measure as having theoretical face validity and acceptable internal consistency reliability. Among the four facets, goal priority most strongly predicted the general Individualism-Collectivism latent factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kim
- Division of Business Administration, Sangmyung University
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31
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Testing the measurement equivalence of personality adjective items across cultures. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Standardization of the Cross-cultural[Chinese]Personality Assessment Inventory for Adolescents in Hong Kong: A Combined Emic-Etic Approach to Personality Assessment. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2008. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2008.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Church AT. Current Controversies in the Study of Personality across Cultures. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schmitt DP, Shackelford TK. Big Five Traits Related to Short-Term Mating: From Personality to Promiscuity across 46 Nations. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/147470490800600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 13,243 participants from 46 nations responded to self-report measures of personality and mating behavior. Several traits showed consistent links with short-term mating. Extraversion positively correlated with interest in short-term mating, unrestricted sociosexuality, having engaged in short-term mate poaching attempts, having succumbed to short-term poaching attempts of others, and lacking relationship exclusivity. Low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness also related to short-term mating, especially with extra-pair mating. Neuroticism and openness were associated with short-term mating as well, but these links were less consistent across sex and nation. Nation-level links between personality and sexuality replicated within-region findings, such as the strong association between national extraversion and national sociosexuality. Discussion focuses on the origins of personality-sexuality links and their implications across nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Schmitt
- Bradley University, Department of Psychology, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
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35
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Fontaine R, Richardson S. Cultural values in Malaysia: Chinese, Malays and Indians compared. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1108/13527600510798141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oishi S, Diener E, Napa Scollon C, Biswas-Diener R. Cross-situational consistency of affective experiences across cultures. J Pers Soc Psychol 2004; 86:460-72. [PMID: 15008649 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined cross-situational consistency of affective experiences using an experience-sampling method in Japan, India, and the United States. Participants recorded their moods and situations when signaled at random moments for 7 days. The authors examined relative (interindividual) consistency and absolute (within-person) consistency. They found stable interindividual differences of affective experiences across various situations (mean r =.52 for positive affect.51 for negative affect) and cultural invariance of the cross-situational consistency of affective experiences. Simultaneously, the authors found a considerable degree of within-person cross-situational variation in affective experiences, and cultural differences in within-person cross-situational consistency. Thus, global affective traits exist among non-Western samples, but the degree to which situations exert an influence on the absolute level of affective experience varies across cultures.
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Abstract
Hermann Rorschach researched the utility of his inkblot experiment to understand psychopathology and cultural differences. Contemporary research with the Rorschach has evaluated its utility as a test, although it may more properly represent a clinical method with somewhat different evaluation criteria. Recent controversy regarding the adequacy of the Rorschach as a test and the adequacy of its normative data has at times distorted and oversimplified important methodological issues inherent in the study of cultural difference. Cultural processes remain a central and inadequately examined variable in Rorschach research; an important emergent area of inquiry is the Rorschach's clinical utility as a cross-cultural assessment instrument. We review multicultural and cross-cultural methodological issues intrinsic to contemporary Rorschach research here. Consideration of cultural issues enlarges and enriches the Rorschach clinical utility debate and suggests underexplored research strategies that can contribute to its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Allen
- Department of Psychology, Univerisity of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6480, USA.
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Cheung FM. Use of Western and Indigenously Developed Personality Tests in Asia. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Spector PE, Sanchez JI, Siu OL, Salgado J, Ma J. Eastern versus Western Control Beliefs at Work: An Investigation of Secondary Control, Socioinstrumental Control, and Work Locus of Control in China and the US. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cheung FM, Leong FT, Ben-Porath YS. Psychological Assessment in Asia: Introduction to the Special Section. Psychol Assess 2003; 15:243-7. [PMID: 14593824 DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychological assessment with Asians is an important topic not only for psychologists from Asian countries but also for psychologists in multicultural societies with large populations of ethnic Asians. There is a dearth of information in the English language literature on psychological assessment for Asians. This special section is organized to review various forms of psychological assessment in Asia. The objectives of the special section are to inform test users and researchers of the issues related to cross-cultural validity of psychological assessment in Asia and to introduce examples of adapted and indigenously developed instruments that are culturally appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny M Cheung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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41
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The maturation of personality psychology: Adult personality development and psychological well-being. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Ecologies shape cultures; cultures influence the development of personalities. There are both universal and culture-specific aspects of variation in personality. Some culture-specific aspects correspond to cultural syndromes such as complexity, tightness, individualism, and collectivism. A large body of literature suggests that the Big Five personality factors emerge in various cultures. However, caution is required in arguing for such universality, because most studies have not included emic (culture-specific) traits and have not studied samples that are extremely different in culture from Western samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Triandis
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, USA.
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Abstract
The concept of personality emerged as a part of the development of individualism in the western world to understand the quality of the newborn (individual). In premodern society, roles were the elements that constituted the person. Presently, about 80% of the people (Africa, Asia, and South America) in the world still live in a collective, authoritarian system. Personality theories that have been developed in Europe and North America seem to be limited in understanding and predicting the behavior of these people. One major difference between individualistic and collective peoples is their degree of individuation from the family. Western social-political systems enable individuals at the end of their development course to form an independent personality (or self) that is unique and different from others. For westerners, personality structures and processes enable us to predict behavior. Psychopathology is attributed to an intrapsychic disorder within the personality. Typically, psychotherapy aims to restore that order. For people who live in collective social systems, individuation does not take place. Therefore, norms, values, roles, and familial authority directives predict behavior more than personality. Psychopathology among these people has to do with interpersonal disorder within the family. Therefore, psychotherapy should aim to restore that order. This manuscript suggests foundations of a new psychosocial dynamic theory of personality to better fit our understanding of people living in collective societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Dwairy
- Haifa University, PO Box 14710, Nazerat Ellit 17000, Haifa, Israel.
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Basabe N, Paez D, Valencia J, Gonzalez JL, Rimé B, Diener E. Cultural dimensions, socioeconomic development, climate, and emotional hedonic level. Cogn Emot 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930143000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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46
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Kiernan G, Laurent J, Joiner TE, Catanzaro SJ, MacLachlan M. Cross-cultural examination of the tripartite model with children: data from the Barretstown studies. J Pers Assess 2001; 77:359-79. [PMID: 11693864 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa7702_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C) and the Physiological Hyperarousal Scale for Children (PH-C) were administered to a group of 240 children from European countries to determine their utility in examining the tripartite model of anxiety and depression in a cross-cultural sample. Most of the children (n = 196) had been diagnosed with a medical illness; the remainder were siblings of these youngsters (n = 44). Only slight variations were noted in items between this sample and samples from the United States. Despite these minor differences, 3 distinct scales measuring the positive affect, negative affect, and physiological hyperarousal constructs of the tripartite model were identified. These findings illustrate that the PH-PANAS-C provides a useful measure of the tripartite model in a cross-cultural sample of youth. The findings also demonstrate that the tripartite model is generalizable to a cross-cultural milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kiernan
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College, USA
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Reynolds NL. Benchmarking international marketing research practice in UK agencies – Preliminary evidence. BENCHMARKING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1108/14635770010359892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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