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Abed MG, Abed LG, Shackelford TK. A Qualitative, Small-Sample Study of Employment Challenges for People with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38338230 PMCID: PMC10855392 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many people live with disabilities and many countries worldwide are acting to provide people with disabilities opportunities to find and sustain gainful employment. Notwithstanding, people with disabilities still do not have the same access to employment as their counterparts without disabilities. Although some research has investigated these issues in Western countries, very little research has investigated these issues in the Middle East, in general, and in Saudi Arabia, in particular. The aim of the present study is to gain an initial understanding of the employment experiences of people with disabilities and prospective employers of people with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. We identify several potential obstacles preventing people with disabilities from securing and maintaining gainful employment in Saudi Arabia. We secured qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with five prospective employers and five individuals with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. We focused on identifying barriers to employment. The impact of demographic factors such as age, gender, and education on employment opportunities was also examined. The results suggest several practical conclusions and recommendations relating to improving and enhancing opportunities for employment for people with disabilities in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned G. Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lowai G. Abed
- Department of Communication and Media Technology, College of Social Sciences and Media, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia;
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Abed MG, Abed LG, Shackelford TK. Teachers' Perceptions of Bullying in Saudi Arabian Primary Public Schools: A Small-Sample, Qualitative Case Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1859. [PMID: 38136061 PMCID: PMC10741535 DOI: 10.3390/children10121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Bullying among primary school students is a serious problem that often has multiple negative effects including poor academic performance and mental health problems. The current study used qualitative methodology to determine the role of communication in creating awareness and preventing bullying in a school setting through stakeholder intervention and bullying-prevention programs. If teachers are aware of bullying, then they are likely to take adequate measures to reduce or prevent future bullying. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 teachers working in public primary schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results provide an initial step in the Saudi Arabian context toward identifying the forms and types of school bullying, helping administrators, teachers, parents, and students reduce bullying and develop long-term plans for addressing bullying. Consideration of teachers' perceptions may enable the development and implementation of new programs for addressing bullying in primary school students. The discussion highlights future research directions and the limitations of the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned G. Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lowai G. Abed
- Department of Communication and Media Technology, College of Social Sciences and Media, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, 654 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI 48306, USA
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Vance G, Zeigler-Hill V, Meehan MM, Young G, Shackelford TK. Erectile Dysfunction, Suspicious Jealousy, and Partner-Directed Behaviors in Heterosexual Romantic Couples. Arch Sex Behav 2023; 52:3139-3153. [PMID: 37537426 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) can have negative consequences for men and their intimate partners. The purpose of the present research was to replicate and extend the results of previous studies concerning the connections that ED has with partner-directed behaviors using a sample of heterosexual romantic couples. Specifically, we used an actor-partner interdependence mediation model to examine whether the associations that ED had with men's mate retention behaviors, partner-directed insults, partner-directed violence, and partner-inflicted injuries were mediated by suspicious jealousy, but not reactive jealousy. These associations were examined in 113 romantic couples, using men's self-reports, and partner-reports provided by their female partners. Results indicated that suspicious jealousy (but not reactive jealousy) mediated the associations that ED had with men's use of partner-directed behaviors, such that higher levels of ED were associated with men experiencing more suspicious jealousy, which, in turn, was associated with more cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors, benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors, partner-directed insults, partner-directed violence, and partner-inflicted injury. However, there were some discrepancies between the reports provided by men and women such that these associations emerged more consistently in the partner-reports provided by women than in the self-reports provided by men. Discussion addresses evolutionary implications of these findings, as well as limitations of this research and directions for research concerning ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Vance
- Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
- Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Madeleine M Meehan
- Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Gracynn Young
- Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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Voegeli R, Campiche R, Biassin R, Rawlings AV, Shackelford TK, Fink B. Predictors of female age, health and attractiveness perception from skin feature analysis of digital portraits in five ethnic groups. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:672-687. [PMID: 37338195 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates the impact of skin colour, tone evenness and surface topography on ratings of age, health and attractiveness in women. In addition to subjective assessments, these effects have been quantified with objective measures derived from skin image analysis. Signs of skin ageing may manifest differently across ethnic groups. However, comparisons have been limited to research with two ethnic groups, preventing conclusions about an ethnicity-specific ranking of skin ageing signs. METHODS We report results from a multi-ethnic and multi-centre study in which faces of women (n = 180; aged 20-69 years) from five ethnic groups were imaged. Facial images were rated for age, health and attractiveness by members of the same ethnic group (each n = 120). Digital image analysis was used to quantify skin colour, gloss, tone evenness and wrinkling/sagging. We assessed associations between face ratings and skin image measurements in the total sample (i.e. all ethnic groups) and separately by ethnicity. RESULTS Skin image analysis revealed differences between ethnic groups, including skin colour, gloss, tone evenness, wrinkling and sagging. Differences in the relative predictive utility of individual skin features in accounting for ratings of age, health and attractiveness also were observed between ethnic groups. Facial wrinkling and sagging were the best predictors of face ratings in each ethnic group, with some differences in the type (or predictive magnitude) of skin features. CONCLUSION The current findings corroborate previous reports of differences between ethnic groups in female facial skin and indicate differential effects of skin features on ratings of age, health and attractiveness, within and between ethnic groups. Facial wrinkling and sagging were the best predictors of age and attractiveness ratings, and skin tone evenness and gloss had an additional role in ratings of health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernhard Fink
- Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Feigin SV, Wiebers DO, Lueddeke G, Morand S, Lee K, Knight A, Brainin M, Feigin VL, Whitfort A, Marcum J, Shackelford TK, Skerratt LF, Winkler AS. Proposed solutions to anthropogenic climate change: A systematic literature review and a new way forward. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20544. [PMID: 37867892 PMCID: PMC10585315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanity is now facing what may be the biggest challenge to its existence: irreversible climate change brought about by human activity. Our planet is in a state of emergency, and we only have a short window of time (7-8 years) to enact meaningful change. The goal of this systematic literature review is to summarize the peer-reviewed literature on proposed solutions to climate change in the last 20 years (2002-2022), and to propose a framework for a unified approach to solving this climate change crisis. Solutions reviewed include a transition toward use of renewable energy resources, reduced energy consumption, rethinking the global transport sector, and nature-based solutions. This review highlights one of the most important but overlooked pieces in the puzzle of solving the climate change problem - the gradual shift to a plant-based diet and global phaseout of factory (industrialized animal) farming, the most damaging and prolific form of animal agriculture. The gradual global phaseout of industrialized animal farming can be achieved by increasingly replacing animal meat and other animal products with plant-based products, ending government subsidies for animal-based meat, dairy, and eggs, and initiating taxes on such products. Failure to act will ultimately result in a scenario of irreversible climate change with widespread famine and disease, global devastation, climate refugees, and warfare. We therefore suggest an "All Life" approach, invoking the interconnectedness of all life forms on our planet. The logistics for achieving this include a global standardization of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) or similar measures and the introduction of a regulatory body for verification of such measures. These approaches will help deliver environmental and sustainability benefits for our planet far beyond an immediate reduction in global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Lueddeke
- Centre for the Study of Resilience and Future Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), India
| | - Serge Morand
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology (CNRS), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kelley Lee
- Pacific Institute on Pathogens, Pandemics and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Global Health Governance, Canada
| | - Andrew Knight
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Michael Brainin
- Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Austria
| | - Valery L. Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Whitfort
- Department of Professional Legal Education, Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Marcum
- Department of Philosophy, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology and Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Lee F. Skerratt
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea S. Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Butovskaya M, Adam Y, Batsevich V, Shackelford TK, Fink B. Direct and radiographic digit ratio (2D:4D) measurements of Tuvan children and adolescents from Southern Siberia: Sex differences and skeletal maturation. Early Hum Dev 2023; 184:105835. [PMID: 37517120 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mongolian-origin ethnic groups digit ratio (2D:4D; a proxy for prenatal sex-steroids) is sexually dimorphic (males < females), as reported for other ethnicities. Most studies measured 2D:4D from soft tissue (directly from the digits, or indirectly from hand scans), or from radiographs. Evidence on the correspondence of 2D:4D measurements from soft tissue with measurements from radiographic images is scarce and has not been reported for a Mongolian-origin sample. In addition, previous research has not considered relationships between 2D:4D and measures of skeletal maturity. AIM To examine (i) associations between 2D:4D measured directly from the palms with those obtained from radiographic images of the same individuals in a sample of children and adolescents from the Tuvan population in Siberia (Russian Federation), and ii) associations between 2D:4D measurements with chronological and skeletal age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants were Tuvan boys and girls aged 7 to 18 years. 2D:4D of the right and left hand was measured from soft tissue (directly from the palm) and compared with radiographic images (left hand only). In addition to finger length 2D:4D, we examined 2D:4D of the phalanges from measurements of radiographs. Skeletal age was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse method. RESULTS Sex differences (boys < girls) in measurements of 2D:4D from soft tissue and radiographs were found for total finger length and phalanges. In addition, 2D:4D measurements from radiographs correlated positively and significantly with those obtained from soft tissue. Sex predicted 2D:4D measurements from soft tissue and radiographs, but no effects of chronological/skeletal age and body height were detected. In girls (but not in boys), earlier skeletal maturity (relative to chronological age) was associated with higher 2D:4D in soft tissue measurements of both hands, radiographic 2D:4D, and 2D:4D of the proximal phalanges. CONCLUSION Consistent with reports from other ethnic groups, 2D:4D in young Tuvans was sexually dimorphic, with boys having lower 2D:4D than girls. For girls, higher 2D:4D was found for participants whose skeletal age was more advanced than chronological age. This finding was obtained from direct soft tissue and indirect radiographic measurements. Age and body height were not associated with 2D:4D, which suggests differences in hormone developmental trajectories for 2D:4D and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Butovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Adam
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Batsevich
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Bernhard Fink
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria.
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Brazil KJ, Vance G, Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK. Men's Psychopathy and Mating Effort in Intimate Relationships: Links with Jealousy and Sexual Coercion. Arch Sex Behav 2023; 52:2421-2432. [PMID: 36976407 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathic men sometimes direct sexual aggression toward prospective female partners (e.g., using sexually aggressive behavior on a first date) and such behavior may be indicative of a high mating effort strategy. Less research has investigated the role of psychopathy in men's use of sexually coercive behaviors in their intimate relationships (e.g., sexual aggression directed toward one's long-term romantic partner) or the relationship processes that might facilitate such behavior. The present study surveyed 143 heterosexual dyads to assess men's psychopathic traits and their relation to self-reports and partner-reports of men's jealousy and partner sexual coercion. Results across informant models showed that men's psychopathy was associated with higher suspicious jealousy and partner sexual coercion. Suspicious jealousy also indirectly linked men's psychopathic traits with engaging in partner sexual coercion. The findings provide novel insights using dyadic data and suggest that both psychopathy and jealousy are important for men's engagement in partner sexual coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Gavin Vance
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Abed LG, Abed MG, Shackelford TK. Saudi Arabian Perceptions of Childhood Anxiety, Parental Communication, and Parenting Style. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081142. [PMID: 37107977 PMCID: PMC10137887 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenting communication and parenting style, including expressions of fear, worry, and threat, may contribute to children's anxiety and apprehension. This study examined the degree to which perceptions of parental communication (both verbal and nonverbal) and parenting style are linked with childhood anxiety. This is among the first studies to investigate these relationships in a Saudi Arabian context. We employed a sample of 121 Saudi adults who completed questionnaires measuring perceptions of 2 parenting styles (authoritative and authoritarian), parental anxiety, and childhood anxiety. Parental communication elements such as shouting, criticism, facial expression, and body expressions were included among assessments of perceived parental anxiety, authoritative style, and authoritarian style. The results indicated that perceptions of childhood anxiety were positively associated with parental anxiety but not consistently associated with other assessed variables. This research addressed perceptions of parental communication and parenting style in the development of childhood anxiety, extending upon previous research on Western samples to a Middle Eastern sample residing in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowai G Abed
- Department of Communication and Public Relations, College of Communication and Media, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohaned G Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kardum I, Hudek-Knezevic J, Marijanović K, Shackelford TK. Predicting Mate Poaching Experiences from Personality Traits Using a Dyadic Analysis. J Sex Res 2023; 60:384-398. [PMID: 35787716 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2092586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mate poaching is "behavior intended to attract someone who is already in a romantic relationship." We investigated actor and partner effects of the five-factor personality traits and the dark triad traits on several mate poaching experiences. We used actor-partner interdependence modeling with data secured from both members of 187 heterosexual married, cohabiting and dating couples from Croatia. In a round-robin design, each participant rated their own and their partner's personality traits, and their own poaching experiences. The results showed that men's lower agreeableness had the most consistent relationship with poaching experiences in both men (actor effects) and women (partner effects). The role of other personality traits from the five-factor model was limited to specific aspects of poaching. Regarding the dark triad traits, men's psychopathy and Machiavellianism were the most consistently related to poaching experiences in both men and women, whereas narcissism did not demonstrate a consistent actor or partner effect on poaching. The results showed that men's poaching is associated with their own personality traits, whereas women's poaching with their own and their partner's personality traits. We interpret the results in the context of life history theory and mate switching hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kardum
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka
| | - Jasna Hudek-Knezevic
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka
| | - Karolina Marijanović
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka
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Vance G, Zeigler-Hill V, Meehan MM, Young G, Shackelford TK. Sexual Communal Strength Partially Mediates the Associations between Mate Retention Behaviors and Relationship Satisfaction. J Sex Res 2023; 60:399-408. [PMID: 35040717 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.2023856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mate retention behaviors are associated with several aspects of romantic relationships, but different categories of mate retention behaviors have divergent associations with relationship satisfaction. The present studies examined whether sexual communal strength - which refers to the motivation to meet the sexual needs of one's partner - mediated the associations that benefit-provisioning and cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors had with relationship satisfaction. We investigated the associations that mate retention behaviors had with relationship satisfaction through sexual communal strength using men's self-reports (Study 1) and women's partner-reports (Study 2). We found that sexual communal strength partially mediated the associations that mate retention behaviors had with relationship satisfaction in both studies. Benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors had a positive indirect association with relationship satisfaction through sexual communal strength in both studies, whereas cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors had a negative indirect association with relationship satisfaction through sexual communal strength in Study 1 but not in Study 2. We explore the reasons why sexual communal strength may play an important role in the connections that mate retention behaviors have with relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Vance
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University
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Abed LG, Abed MG, Shackelford TK. An Exploratory Study of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Saudi Arabian Families. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020175. [PMID: 36829404 PMCID: PMC9952198 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This exploratory study investigated whether factors such as gender, age, level of education, monthly income, and the number of family members are associated with verbal and non-verbal communication in Saudi Arabian families. A convenience sampling procedure was used to recruit 182 Saudi Arabian adults who responded to a self-report survey. Verbal and non-verbal communication was categorized into positive and negative communication. Descriptive and ordinal regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationships of familial variables with communication. Female gender status had a small negative association with positive communication, whereas the number of family members, level of education, monthly income, and age did not correlate with positive communication or negative communication. The Discussion section addresses the limitations of the current study and identifies several directions for future research, with special attention to the Saudi Arabian family context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowai G. Abed
- Department of Communication and Public Relations, College of Communication and Media, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohaned G. Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence:
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Burtăverdea V, Shackelford TK, Abed MG. Corrigendum to “Women higher in psychopathy and more interested in marriage are subjected to more verbal insults by their long-term partner” [Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 186, Part B, February 2022, 111374]. Personality and Individual Differences 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Soper C, Shackelford TK. Are depression and suicidality evolved signals? Evidently, no. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Abed LG, Abed MG, Shackelford TK. Interpersonal Communication Style and Personal and Professional Growth among Saudi Arabian Employees. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:910. [PMID: 36673665 PMCID: PMC9859536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the association of interpersonal communication style (ICS) with personal and professional growth among Saudi Arabians in the context of the work environment. It was hypothesized that different ICSs are differently associated with personal and professional growth. The participants were 143 Saudi Arabian adults, including members of both genders, who were employed, with varying incomes, and who had different education levels. The participants completed a self-report survey, assessing their ICS and their personal and professional growth in an employment context. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results indicated that different ICSs are differently associated with personal and professional growth. The controlling ICS had the strongest relationship to professional and personal growth, whereas the dynamic ICS had the weakest relationship to professional and personal growth. In the Discussion, we address the limitations of the study and identify several directions for future research, with specific reference to the Saudi Arabian cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowai G. Abed
- University of Jeddah, College of Communication and Media, Department of Communication and Public Relations, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohaned G. Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Vance G, Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK. Sperm Competition Risk: The Connections That Partner Attractiveness and Infidelity Risk Have with Mate Retention Behaviors and Semen-Displacing Behaviors. Evol Psychol 2023; 21:14747049231161075. [PMID: 36919246 PMCID: PMC10303476 DOI: 10.1177/14747049231161075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present studies investigated the relationships between men's perceived risk of experiencing sperm competition (i.e., when the ejaculates of two or more men simultaneously occupy the reproductive tract of a single woman), and their use of strategies to detect, prevent, and correct their partner's sexual infidelity. We investigated these associations using self-reports provided by men (Study 1, n = 113), partner-reports provided by women (Study 2, n = 136), and dyadic reports (Study 3, n = 103 couples). The results of these studies indicated that the attractiveness of women was consistently associated with men's use of benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors (e.g., buying expensive gifts for one's partner, showing signs of physical affection) and semen-displacing behaviors (e.g., deeper copulatory thrusting, more thrusts during copulation), whereas the infidelity risk of women was often associated with men's use of cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors (e.g., threatening to end the relationship, monopolization of partner's free time). Discussion addresses the evolutionary implications of these results, including the possibility that men use both benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors and semen-displacing behaviors when they perceive their partner to be more attractive, ostensibly as a way to mitigate their risk of sperm competition. Discussion also explores the extent to which these results extend those of previous studies concerning sperm competition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Vance
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Meehan MK, Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK. Dark personality traits and anti-natalist beliefs: The mediating roles of primal world beliefs. Philosophical Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2022.2151887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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17
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Meehan MK, Shackelford TK. Discordant Perspectives on Human Violence: A Review of Philip Dwyer (2022), Violence: A Very Short Introduction. Evolutionary Psychological Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Abed MG, Abdulbaqi RF, Shackelford TK. Saudi Arabian Students’ Beliefs about and Barriers to Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Children 2022; 9:children9081170. [PMID: 36010060 PMCID: PMC9406298 DOI: 10.3390/children9081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
At a time when pandemics such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread rapidly, the deployment of online education is essential. However, to successfully leverage online education in such times, it is important to investigate learners’ motivations and beliefs about online education and associated barriers as well as the role of religious and social values. To investigate these motivations and beliefs, this study included semi-structured interviews with 10 female undergraduate students. These interviews explored the perceptions of students with regard to their engagement with online learning and assessment amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia’s higher education system. The findings indicate that the challenges linked to the sudden shift in learning mode and changes in assessment techniques impacted students’ engagement with learning and assessment. The findings also indicate that personal challenges decreased the willingness of students to learn online, but that their beliefs about learning online were improved by the quality of online learning. The study identified that one of the most important elements of improving beliefs about online learning is open communication between students and instructors, as this contributes to shared understanding and acceptance. The results are presented and discussed in connection with current literature, research implications, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned G. Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F. Abdulbaqi
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence:
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Vance G, Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK. Erectile Dysfunction and Sexual Coercion: The Role of Sperm Competition Risk. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:2781-2790. [PMID: 35778580 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been shown to be associated with several negative aspects of intimate relationships. Our goal for the present research was to examine whether ED was associated with men's use of sexual coercion in their intimate relationships (which may include the use of physical coercion, psychological manipulation, or emotional manipulation to gain sexual access) and if perceived sperm competition risk (i.e., perceived risk of partner infidelity, which may place a man's sperm into competition with sperm from another man) played a role in this association. These associations were examined in Study 1 using self-reports provided by men (N = 202) who had a mean age of 30.48 years (SD = 5.03) and were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). ED was found to have a large positive association with sexual coercion. However, men's self-reports did not provide support for sperm competition risk moderating the association between ED and sexual coercion, but an exploratory analysis revealed that sperm competition risk mediated this association. We attempted to replicate and extend these results in Study 2 by using partner-reports provided by women (N = 151) who had a mean age of 30.41 years (SD = 4.77) and were recruited through MTurk. Women's partner-reports provided support for sperm competition risk moderating the association between ED and sexual coercion. In addition, an exploratory analysis found that sperm competition risk also mediated the association between ED and sexual coercion, similar to Study 1. Discussion explores the implications of these results for understanding the role that sperm competition risk may play in the connection between ED and sexual coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Vance
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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DeLecce T, Pazhoohi F, Szala A, Shackelford TK. Extreme metal guitar skill: A case of male–male status seeking, mate attraction, or byproduct? Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/ebs0000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Abed MG, Shackelford TK. Saudi public primary school teachers' knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia 2022; 28:244-251. [PMID: 34877745 DOI: 10.1002/dys.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory research investigates knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia (DD) among public primary school teachers in Saudi Arabia. We explored links between several teacher-related socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender, teaching experience, self-evaluation of teaching children with DD) and knowledge and beliefs about DD. Saudi public primary school teachers (n = 136) completed an online survey that included the knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia scale (KBDDS). The results indicated that KBDDS scores were significantly associated with teaching experience, DD training, and self-evaluation of teaching children with DD. We address limitations of the current research, note directions for future research, and discuss implications of these results for teacher training and professional development, with special attention to Saudi public primary education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned G Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Vance G, Zeigler-Hill V, James RM, Shackelford TK. Erectile Dysfunction and Partner-Directed Behaviors in Romantic Relationships: The Mediating Role of Suspicious Jealousy. J Sex Res 2022; 59:472-483. [PMID: 34319840 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1956412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been shown to have a considerable impact on romantic relationships. The purpose of the present research was to examine whether the associations that ED had with men's mate retention behaviors, partner-directed insults, partner-directed violence, and injuries inflicted on the partner were mediated by suspicious jealousy but not reactive jealousy. These associations were examined using self-reports of men (Study 1) and partner-reports provided by women about their perceptions of their male partner (Study 2). The results of both studies indicated that suspicious jealousy (but not reactive jealousy) mediated the associations that ED had with the partner-directed behaviors of men in their romantic relationships. Specifically, higher levels of ED were associated with men experiencing (or being perceived to experience) more suspicious jealousy which, in turn, predicted their use of mate retention behaviors, partner-directed insults, and partner-directed violence as well as the infliction of injuries on their female partners. In our discussion, we address the evolutionary implications of these associations, as well as limitations and directions for future research on ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Vance
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University
| | - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University
| | - Rachel M James
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University
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Abed MG, Shackelford TK. The Importance of Providing Play and Learning Materials for Children with Physical Disabilities in Saudi Arabia: The Perceptions of Parents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19052986. [PMID: 35270679 PMCID: PMC8910595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this exploratory, qualitative research are to (a) examine the parental role in providing materials to facilitate learning and play for children with physical disabilities, and (b) identify the difficulties expressed by parents that affect the support provided to their children with physical disabilities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 Saudi Arabian parents of children with physical disabilities to identify the parental role in providing play and learning materials as well as the challenges identified by parents in providing this support. Parents recommended that they initiate and maintain contact with other parents of children with physical disabilities and with associated organisations. Parents also recommended that teachers welcome parents to be involved in support of their children with physical disabilities, especially in the provision of play and learning materials. The authors conclude that disability awareness programs for peers and staff members may improve physical and psychological health for children with physical disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned G. Abed
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48306, USA
- Correspondence:
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Burtăverde V, Shackelford TK, Abed MG. Women higher in psychopathy and more interested in marriage are subjected to more verbal insults by their long-term partner. Personality and Individual Differences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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DeLecce T, Shackelford TK, Zeigler-Hill V, Fink B, Abed MG. Mate Retention Behavior and Ejaculate Quality in Humans. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:3821-3830. [PMID: 34713428 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Males of some species use mate retention behavior and investment in ejaculate quality as anti-cuckoldry tactics concurrently while others do so in a compensatory fashion. Leivers, Rhodes, and Simmons (2014) reported that men who performed mate retention less frequently produced higher-quality ejaculates, suggesting that humans use these tactics compensatorily. We conducted a conceptual replication of this research in a sample of 41 men (18-33 years; M = 23.33; SD = 3.60). By self-report, participants had not had a vasectomy and had never sought infertility treatment. We controlled for several covariates known to affect ejaculate quality (e.g., abstinence duration before providing an ejaculate) and found no statistically significant relationships between mate retention behavior and four components of ejaculate quality: sperm velocity, sperm concentration, slow motility, and ejaculate volume. The present results provide little support for the hypothesis that human males deploy mate retention behavior and ejaculate quality investment compensatorily. We discuss the limitations of this study and highlight the need for research to address questions about the nature of anti-cuckoldry tactic deployment in humans, especially concerning investment in ejaculate quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara DeLecce
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, 213B Pryale Hall, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, 213B Pryale Hall, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, 213B Pryale Hall, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Bernhard Fink
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria
| | - Mohaned G Abed
- Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kaighobadi F, Figueredo AJ, Shackelford TK, Bjorklund DF. A Cascade Model of Sociodevelopmental Events Leading to Men's Perpetration of Violence Against Female Romantic Partners. Evol Psychol 2021; 19:14747049211040751. [PMID: 34617798 PMCID: PMC10358413 DOI: 10.1177/14747049211040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptually driven by life history theory, the current study investigated a hypothesized hierarchy of behaviors leading to men's perpetration of violence in intimate relationships. Using a series of hierarchical regressions, we tested a causal cascade model on data provided by 114 men in a committed romantic relationship. The results supported the hypothesized hierarchy of sociodevelopmental events: (1) men's childhood experiences with their parents' parental effort predicted men's life history strategies; (2) men's life history strategies predicted men's behavioral self-regulation; (3) men's self-regulation predicted men's perceptions of partner infidelity risk; (4) perceptions of infidelity risk predicted men's frequency of engagement in nonviolent mate retention behaviors; (5) men's mate retention behaviors predicted men's frequency of partner-directed violence. The overall cascade model explained 36% of variance in men's partner-directed violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Kaighobadi
- Department of Social Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - David F. Bjorklund
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Voegeli R, Schoop R, Prestat-Marquis E, Rawlings AV, Shackelford TK, Fink B. Differences between perceived age and chronological age in women: A multi-ethnic and multi-centre study. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:547-560. [PMID: 34293190 PMCID: PMC9291153 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Accuracy in assessing age from facial cues is important in social perception given reports of strong negative correlations between perceived age and assessments of health and attractiveness. In a multi‐ethnic and multi‐centre study, we previously documented similar patterns of female facial age assessments across ethnicities, influenced by gender and ethnicity of assessors. Methods Here we extend these findings by examining differences between estimated age from digital portraits and chronological age (Δ age) for 180 women from three age groups (20–34, 35–49, 50–66 years) and five ethnicities (36 images of each ethnicity, assessed for age on a continuous scale by 120 female and male raters of each ethnicity). Results Across ethnicities, Δ age was smallest in French assessors and largest in South African assessors. Numerically, French women were judged oldest and Chinese women youngest relative to chronological age. In younger women, Δ age was larger than in middle‐aged and older women. This effect was particularly evident when considering the interaction of women's age with assessor gender and ethnicity, independently and together, on Δ age. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that accuracy in assessments of female age from digital portraits depends on the chronological age and ethnicity of the photographed women and the ethnicity and gender of the assessor. We discuss the findings concerning ethnic variation in skin pigmentation and visible signs of ageing and comment on implications for cosmetic science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernhard Fink
- Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abed MG, Shackelford TK. Faculty Perspectives on Accommodations for Students with Visual Impairments in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x211018886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Biermann MC, Farias MG, Meneses GO, Lopes GS, Shackelford TK. Reasons to Pretend Orgasm, Mate Retention, and Relationship Satisfaction in Brazilian Women. Evol Psychol 2021; 19:14747049211032939. [PMID: 34308674 PMCID: PMC10358417 DOI: 10.1177/14747049211032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between Brazilian women's reported reasons for pretending orgasm, their performance of mate retention behaviors, and their relationship satisfaction. Additionally, we secured evidence of the validity and reliability of a Brazilian-Portuguese adaptation of the Reasons to Pretend Orgasm Inventory (RPOI). Participants were 295 Brazilian women in a heterosexual relationship (Mage = 24.9 years, SDage = 5.4 years). Participants completed a Brazilian-Portuguese adaptation of the Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form, and the translated RPOI (the Escala de Razões para Fingir Orgasmo; ERFO). The resulting 47-item ERFO represents well the original 63-item RPOI. The frequency with which Brazilian women pretend orgasm was negatively associated with their relationship satisfaction. Our sample size may not be sufficient to detect small effects. In addition, due to the exploratory nature of the study, the results should be interpreted with caution and future research may attempt to replicate these findings with larger samples and in other countries.
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Lopes GS, Holanda LC, DeLecce T, Holub AM, Shackelford TK. Sexual Coercion, Mate Retention, and Relationship Satisfaction in Brazilian and American Romantic Relationships. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:6647-6669. [PMID: 30596353 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518821458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationships among men's sexual coercion, men's performance of mate retention behaviors, and their partner's relationship satisfaction in Brazil (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2). In addition, we adapted the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale (SCIRS) to the Brazilian context (Escala de Coerção Sexual em Relacionamentos Amorosos [ECSRA]; Study 1) and investigated the suitability of the adapted version in the American context (Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale-Short Form [SCIRS-SF]; Study 2). Study 1 included 181 Brazilians, aged between 18 and 49 years (M = 23.5; SD = 5.1), mostly female (60.8%). Study 2 included 508 Americans, aged between 19 and 70 years (M = 34.7; SD = 9.7), mostly male (52.6%). Participants were in a heterosexual, romantic relationship for at least 3 months. Participants completed the SCIRS, a 34-item measure assessing how often participants experienced each sexually coercive behavior, the MRI-SF, a 38-item measure assessing how often participants performed each mate retention act, and several items regarding relationship satisfaction. The results indicated that American (but not Brazilian) men's sexual coercion is positively correlated with their performance of cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors. Men's sexual coercion did not affect their partner's relationship satisfaction in either the American or Brazilian contexts. The SCIRS-SF (nine items) reliably represents the SCIRS (34 items) in the American context. We recommend the SCIRS-SF for assessing performance frequency of sexual coercion. The SCIRS-SF may be used as a screening tool to identify patterns of sexual coercion in couples from Brazil and the United States. We highlight limitations of the current research and identify directions for future research.
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Apalkova Y, Butovskaya ML, Shackelford TK, Fink B. Personality, aggression, sensation seeking, and hormonal responses to challenge in Russian alpinists and special operation forces. Personality and Individual Differences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kardum I, Hudek-Knezevic J, Kalebić Maglica B, Shackelford TK. Postnatal maternal mood provides evidence for the psychic pain hypothesis. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.1037/ebs0000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Voegeli R, Schoop R, Prestat-Marquis E, Rawlings AV, Shackelford TK, Fink B. Cross-cultural perception of female facial appearance: A multi-ethnic and multi-centre study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245998. [PMID: 33481957 PMCID: PMC7822532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans extract and use information from the face in assessments of physical appearance. Previous research indicates high agreement about facial attractiveness within and between cultures. However, the use of a narrow age range for facial stimuli, limitations due to unidirectional cross-cultural comparisons, and technical challenges have prevented definitive conclusions about the universality of face perception. In the present study, we imaged the faces of women aged 20 to 69 years in five locations (China, France, India, Japan, and South Africa) and secured age, attractiveness, and health assessments on continuous scales (0-100) from female and male raters (20-66 years) within and across ethnicity. In total, 180 images (36 of each ethnicity) were assessed by 600 raters (120 of each ethnicity), recruited in study centres in the five locations. Linear mixed model analysis revealed main and interaction effects of assessor ethnicity, assessor gender, and photographed participant ("face") ethnicity on age, attractiveness, and health assessments. Thus, differences in judgments of female facial appearance depend on the ethnicity of the photographed person, the ethnicity of the assessor, and whether the assessor is female or male. Facial age assessments correlated negatively with attractiveness and health assessments. Collectively, these findings provide evidence of cross-cultural variation in assessments of age, and even more of attractiveness, and health, indicating plasticity in perception of female facial appearance across cultures, although the decline in attractiveness and health assessments with age is universally found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Fink
- Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Penke and Asendorpf (European Journal Of Personality, vol 21, this issue) argue compellingly that research on jealousy would benefit from more direct investigation of cognitive processes, and report on research providing mixed evidence for sex differences in jealousy. We identify three limitations to the empirical approach utilised by Penke and Asendorpf, and highlight novel conceptual and methodological approaches for directly examining the basic cognitive mechanisms associated with jealousy and intrasexual rivalry. Investigating the basic cognition of intrasexual rivalry will help expand the scope of jealousy‐related research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Reynolds T, Boutwell B, Shackelford TK, Weekes-Shackelford V, Nedelec J, Beaver K, Abed MG. Child mortality and parental grief: An evolutionary analysis. New Ideas in Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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DeLecce T, Lopes GS, Zeigler-Hill V, Welling LL, Shackelford TK, Abed MG. Corrigendum to “A preliminary but methodologically improved investigation of the relationships between major personality dimensions and human ejaculate quality” [Pers. Individ. Dif. 153, 15 January 2020, 109614]. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fink B, Apalkova Y, Butovskaya ML, Shackelford TK. Are There Differences in Experts' and Lay Assessors' Attractiveness Judgments of Non-Professional Men's Dance/Gait Movements? Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:492-506. [PMID: 33092486 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520967607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on attractiveness assessments of men's dance has shown that raters derive and integrate information about male mating-related qualities into their attractiveness assessments, but prior studies have focused on lay assessors (i.e., individuals with no professional dance background) rather than dance experts. We recruited male and female Russian dance experts (n = 23) to judge gender-neutral, featureless virtual characters, animated with motion-captured dance movements and gaits of British men, and compared their dance assessments to those from a group of Russian male and female lay assessors (n = 73). The dance experts provided higher dance and gait attractiveness judgments than the lay assessors. Both groups judged the gait movements to be of higher attractiveness than the dance movements. Differences in attractiveness assessments between experts and lay assessors were larger for the male judges than for the female judges. In an additional survey, the dance experts (versus lay assessors) placed greater emphasis on the importance of dance-related capacities and skills. We discuss our findings with reference to past research on dance/gait attractiveness as assessed by lay judges and the role of expertise in assessing body movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Fink
- Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yulia Apalkova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina L Butovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Social Anthropology Research and Education Center, Russian State University for Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
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Buss DM, Durkee PK, Shackelford TK, Bowdle BF, Schmitt DP, Brase GL, Choe JC, Trofimova I. "Human status criteria: Sex differences and similarities across 14 nations": Correction to Buss et al. (2020). J Pers Soc Psychol 2020; 119:998. [PMID: 32940518 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reports an error in "Human status criteria: Sex differences and similarities across 14 nations" by David M. Buss, Patrick K. Durkee, Todd K. Shackelford, Brian F. Bowdle, David P. Schmitt, Gary L. Brase, Jae C. Choe and Irina Trofimova (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, May 28, 2020, np). In the article, the third sentence in the Content level subsection in the Status Criteria More Central to Women section of the Results should appear instead as Fidelity, chastity/purity, and long-term mating success increase women's status more than men's. A coding error in Figure 7 for Dishonoring Family appeared. The corrected Figure 7 now appears. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-35662-001). Social status is a central and universal feature of our highly social species. Reproductively relevant resources, including food, territory, mating opportunities, powerful coalitional alliances, and group-provided health care, flow to those high in status and trickle only slowly to those low in status. Despite its importance and centrality to human social group living, the scientific understanding of status contains a large gap in knowledge-the precise criteria by which individuals are accorded high or low status in the eyes of their group members. It is not known whether there exist universal status criteria, nor the degree to which status criteria vary across cultures. Also unknown is whether status criteria are sex differentiated, and the degree of cross-cultural variability and consistency of sex-differentiated status criteria. The current article investigates status criteria across 14 countries (N = 2,751). Results provide the first systematic documentation of potentially universal and sex-differentiated status criteria. Discussion outlines important next steps in understanding the psychology of status. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Buss
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary L Brase
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University
| | - Jae C Choe
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University
| | - Irina Trofimova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University
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Baker RR, Shackelford TK. The development, evaluation, and illustration of a timeline procedure for testing the role of sperm competition in the evolution of sexual traits using paternity data. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kardum I, Hudek-Knezevic J, Mehić N, Shackelford TK. Predicting mate retention behaviors from five-factor personality traits: A dyadic approach. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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DeLecce T, Shackelford TK, Fink B, Abed MG. No Evidence for a Trade-Off Between Competitive Traits and Ejaculate Quality in Humans. Evol Psychol 2020; 18:1474704920942557. [PMID: 32686550 PMCID: PMC10303540 DOI: 10.1177/1474704920942557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in nonhuman animals (including insects, birds, and primates) suggests a trade-off in males between investment in competitive traits and investment in ejaculate quality. Previous research reported a negative association between perceived strength and ejaculate quality, suggesting that this trade-off also applies to human males. We conducted novel analyses of data secured as part of a larger project to assess the relationship between competitive traits (shoulder-to-hip ratio, handgrip strength, and height) and ejaculate quality (indexed by sperm morphology, sperm motility, and sperm concentration) in a sample of 45 men (ages ranging 18-33 years; M = 23.30, SD = 3.60). By self-report, participants had not had a vasectomy and had never sought treatment for infertility. We controlled for several covariates known to affect ejaculate quality (e.g., abstinence duration before providing an ejaculate) and found no statistically significant relationships between competitive traits and ejaculate quality; our findings therefore do not accord with previous research on humans. We highlight the need for additional research to clarify whether there is a trade-off between investment in competitive traits and investment in ejaculate quality in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara DeLecce
- Department of Psychology, Oakland
University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | - Bernhard Fink
- Biosocial Science Information,
Biedermannsdorf, Austria
- Department of Behavioral Ecology,
University of Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology,
University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohaned G. Abed
- Educational Graduate Studies, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Buss DM, Durkee PK, Shackelford TK, Bowdle BF, Schmitt DP, Brase GL, Choe JC, Trofimova I. Human status criteria: Sex differences and similarities across 14 nations. J Pers Soc Psychol 2020; 119:979-998. [PMID: 32463270 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Sep 7 2020 (see record 2020-68801-001). In the original article, the third sentence in the Content level subsection in the Status Criteria More Central to Women section of the Results should appear instead as Fidelity, chastity/purity, and long-term mating success increase women's status more than men's. A coding error in Figure 7 for Dishonoring Family appeared. The corrected Figure 7 now appears.] Social status is a central and universal feature of our highly social species. Reproductively relevant resources, including food, territory, mating opportunities, powerful coalitional alliances, and group-provided health care, flow to those high in status and trickle only slowly to those low in status. Despite its importance and centrality to human social group living, the scientific understanding of status contains a large gap in knowledge-the precise criteria by which individuals are accorded high or low status in the eyes of their group members. It is not known whether there exist universal status criteria, nor the degree to which status criteria vary across cultures. Also unknown is whether status criteria are sex differentiated, and the degree of cross-cultural variability and consistency of sex-differentiated status criteria. The current article investigates status criteria across 14 countries (N = 2,751). Results provide the first systematic documentation of potentially universal and sex-differentiated status criteria. Discussion outlines important next steps in understanding the psychology of status. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Buss
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary L Brase
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University
| | - Jae C Choe
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University
| | - Irina Trofimova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University
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Aboushaar HMK, Shackelford TK. Goodness by Execution: a Review of Richard Wrangham (2019), The Goodness Paradox: the Strange Relationship Between Virtue and Violence in Human Evolution (New York: Pantheon Books). Evolutionary Psychological Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-020-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wehbe YS, Shackelford TK. Appealing to human intuitions to reduce animal abuse. Animal Sentience 2020. [DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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DeLecce T, Lopes GS, Zeigler-Hill V, Welling LL, Shackelford TK, Abed MG. A preliminary but methodologically improved investigation of the relationships between major personality dimensions and human ejaculate quality. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
In industrialized societies, male gait provides information about physical strength. Male physical strength may be used by men and women to assess the fighting ability of rivals and the quality of potential mates, respectively. Women more than men discriminate between strong and weak walkers when assessing gait attractiveness. We presented videos of British men's gait-pre-categorized into strong and weak walkers-to male and female members ( n = 100) of the traditional Maasai in northern Tanzania in Africa. Maasai men and women judged the gaits of physically strong men less attractive than those of weak men and judged strong walkers to be weaker than weak walkers. These findings counter results from industrialized societies where participants accurately assessed strength from gait, thus arguing against a universal perception of physical strength from gait information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Fink
- 1 Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.,2 Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Institute for Advanced Study , Delmenhorst , Germany.,3 Biosocial Science Information , Biedermannsdorf , Austria
| | - Marina L Butovskaya
- 4 Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russian Federation.,5 Higher School of Economics, National Research University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,6 Social Anthropology Research and Education Center, Russian State University for Humanities , Moscow , Russian Federation
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Barbaro N, Boutwell BB, Shackelford TK. Associations between attachment anxiety and intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization: Consideration of genetic covariation. Personality and Individual Differences 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Barbaro N, Sela Y, Lopes GS, Shackelford TK. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Coalitional Mate Retention Inventory (CMRI) and Evidence for Two Superordinate Domains. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Coalitional Mate Retention Inventory (CMRI; Pham, Barbaro, Mogilski, & Shackelford, 2015 ) assesses the frequency with which individuals solicit allies to assist with mate retention efforts. The current study subjected the CMRI to confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). A model comparison approach was employed using data from a large community sample of participants currently in a heterosexual romantic relationship ( n = 1,003, 54% male). The seven-factor structure of the CMRI demonstrates good model fit and provides significantly better fit than an alternative single-factor structure. The results also demonstrate that the seven tactics of the CMRI are subsumed by two superordinate domains of Benefit-Provisioning and Cost-Inflicting coalitional mate retention. Correlational analyses with the superordinate domains of coalitional mate retention are presented and highlight their predictive utility. We recommend the continued use of the CMRI in psychological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barbaro
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Yael Sela
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Fink B, Butovskaya ML, Shackelford TK. Reply to Durkee: 'Do the Maasai perceive weak walkers to be stronger and more attractive than strong walkers? A re-analysis of Fink et al. (2019)'. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190376. [PMID: 31288681 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Fink
- 1 Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Goettingen , Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology Kellnerweg 6, D-37077 Goettingen , Germany.,2 Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Institute for Advanced Study , 27753 Delmenhorst , Germany.,3 Biosocial Science Information , Ortsstrasse 63, A-2362 Biedermannsdorf , Austria
| | - Marina L Butovskaya
- 4 Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect, 32-A, 119334 Moscow , Russia.,5 National Research University Higher School of Economics , 101000 Moscow , Russia.,6 Social Anthropology Research and Education Center, Russian State University for Humanities , 125993 Moscow , Russia
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- 7 Department of Psychology, Oakland University , Rochester, MI 48309-4482 , USA
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