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Elmsmari F, González Sánchez JA, Delgado LM, Espina M, Duran-Sindreu F, García ML, Sánchez-López E. Development of clobetasol-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles as an endodontic intracanal medicament. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1147-1164. [PMID: 38687284 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of current study is the development and optimization of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to be used in the field of Endodontics as intracanal medication in cases of avulsed teeth with extended extra-oral time, utilizing PLGA polymers loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug clobetasol propionate (CP). METHODOLOGY CP-loaded nanoparticles (CP-NPs) were prepared using the solvent displacement method. CP release profile from CP-NPs was assessed for 48 h against free CP. Using extracted human teeth, the degree of infiltration inside the dentinal tubules was studied for both CP-NPs and CP. The anti-inflammatory capacity of CP-NPs was evaluated in vitro measuring their response and reaction against inflammatory cells, in particular against macrophages. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the cytokine release of IL-1β and TNF-α. RESULTS Optimized CP-NPs displayed an average size below 200 nm and a monomodal population. Additionally, spherical morphology and non-aggregation of CP-NPs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Interaction studies showed that CP was encapsulated inside the NPs and no covalent bonds were formed. Moreover, CP-NPs exhibited a prolonged and steady release with only 21% of the encapsulated CP released after 48 h. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, it was observed that CP-NPs were able to display enhanced penetration into the dentinal tubules. Neither the release of TNF-α nor IL-1β increased in CP-NPs compared to the LPS control, displaying results similar and even less than the TCP after 48 h. Moreover, IL-1β release in LPS-stimulated cells, decreased when macrophages were treated with CP-NPs. CONCLUSIONS In the present work, CP-NPs were prepared, optimized and characterized displaying significant increase in the degree of infiltration inside the dentinal tubules against CP and were able to significantly reduce TNF-α release. Therefore, CP-NPs constitute a promising therapy for the treatment of avulsed teeth with extended extra-oral time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Tong D, Gobert S, Reuzeau A, Farges JC, Leveque M, Bolon M, Costantini A, Pasdeloup M, Lafont J, Ducret M, Bekhouche M. Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells-response to fibrin hydrogel reveals ITGA2 and MMPs expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32891. [PMID: 39027533 PMCID: PMC11255596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) aim at reestablishing tooth vitality by replacing the irreversibly damaged dental pulp removed by the dental practitioner with a new functional one. The current treatment of advanced caries relies on the replacement of the inflamed or necrosed dental pulp with an inert filling material. This leads to a functional but non-vital tooth, which lacks the ability to sense dental tissue damage, and to protect from further bacterial attack. Therapeutic strategies inspired by tissue engineering called REP propose to regenerate a fully functional dental pulp directly in the canal space. Promising results were obtained using dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) in combination with bio-inspired artificial and temporary 3D hydrogels made of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen and fibrin biomacromolecules. However, the uncontrolled mechanisms of DP regeneration from DP-MSCs in 3D biomacromolecules fail to regenerate a fully functional DP and can induce fibrotic scarring or mineralized tissue formation to a non-negligible extent. The lack of knowledge regarding the early molecular mechanisms initiated by DP-MSCs seeded in ECM-made hydrogels is a scientific lock for REP. In this study, we investigated the early DP-MSC-response in a 3D fibrin hydrogel. DP-MSCs isolated from human third molars were cultured for 24 h in the fibrin hydrogel. The differential transcript levels of extracellular and cell surface genes were screened with 84-gene PCR array. Out of the 84 genes screened, 9 were found to be overexpressed, including those coding for the integrin alpha 2 subunit, the collagenase MMP1 and stromelysins MMP3, MMP10 and MMP12. Over-expression of ITGA2 was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The expression of alpha 2 integrin subunit protein was assessed over time by immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining. The increase in the transcript level of MMP1, MMP3, MM10 and MMP12 was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The overexpression of MMP1 and 3 at the protein level was assessed by immunoblot. MMP3 expression by DP-MSCs was observed by immunofluorescence staining. This work demonstrates overexpression of ITGA2 and of MMP1, 3, 10 and 12 by DP-MSCs cultured in a fibrin hydrogel. The main preliminary extracellular and cell surface response of the DP-MSCs to fibrin hydrogel seems to rely on a ITGA2/MMP3 axis. Further investigations are needed to precisely decipher the role of this axis in dental pulp tissue building. Nevertheless, this work identifies extracellular and cell surface molecules that could be potential checkpoints to be targeted to guide proper dental pulp tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tong
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Stéphanie Gobert
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Alicia Reuzeau
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- Odontology Faculty of Lyon, University Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marianne Leveque
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Marie Bolon
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Arthur Costantini
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marielle Pasdeloup
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Jérôme Lafont
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- Odontology Faculty of Lyon, University Lyon 1, France
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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Sequeira DB, Diogo P, Gomes BPFA, Peça J, Santos JMM. Scaffolds for Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:7. [PMID: 38276040 PMCID: PMC10821321 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Regenerative dentistry aims to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex and restore those of its functions that have become compromised by pulp injury and/or inflammation. Scaffold-based techniques are a regeneration strategy that replicate a biological environment by utilizing a suitable scaffold, which is considered crucial for the successful regeneration of dental pulp. The aim of the present review is to address the main characteristics of the different scaffolds, as well as their application in dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted by two independent reviewers to answer the research question: What type of scaffolds can be used in dentin-pulp complex regeneration? An electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases was undertaken. Keywords including "pulp-dentin regeneration scaffold" and "pulp-dentin complex regeneration" were used. To locate additional reports, reference mining of the identified papers was undertaken. Results: A wide variety of biomaterials is already available for tissue engineering and can be broadly categorized into two groups: (i) natural, and (ii) synthetic, scaffolds. Natural scaffolds often contain bioactive molecules, growth factors, and signaling cues that can positively influence cell behavior. These signaling molecules can promote specific cellular responses, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, crucial for effective tissue regeneration. Synthetic scaffolds offer flexibility in design and can be tailored to meet specific requirements, such as size, shape, and mechanical properties. Moreover, they can be functionalized with bioactive molecules, growth factors, or signaling cues to enhance their biological properties and the manufacturing process can be standardized, ensuring consistent quality for widespread clinical use. Conclusions: There is still a lack of evidence to determine the optimal scaffold composition that meets the specific requirements and complexities needed for effectively promoting dental pulp tissue engineering and achieving successful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B. Sequeira
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal (P.D.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Diogo
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal (P.D.)
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - João Peça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Marques Santos
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal (P.D.)
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Qiu M, Bae KB, Liu G, Jang JH, Koh JT, Hwang YC, Lee BN. Osteolectin Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2023; 49:1660-1667. [PMID: 37774945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteolectin is a secreted glycoprotein of the C-type lectin domain superfamily, expressed in bone tissues and is reported as a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone regeneration. However, the effect of osteolectin on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the odontoblastic differentiation of osteolectin in hDPCs and further attempt to reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cytotoxicity assays were used to detect the cytotoxicity of osteolectin. The odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs and its underlying mechanisms were measured by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized spots formation, and the gene and protein expression of odontoblastic differentiation through ALP staining, Alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS WST-1 assay showed osteolectin at concentrations below 300 ng/ml was noncytotoxic and safe for hDPCs. The following experiment demonstrated that osteolectin could increase ALP activity, accelerate the mineralization process, and up-regulate the odontogenic differentiation markers in both gene and protein levels (P < .05). Osteolectin stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Protein kinase B (AKT) in hDPCs. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT inhibitors decreased ALP activity and mineralization capacity and suppressed the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1. CONCLUSION Osteolectin can promote odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs, and the whole process may stimulate ERK, JNK, and AKT signaling pathways by increasing p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-AKT signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Qiu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Liu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hyun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research, Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Kołodziejska B, Figat R, Kolmas J. Biomimetic Apatite/Natural Polymer Composite Granules as Multifunctional Dental Tissue Regenerative Material. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16751. [PMID: 38069072 PMCID: PMC10706555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of novel composite biomaterials designed for dental applications, aiming to potentially address the prevalent challenge of dental and periodontal tissue loss. The composites consisted of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (mHA) enriched with Mg2+, CO32-, and Zn2+ ions, type I collagen, alginate, and, additionally, chitosan and sericin. The granules were loaded with ibuprofen sodium salt. The investigation encompassed a morphology characterization, a porosity analysis, a chemical structure assessment, and an examination of the swelling behavior, drug release kinetics (ibuprofen), and release profiles of zinc and magnesium ions. The granules exhibited irregular surfaces with an enhanced homogeneity in the chitosan-coated granules and well-developed mesoporous structures. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of ibuprofen sodium, despite overlapping bands for the polymers. The granules demonstrated a high water-absorption capacity, with delayed swelling observed in the chitosan-coated granules. Ibuprofen displayed burst-release profiles, especially in the G1 and G3 samples. In the case of the chitosan-coated granules (G2 and G4), lower amounts of ibuprofen were released. In turn, there was a significant difference in the released amount of magnesium and zinc ions from the granules, which was most likely caused by their different location in the hydroxyapatite crystals. The cytotoxicity assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic behavior of the biomaterial. These findings suggest the potential applicability of these biomaterials in dental scenarios, emphasizing their multifunctional and biocompatible nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kołodziejska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ramona Figat
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kolmas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Silva-López MS, Alcántara-Quintana LE. The Era of Biomaterials: Smart Implants? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2982-2994. [PMID: 37437296 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Conditions, accidents, and aging processes have brought with them the need to develop implants with higher technology that allow not only the replacement of missing tissue but also the formation of tissue and the recovery of its function. The development of implants is due to advances in different areas such as molecular-biochemistry (which allows the understanding of the molecular/cellular processes during tissue repair), materials engineering, tissue regeneration (which has contributed advances in the knowledge of the properties of the materials used for their manufacture), and the so-called intelligent biomaterials (which promote tissue regeneration through inductive effects of cell signaling in response to stimuli from the microenvironment to generate adhesion, migration, and cell differentiation processes). The implants currently used are combinations of biopolymers with properties that allow the formation of scaffolds with the capacity to mimic the characteristics of the tissue to be repaired. This review describes the advances of intelligent biomaterials in implants applied in different dental and orthopedic problems; by means of these advances, it is expected to overcome limitations such as additional surgeries, rejections and infections in implants, implant duration, pain mitigation, and mainly, tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sarai Silva-López
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 550-2a Sierra Leona Ave, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Luz E Alcántara-Quintana
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 550-2a Sierra Leona Ave, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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Morwood AJ, El-Karim IA, Clarke SA, Lundy FT. The Role of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Adhesion Motifs in Functionalised Hydrogels. Molecules 2023; 28:4616. [PMID: 37375171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To create functional tissue engineering scaffolds, biomaterials should mimic the native extracellular matrix of the tissue to be regenerated. Simultaneously, the survival and functionality of stem cells should also be enhanced to promote tissue organisation and repair. Hydrogels, but in particular, peptide hydrogels, are an emerging class of biocompatible scaffolds which act as promising self-assembling biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative therapies, ranging from articular cartilage regeneration at joint defects, to regenerative spinal cord injury following trauma. To enhance hydrogel biocompatibility, it has become imperative to consider the native microenvironment of the site for regeneration, where the use of functionalised hydrogels with extracellular matrix adhesion motifs has become a novel, emerging theme. In this review, we will introduce hydrogels in the context of tissue engineering, provide insight into the complexity of the extracellular matrix, investigate specific adhesion motifs that have been used to generate functionalised hydrogels and outline their potential applications in a regenerative medicine setting. It is anticipated that by conducting this review, we will provide greater insight into functionalised hydrogels, which may help translate their use towards therapeutic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Morwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ikhlas A El-Karim
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Susan A Clarke
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Gross T, Dieterle MP, Vach K, Altenburger MJ, Hellwig E, Proksch S. Biomechanical Modulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Properties for Soft Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030323. [PMID: 36978714 PMCID: PMC10045720 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp regeneration strategies frequently result in hard tissue formation and pulp obliteration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be directed toward soft tissue differentiation by extracellular elasticity. STRO-1-positive human dental pulp cells were magnetically enriched and cultured on substrates with elasticities of 1.5, 15, and 28 kPa. The morphology of DPSCs was assessed visually. Proteins relevant in mechanobiology ACTB, ITGB1, FAK, p-FAK, TALIN, VINCULIN, PAXILLIN, ERK 1/2, and p-ERK 1/2 were detected by immunofluorescence imaging. Transcription of the pulp marker genes BMP2, BMP4, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, FN1, and IGF2 as well as the cytokines ANGPT1, VEGF, CCL2, TGFB1, IL2, ANG, and CSF1 was determined using qPCR. A low stiffness, i.e., 1.5 kPa, resulted in a soft tissue-like phenotype and gene expression, whereas DPSCs on 28 kPa substrates exhibited a differentiation signature resembling hard tissues with a low cytokine expression. Conversely, the highest cytokine expression was observed in cells cultured on intermediate elasticity, i.e., 15 kPa, substrates possibly allowing the cells to act as “trophic mediators”. Our observations highlight the impact of biophysical cues for DPSC fate and enable the design of scaffold materials for clinical pulp regeneration that prevent hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)761-270-48850; Fax: +49-(0)761-270-47620
| | - Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs—University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Joerg Altenburger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Dental Clinic 1–Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Huang F, Cheng L, Li J, Ren B. Nanofibrous scaffolds for regenerative endodontics treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1078453. [PMID: 36578510 PMCID: PMC9790898 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1078453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated dental caries, tooth trauma and dental anatomical variations such as dens invaginatus can result in pulpitis. However, standard root canal therapy cannot treat immature permanent teeth due to an open apical foramen and thin dentinal walls. Thus, regenerative endodontics treatment (RET) following a disinfection step with pulp regeneration has been developed. Pulp connective-tissue, dentin formation, revascularization and reinnervation can occur in this procedure which should be supplemented with intelligent biomaterials to improve repeatability and support well-coordinated regeneration. Furthermore, nanofibrous scaffolds, as one of the most commonly used materials, show promise. The purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of nanofibrous scaffolds and discuss the future modification and application of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Jiyao Li, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Jiyao Li, ; Biao Ren,
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Kumar N, Maher N, Amin F, Ghabbani H, Zafar MS, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Biomimetic Approaches in Clinical Endodontics. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040229. [PMID: 36546929 PMCID: PMC9775094 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, biomimetic concepts have been widely adopted in various biomedical fields, including clinical dentistry. Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. Currently, new trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly review and discuss various pulp-regenerative approaches and materials used in regenerative endodontics which may highlight the current trends and future research prospects in this particular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-333-2818500
| | - Nazrah Maher
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
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11
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Expert consensus on regenerative endodontic procedures. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:55. [PMID: 36450715 PMCID: PMC9712432 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis. The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex, extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function. Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled studies. However, variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics. The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners, thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated. This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation, the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis, as well as the main complications of this treatment, aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies, suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.
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12
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Sugiaman VK, Djuanda R, Pranata N, Naliani S, Demolsky WL. Tissue Engineering with Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) and Collagen Matrix, Regulated by Growth Factor in Regenerating the Dental Pulp. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183712. [PMID: 36145860 PMCID: PMC9503223 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining dental pulp vitality and preventing tooth loss are two challenges in endodontic treatment. A tooth lacking a viable pulp loses its defense mechanism and regenerative ability, making it more vulnerable to severe damage and eventually necessitating extraction. The tissue engineering approach has drawn attention as an alternative therapy as it can regenerate dentin-pulp complex structures and functions. Stem cells or progenitor cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules are triad components of this approach. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a promising, noninvasive source of stem cells for tissue regeneration. Not only can SHEDs regenerate dentin-pulp tissues (comprised of fibroblasts, odontoblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve cells), but SHEDs also possess immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. The collagen matrix is a material of choice to provide structural and microenvironmental support for SHED-to-dentin pulp tissue differentiation. Growth factors regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into specific phenotypes via signal-transduction pathways. This review provides current concepts and applications of the tissue engineering approach, especially SHEDs, in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinna K Sugiaman
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Djuanda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
| | - Natallia Pranata
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
| | - Silvia Naliani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
| | - Wayan L Demolsky
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
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13
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Noohi P, Abdekhodaie MJ, Nekoofar MH, Galler KM, Dummer PMH. Advances in Scaffolds Used for Pulp-Dentine Complex Tissue Engineering - A Narrative Review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1277-1316. [PMID: 36039729 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulp necrosis in immature teeth disrupts root development and predisposes roots to fracture as a consequence of their thin walls and open apices. Regenerative endodontics is a developing treatment modality whereby necrotic pulps are replaced with newly formed healthy tissue inside the root canal. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of this strategy to stimulate root maturation and apical root-end closure. However, clinical outcomes are patient-dependent and unpredictable. The development of predictable clinical protocols is achieved through the interplay of the three classical elements of tissue engineering, namely, stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. Scaffolds provide structural support for cells to adhere and proliferate and also regulate cell differentiation and metabolism. Hence, designing and fabricating an appropriate scaffold is a crucial step in tissue engineering. In this review, four main classes of scaffolds used to engineer pulp-dentine complexes, including bioceramic-based scaffolds, synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, natural polymer-based scaffolds, and composite scaffolds, are covered. Additionally, recent advances in the design, fabrication, and application of such scaffolds are analysed along with their advantages and limitations. Finally, the importance of vascular network establishment in the success of pulp-dentine complex regeneration and strategies used to create scaffolds to address this challenge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Noohi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endodontic, Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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14
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Fekrazad R, Tondnevis F, Abolhasani MM. In-Vitro Evaluation of Novel Polycaprolactone/ Chitosan/ Carbon Nano Tube Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:395-402. [PMID: 36059279 PMCID: PMC9395625 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients lose their organs or tissues due to disease, trauma, or a variety of genetic disorders. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary science to regenerate or restore tissue or organ function and an appropriate scaffold is the first and certainly a crucial step in tissue engineering strategies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to fabricate and evaluate the in-vitro response of porous nano Polycaprolactone (PCL)/ chitosan/ multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) scaffold for tissue regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental research, a novel scaffold containing MWCNTs in polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold was synthesized by electrospinning technique. RESULTS According to scanning electron microscopy SEM images, by increasing the number of MWCNT in the scaffold by 2%, the average diameter decreased significantly for fabricated scaffolds with 5% MWCNTs. Based on the results, the scaffolds plunged from submicron to nanoscale fibers at about 80 nm. In addition, by adding more MWCNT to the nanofibrous scaffold, the biodegradation rate was decreased by 32%. However, mechanical characterization demonstrates that the higher level of MWCNT increases young modulus by 96%, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay illustrated that MWCNTs could enhance bioactivity and cell- scaffold relationship in addition to alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CONCLUSION MWCNT significantly improves the physical and mechanical properties of fabricated scaffolds and in-vitro assessment demonstrated that the prepared nanofibrous scaffold containing 4% MWCNT could be a very useful biocompatible material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- DDS, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- DDS, International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Tondnevis
- PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahdi Abolhasani
- PhD, Department of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran
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15
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Cells and material-based strategies for regenerative endodontics. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:234-249. [PMID: 35310358 PMCID: PMC8897646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p class = "Abstract" style = "margin: 0 cm; line-height: 32px; font-size: 12 pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span lang = "EN-US">The carious process leads to inflammation of pulp tissue. Current care options include root canal treatment or apexification. These procedures, however, result in the loss of tooth vitality, sensitivity, and healing. Pulp capping and dental pulp regeneration are continually evolving techniques to regenerate pulp tissue, avoiding necrosis and loss of vitality. Many studies have successfully employed stem/progenitor cell populations, revascularization approaches, scaffolds or material-based strategies for pulp regeneration. Here we outline advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques which are currently being used in the field of regenerative endodontics. We also summarize recent findings on efficacious peptide-based materials which target the dental niche.<o:p></o:p></span></p> Pulp infection necessitates removal of necrotic, inflamed and infected tissue. Materials used clinically are inert (such as gutta percha, mineral trioxide aggregate). Recent developments in materials (angiogenic hydrogels, stem cell composites) have tuneable bioactivity. Dental pulp regeneration may now be possible through the use of bioactive systems, that guide regeneration.
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Progress of Research on the Application of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Hydrogel Scaffold Materials in Endodontic Revascularization: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3610461. [PMID: 35795267 PMCID: PMC9252650 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3610461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the application of hydrogel scaffold materials and triple antibiotic paste in endodontic regeneration through literature review. Methods An electronic search of the literature published on PubMed, Wangfang database, and CNKI database using the search terms “endodontic regeneration,” “pulp blood flow reconstruction,” “recanalization,” “triple antibiotic paste,” and “scaffold material” was conducted. The searched literature was used for analysis. Results and Conclusion. Hydrogels regulate stem cell fates, modulate growth factor release, and encapsulate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The triple antibiotic paste is composed of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, which exhibits promising antibacterial effects and duration at appropriate concentrations, with low cytotoxicity, and effectively promotes the preservation and regeneration of pulp tissues and the formation of dental hard tissues. However, issues such as tooth discoloration and bacterial drug resistance also exist. The present article reviews the progress of research on the application of hydrogel scaffold materials and triple antibiotic paste in endodontic revascularization.
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Moghanian A, Cecen B, Nafisi N, Miri Z, Rosenzweig DH, Miri AK. Review of Current Literature for Vascularized Biomaterials in Dental Repair. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Üstün N, Güven Y. Effect of three different remineralizing agents on artificial erosive lesions of primary teeth. Aust Dent J 2022; 67:271-280. [PMID: 35694835 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three remineralizing agents on dental erosion in primary teeth. METHODS Forty primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): self-assembling peptide (P11-4 ), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), sodium fluoride (NaF) and artificial saliva (AS; control). The erosion-like formation was created by immersing the samples in citric acid (4 × 2 min, pH 2.3) and AS (4 × 2 h, pH 7). The eroded samples were then treated with remineralizing agents and subjected to further erosion consisting of 15 cycles (3x/8-h interval) of immersion in citric acid and AS for 6 s each. Alterations in the mineral content and morphology of the samples were quantified using a microhardness tester and atomic force microscope. RESULTS All agents had a significant remineralization effect on eroded primary tooth enamel. After further erosive challenge, enamel loss in the CPP-ACFP group was found to be significantly lower than in all other groups, and no significant difference was found between the P11-4 and NaF groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that all tested materials had remineralization ability, and CPP-ACFP had a superior effect in inhibiting enamel loss due to dental erosion in primary teeth. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Üstün
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Güven
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Histological Evaluation of Restylane Lyft Used as a Scaffold for Dental Pulp Regeneration in Non-Infected Immature Teeth in Dogs. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124095. [PMID: 35744154 PMCID: PMC9228365 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available hyaluronic acid dermal fillers used as a scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have demonstrated attractive potentials. This study aimed to histologically evaluate the outcome of REPs using Restylane Lyft (HA) as a scaffold. REPs were performed on pulpless, immature roots in dogs (n = 69). The roots were divided into four groups: blood clot (BC), Restylane Lyft (BC + HA), negative control, and positive control. At 13 weeks postoperatively, hard tissue formation, vascularization, the presence of vascularized soft connective tissue and collagen fibers, the degree of inflammation within pulp spaces and/or periapical tissues, and apical closure were evaluated histologically. The vascularization and formation of loosely arranged collagen fibers within the regenerated soft connective tissues were observed significantly more in the BC+HA group (85% and 40%, respectively; p < 0.05) compared to the BC group (54.6% and 9.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). The degree of inflammation was significantly higher in the HA group than in the BC group; moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in 45% and 13.6% of the cases, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that Restylane Lyft combined with a blood clot used as a scaffold may improve the outcomes of REPs in non-infected, pulpless, immature teeth in dogs.
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Fu Z, Zhuang Y, Cui J, Sheng R, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Zhao B, Wang X, Lin K. Development and challenges of cells- and materials-based tooth regeneration. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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21
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Araújo IJDS, Guimarães GN, Machado RA, Bertassoni LE, Davies RPW, Puppin-Rontani RM. Self-assembly peptide P 11-4 induces mineralization and cell-migration of odontoblast-like cells. J Dent 2022; 121:104111. [PMID: 35460865 PMCID: PMC10171720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-assembling peptide P11-4 is amphiphilic and pH-triggered, effective on repairing early enamel carious lesions and dentin remineralization. However, P11-4 effects on dentin biomineralization and repair ability remain unexplored. Thus, cytocompatibility and effectiveness of P11-4 on inducing mineralization and migration of odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) were investigated. METHODS MDPC-23 were seeded in contact with P11-4 (0.5 and 1 µg/ml), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1 0.5 and 1 µg/ml) or Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 100 µg/ml) solutions. Cell viability was verified using MTT (n = 6/group). Mineral deposition was tested using Alizarin Red (n = 4/group). Cell migration was assessed by light microscopy (n = 2/group). MTT and Alizarin Red data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (α=0.01). RESULTS P11-4 (0.5 and 1 µg/ml) and DMP1 (0.5 and 1 µg/ml) resulted the highest cell viability; Ca(OH)2 presented the lowest. 1 µg/ml DMP1 and 1 µg/ml P11-4 promoted the highest mineral deposition. Ca(OH)2 presented lower values of mineral deposits than DMP1 1 µg/ml (p < 0.01), but similar to P11-4 1 µg/ml. P11-4 and DMP1 at 0.5 µg/ml induced lesser mineral precipitation than P11-4 and DMP1 at 1 µg/ml (p < 0.01), with no difference to Ca(OH)2. All materials stimulated cell migration, however, lower concentrations of DMP1 and P11-4 demonstrated a higher migration potential. CONCLUSION P11-4 did not affect cell viability, induces mineral deposition and MDPC-23 migration like DMP1. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Self-assembling peptide P11-4 does not affect the cell viability and induces mineral deposition comparable to native protein involved in biomineralization. Combined with its ability to bind type I collagen, P11-4 is a promising bioinspired molecule that provides native-tissue conditions and foster further studies on its ability to form dentin bridges in pulp-capping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Jordão de Souza Araújo
- Dental Materials Graduate Program; Piracicaba Dental School, Unicamp; Department of Dentistry, Faculdade Nova Esperança - FACENE/RN, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Narvaes Guimarães
- Department of Biosciences, Histology area, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Bertassoni
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | | | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Limeira Ave. 901, Areão, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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AlHowaish NA, AlSudani DI, AlMuraikhi NA. Evaluation of a hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Restylane Lyft) as a scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in a regenerative endodontic organotype model. Odontology 2022; 110:726-734. [PMID: 35471745 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds are crucial elements for dental pulp regeneration. Most of the currently used scaffolds in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are unsuitable for chairside clinical use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an injectable synthetic scaffold (Restylane Lyft) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) viability, proliferation, and osteo/dentinogenic differentiation in a regenerative endodontic organotype model (REM). hBMSC were loaded in an REM either alone (hBMSC group) or mixed with the Restylane Lyft scaffold (Restylane/hBMSC group) and cultured in basal culture medium (n = 9/group). hMSC on culture plates served as controls. Cell viability and proliferation were measured using AlamarBlue assay. The loaded REM was cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium to measure alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and examine the expression of the osteo/dentinogenic markers using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability in all groups increased significantly over 5 days. The Restylane/hBMSC group showed significantly higher ALP activity and dentin sialophosphoprotein, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein genes expression than the hBMSC and the control groups. Restylane Lyft, a hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable, FDA-approved hydrogel, maintained cell viability and proliferation and promoted osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of hBMSC when cultured in an REM. Henceforth, it could be a promising chairside scaffold material for REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah A AlHowaish
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11612, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina I AlSudani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11612, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nihal A AlMuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Kroczek K, Turek P, Mazur D, Szczygielski J, Filip D, Brodowski R, Balawender K, Przeszłowski Ł, Lewandowski B, Orkisz S, Mazur A, Budzik G, Cebulski J, Oleksy M. Characterisation of Selected Materials in Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1526. [PMID: 35458276 PMCID: PMC9027145 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of science that has developed very intensively in recent years. The first part of this review describes materials with medical and dental applications from the following groups: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Both positive and negative sides of their application are presented from the point of view of medical application and mechanical properties. A variety of techniques for the manufacture of biomedical components are presented in this review. The main focus of this work is on additive manufacturing and 3D printing, as these modern techniques have been evaluated to be the best methods for the manufacture of medical and dental devices. The second part presents devices for skull bone reconstruction. The materials from which they are made and the possibilities offered by 3D printing in this field are also described. The last part concerns dental transitional implants (scaffolds) for guided bone regeneration, focusing on polylactide-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite due to its unique properties. This section summarises the current knowledge of scaffolds, focusing on the material, mechanical and biological requirements, the effects of these devices on the human body, and their great potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kroczek
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Turek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Damian Mazur
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczygielski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Damian Filip
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Robert Brodowski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital No.1 in Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Łukasz Przeszłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Bogumił Lewandowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital No.1 in Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Orkisz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Artur Mazur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Budzik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Józef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Oleksy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Araújo LD, Goulart TS, Gil ACK, Schuldt DPV, Coelho BS, Figueiredo DDR, Garcia LDFR, Almeida JD. Do alternative scaffolds used in regenerative endodontics promote better root development than that achieved with blood clots? Braz Dent J 2022; 33:22-32. [PMID: 35508033 PMCID: PMC9645157 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this integrative review was to identify whether alternative scaffolds
used in regenerative endodontics contribute to better root development, in
relation to the increase in root length and thickness of dentin walls, compared
with blood clot (BC) scaffolds. The literature search was conducted in PubMed,
SciELO and Lilacs databases, using descriptors related to the topic. After
applying the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected and analyzed
according to the proposed aim. Five clinical and six in vivo
studies, conducted in animals, compared different types of alternative scaffolds
with BCs, with emphasis on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin
(PRF). All scaffolds, alternative or BC, promoted an increase in root length and
dentin wall thickness, with varying percentages of increase between studies. In
general, there was a significant increase in root length and dentin thickness
promoted by PRF and PRP scaffolds, compared with BC. It was concluded that the
majority of the scaffolds tested contributed to the increase in root length and
thickness of dentin walls, with emphasis on PRF and PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taynara Santos Goulart
- University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Biomolecule-Mediated Therapeutics of the Dentin–Pulp Complex: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020285. [PMID: 35204786 PMCID: PMC8961586 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the application of potential therapeutic signaling molecules on complete dentin-pulp complex and pulp tissue regeneration in orthotopic and ectopic animal studies. A search strategy was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Animal studies evaluating the application of signaling molecules to pulpectomized teeth for pulp tissue or dentin-pulp complex regeneration were included. From 2530 identified records, 18 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subjected to detailed qualitative analysis. Among the applied molecules, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic factor-7, nerve growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were the most frequently studied. The clinical, radiographical and histological outcome measures included healing of periapical lesions, root development, and apical closure, cellular recolonization of the pulp space, ingrowth of pulp-like connective tissue (vascularization and innervation), mineralized dentin-like tissue formation along the internal dentin walls, and odontoblast-like cells in contact with the internal dentin walls. The results indicate that signaling molecules play an important role in dentin/pulp regeneration. However, further studies are needed to determine a more specific subset combination of molecules to achieve greater efficiency towards the desired tissue engineering applications.
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García-Henández AL, Serrano-Bello J, Alvarez-Perez MA, Cifuentes-Mendiola E, González-Alva P. The immune system and its response to polymeric materials used for craniofacial regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.2021904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia García-Henández
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janeth Serrano-Bello
- Section of Oral Immunity and Bone Regulation, Laboratory of Dental Research, FES Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez
- Section of Oral Immunity and Bone Regulation, Laboratory of Dental Research, FES Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Cifuentes-Mendiola
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Section of Oral Immunity and Bone Regulation, Laboratory of Dental Research, FES Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, State of Mexico, Mexico
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Naseri S, Cooke ME, Rosenzweig DH, Tabrizian M. 3D Printed In Vitro Dentin Model to Investigate Occlusive Agents against Tooth Sensitivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7255. [PMID: 34885408 PMCID: PMC8658150 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tooth sensitivity is a painful and very common problem. Often stimulated by consuming hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods, it is associated with exposed dentin microtubules that are open to dental pulp. One common treatment for tooth hypersensitivity is the application of occlusive particles to block dentin microtubules. The primary methodology currently used to test the penetration and occlusion of particles into dentin pores relies upon dentin discs cut from extracted bovine/human teeth. However, this method is limited due to low accessibility to the raw material. Thus, there is a need for an in vitro dentin model to characterize the effectiveness of occlusive agents. Three-dimensional printing technologies have emerged that make the printing of dentin-like structures possible. This study sought to develop and print a biomaterial ink that mimicked the natural composition and structure of dentin tubules. A formulation of type I collagen (Col), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp), and alginate (Alg) was found to be suitable for the 3D printing of scaffolds. The performance of the 3D printed dentin model was compared to the natural dentin disk by image analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both pre- and post-treatment with occlusive microparticles, to evaluate the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion. The cytocompatibility of printed scaffolds was also confirmed in vitro. This is a promising biomaterial system for the 3D printing of dentin mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Naseri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Megan E Cooke
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | | | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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28
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Glycerol-modified γ-PGA and gellan composite hydrogel materials with tunable physicochemical and thermal properties for soft tissue engineering application. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu K, Yu S, Ye L, Gao B. The Regenerative Potential of bFGF in Dental Pulp Repair and Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680209. [PMID: 34354584 PMCID: PMC8329335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic therapy intends to induce the host’s natural wound-healing process, which can restore the vitality, immunity, and sensitivity of the inflammatory or necrotic pulp tissue destroyed by infection or trauma. Myriads of growth factors are critical in the processes of pulp repair and regeneration. Among the key regulatory factors are the fibroblast growth factors, which have turned out to be the master regulators of both organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Fibroblast growth factors, a family composed of 22 polypeptides, have been used in tissue repair and regeneration settings, in conditions as diverse as burns, ulcers, bone-related diseases, and spinal cord injuries. Meanwhile, in dentistry, the basic fibroblast growth factor is the most frequently investigated. Thereby, the aim of this review is 2-fold: 1) foremost, to explore the underlying mechanisms of the bFGF in dental pulp repair and regeneration and 2) in addition, to shed light on the potential therapeutic strategies of the bFGF in dental pulp–related clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ehlinger C, Mathieu E, Rabineau M, Ball V, Lavalle P, Haikel Y, Vautier D, Kocgozlu L. Insensitivity of dental pulp stem cells migration to substrate stiffness. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120969. [PMID: 34157563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising cell source for regeneration of dental pulp. Migration is a key event but influence of the microenvironment rigidity (5 kPa at the center of dental pulp to 20 GPa for the dentin) is largely unknown. Mechanical signals are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, to the nuclei, and to the chromatin, potentially regulating gene expression. To identify the microenvironmental influence on migration, we analyzed motility on PDMS substrates with stiffness increasing from 1.5 kPa up to 2.5 MPa. We found that migration speed slightly increases as substrate stiffness decreases in correlation with decreasing focal adhesion size. Motility is relatively insensitive to substrate stiffness, even on a bi-rigidity PDMS substrate where DPSCs migrate without preferential direction. Migration is independent of both myosin II activity and YAP translocation after myosin II inhibition. Additionally, inhibition of Arp2/3 complex leads to significant speed decrease for all rigidities, suggesting contribution of the lamellipodia in the migration. Interestingly, the chromatin architecture remains stable after a 7-days exposure on the PDMS substrates for all rigidity. To design scaffold mimicking dental pulp environment, similar DPSCs migration for all rigidity, leaves field open to choose this mechanical parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ehlinger
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgane Rabineau
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Ball
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Vautier
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Leyla Kocgozlu
- Inserm UMR-S1121, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67084, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
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Evaluation of Silk Fibroin-RGD-Stem Cell Factor Scaffold Effect on Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6612324. [PMID: 34046070 PMCID: PMC8128554 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6612324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of a silk fibroin-RGD-stem cell factor (SF-RGD-SCF) scaffold on the migration, proliferation, and attachment of stem cells of apical papilla (SCAPs). SF, SF-RGD, SF-SCF, and SF-RGD-SCF scaffolds were prepared, and laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the adhesion and growth status of SCAPs on the scaffolds. Furthermore, the numbers of SCAPs on the scaffolds were counted by a digestion counting method to evaluate their proliferation. Cells on the SF-RGD-SCF scaffold proliferated more than those on the other scaffolds and showed a more obvious tendency to migrate to the scaffold's deep porous structure after 7 d seeding. Live/dead cell staining results showed that almost all the adhered cells were alive after 7 d. Furthermore, cell counting showed that the number of cells on the SF-RGD-SCF scaffold was highest after both 1 and 7 d (P < 0.05). Thus, the SF-RGD-SCF composite is biocompatible and promotes the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of SCAPs, making it of potential use as a scaffold for cell-homing pulp regeneration.
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Caballero-Flores H, Nabeshima CK, Sarra G, Moreira MS, Arana-Chavez VE, Marques MM, Machado MEDL. Development and characterization of a new chitosan-based scaffold associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin for endodontic regeneration. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e414-e425. [PMID: 33867170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ideal scaffold for endodontic regeneration should allow the predictableness of the new tissue organization and limit the negative impact of residual bacteria. Therefore, composition and functionalization of the scaffold play an important role in tissue bioengineering. The objective of this study was to assess the morphological, physicochemical, biological and antimicrobial properties of a new solid chitosan-based scaffold associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin. METHODS Scaffolds based on chitosan (Ch); chitosan associated with gelatin and genipin (ChGG); and chitosan associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin (ChGDG) were prepared by using the freeze-drying method. The morphology of the scaffolds was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical properties were assessed for biodegradation, swelling and total released proteins. The biological aspects of the scaffolds were assessed using human cells from the apical papilla (hCAPs). Cell morphology and adhesion to the scaffolds were evaluated by SEM, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation by MTT reduction-assay. Cell differentiation in scaffolds was assessed by using alizarin red assay. The antimicrobial effect of the scaffolds was evaluated by using the bacterial culture method, and bacterial adhesion to the scaffolds was observed by SEM. RESULTS All the scaffolds presented porous structures. The ChCDG had more protein release, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hCAPs, and bacteriostatic effect on Enterococcus faecalis than Ch and ChGG (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The chitosan associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin has morphological, physicochemical, biological and antibacterial characteristics suitable for their potential use as scaffold in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Caballero-Flores
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleber Keiti Nabeshima
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Sarra
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Eduardo de Lima Machado
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Demineralized Dentin Matrix Particle-Based Bio-Ink for Patient-Specific Shaped 3D Dental Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081294. [PMID: 33921045 PMCID: PMC8071469 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM)-based materials have been actively developed and are well-known for their excellent performance in dental tissue regeneration. However, DDM-based bio-ink suitable for fabrication of engineered dental tissues that are patient-specific in terms of shape and size, has not yet been developed. In this study, we developed a DDM particle-based bio-ink (DDMp bio-ink) with enhanced three-dimensional (3D) printability. The bio-ink was prepared by mixing DDM particles and a fibrinogen–gelatin mixture homogeneously. The effects of DDMp concentration on the 3D printability of the bio-ink and dental cell compatibility were investigated. As the DDMp concentration increased, the viscosity and shear thinning behavior of the bio-ink improved gradually, which led to the improvement of the ink’s 3D printability. The higher the DDMp content, the better were the printing resolution and stacking ability of the 3D printing. The printable minimum line width of 10% w/v DDMp bio-ink was approximately 252 μm, whereas the fibrinogen–gelatin mixture was approximately 363 μm. The ink’s cytocompatibility test with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibited greater than 95% cell viability. In addition, as the DDMp concentration increased, odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was significantly enhanced. Finally, we demonstrated that cellular constructs with 3D patient-specific shapes and clinically relevant sizes could be fabricated through co-printing of polycaprolactone and DPSC-laden DDMp bio-ink.
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Bekhouche M, Bolon M, Charriaud F, Lamrayah M, Da Costa D, Primard C, Costantini A, Pasdeloup M, Gobert S, Mallein-Gerin F, Verrier B, Ducret M, Farges JC. Development of an antibacterial nanocomposite hydrogel for human dental pulp engineering. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8422-8432. [PMID: 32804177 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00989j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are considered to be very promising therapeutic strategies to reconstruct the dental pulp (DP) tissue in devitalized human teeth. However, the success of the regeneration process is limited by residual bacteria that may persist in the endodontic space after the disinfection step and contaminate the biomaterial. The aim of this work was to develop an innovative fibrin hydrogel incorporating clindamycin (CLIN)-loaded Poly (d,l) Lactic Acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) to provide the hydrogel with antibacterial properties. CLIN-PLA-NPs were synthesized by a surfactant-free nanoprecipitation method and their microphysical properties were assessed by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility and scanning electron microscopy. Their antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated on Enteroccocus fæcalis by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal biofilm inhibition and eradication concentrations (MBIC and MBEC). Antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel were verified by agar diffusion assays. NP distribution into the hydrogel and release from it were evaluated using fluorescent PLA-NPs. NP cytotoxicity was assessed on DP mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) incorporated into the hydrogel. Type I collagen synthesis was investigated after 7 days of culture by immunohistochemistry. We found that CLIN-PLA-NPs displayed a drug loading of 10 ± 2 μg per mg of PLA polymer and an entrapment efficiency of 43 ± 7%. Antibiotic loading did not affect NP size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. The MIC for Enterococcus fæcalis was 32 μg mL-1. MBIC50 and MBEC50 were 4 and 16 μg mL-1, respectively. CLIN-PLA-NPs appeared homogenously distributed throughout the hydrogel. CLIN-PLA-NP-loaded hydrogels clearly inhibited E. faecalis growth. DP-MSC viability and type I collagen synthesis within the fibrin hydrogel were not affected by CLIN-PLA-NPs. In conclusion, CLIN-PLA-NP incorporation into the fibrin hydrogel gave the latter antibacterial and antibiofilm properties without affecting cell viability and function. This formulation could help establish an aseptic environment supporting DP reconstruction and, accordingly, might be a valuable tool for REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bekhouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France and Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - M Bolon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - F Charriaud
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - M Lamrayah
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - D Da Costa
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France and Adjuvatis®, Lyon, France
| | | | - A Costantini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - M Pasdeloup
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - S Gobert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - F Mallein-Gerin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - B Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - M Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France and Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
| | - J-C Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France and Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
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Singh H, Rathee K, Kaur A, Miglani N. Pulp Regeneration in an Immature Maxillary Central Incisor Using Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:94-98. [PMID: 33967547 PMCID: PMC8092086 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_149_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulp regenerative procedure is one of the treatment options for endodontically involved immature permanent teeth. The regenerative endodontic procedure was performed in a child of 9 years. After thorough canal disinfection using triple antibiotic paste for 21 days, bleeding was induced from the apex to provide for the stem cells. After that hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel was introduced into the canal space to act as injectable scaffold for pulp regeneration. This was followed by mineral trioxide aggregate placement to provide tight seal from the coronal aspect. Later, the tooth was restored with composite restoration. This approach offers the clinicians great opportunity to physiologically strengthen the immature root walls. The present report presents a regenerative endodontic procedure with HA hydrogel for a traumatized central incisor with arrested root development. The continued root development in the present case suggests that this treatment option may be able to resume the root maturation process in immature teeth with open apices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harveen Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, India
| | - Kirti Rathee
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Periodontics, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Miglani
- Demonstrator, J.N. Kapoor DAV Centenary Dental College, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
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Regeneration of pulp-dentin complex using human stem cells of the apical papilla: in vivo interaction with two bioactive materials. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5317-5329. [PMID: 33630165 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the regenerative properties of human stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) embedded in a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) scaffold, when implanted in vivo using an organotypic model composed of human root segments, with or without the presence of the bioactive cements - ProRoot MTA or Biodentine. MATERIAL AND METHODS SCAPs were isolated from third molars with incomplete rhizogenesis and expanded and characterized in vitro using stem cell and surface markers. The pluripotency of these cells was also assessed using adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation protocols. SCAPs together with a scaffold of PRP were added to the root segment lumen and the organotypic model implanted on the dorsal region of immunodeficient rats for a period of 4 months. RESULTS Presence of SCAPs induced de novo formation of dentin-like and pulp-like tissue. A barrier of either ProRoot MTA or Biodentine did not significantly affect the fraction of sections from roots segments observed to contain deposition of hard material (P > 0.05). However, the area of newly deposited dentin was significantly greater in segments containing a barrier of Biodentine compared with ProRoot MTA (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE SCAPs offer a viable alternative to other dental stem cells (DSCs) in their regenerative properties when enclosed in the microenvironment of human tooth roots. The present study also suggests that the presence of bioactive materials does not hinder or impede the formation of new hard tissues, but the presence of Biodentine may promote greater mineralized tissue deposition.
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Joshi SR, Pendyala GS, Shah P, Mopagar VP, Padmawar N, Padubidri M. Scaffolds--The Ground for Regeneration: A Narrative Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 10:692-699. [PMID: 33437701 PMCID: PMC7791577 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_198_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the various biomaterials used as scaffolds, rates of biodegradability of natural, artificial and composite hybrid scaffolds, and the role of controlled biodegradability in tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: An electronic search for systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Cochrane (www.cochrane.org), Scopus (www.scopus.com) databases, and dental journals related to endodontics and pediatric dentistry to identify the research investigations associated with the degradation profiles, factors relating to degradation, rates of biodegradability and the role of controlled biodegradability of natural, artificial and composite scaffolds. A sample of 17 relevant studies and case reports were identified in our search of 100 using simple random sampling. Results: Naturally derived scaffolds degrade at a much higher rate than artificial and composite scaffolds. The degradation profiles of composite scaffolds can be much better controlled than naturally derived scaffolds. Conclusion: Composite scaffolds are more favorable as compared to natural or artificial scaffolds, as it has superior mechanical properties, minimal immune response, and a controlled rate of degradation and consequent tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Ramesh Joshi
- Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Pratima Shah
- Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Neeta Padmawar
- Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghana Padubidri
- Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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Elhamouly Y, El Backly RM, Talaat DM, Omar SS, El Tantawi M, Dowidar KML. Tailored 70S30C Bioactive glass induces severe inflammation as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3775-3787. [PMID: 33409691 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared clinical, histologic, and inflammatory outcomes of Biodentine and Bioactive glass (70S30C-BAG) as pulpotomy agents in primary teeth. METHODS A randomised, clinical trial was performed recruiting 70 children, 5-9 years old, having ≥ 1 tooth indicated for vital pulpotomy. Participants were randomised to Biodentine or 70S30C-BAG groups. Clinical evaluation was scheduled at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Additional 16 teeth were extracted after 6 weeks to assess histologic and inflammatory response (IL-8/IL-10 ratio) using ELISA. Fisher exact, Mann Whitney U test, and t test were used to compare clinical, histologic outcomes and IL-8/IL-10 ratio. RESULTS After 3 months, 10 teeth treated with Biodentine were clinically successful, while 9 teeth treated with 70S30C-BAG failed (P < 0.001) necessitating trial termination. Causes of failure were analysed by assessing the pH and ionic release of 70S30C-BAG. Biodentine-treated teeth showed minor inflammation, normal pulp, and hard tissue formation.70S30C-BAG-treated teeth showed severe inflammation, abscesses, root resorption without hard tissue formation. There was a significantly greater percent reduction of IL-8/IL-10 ratio in Biodentine than 70S30C-BAG (mean ± SD = 66.39 ± 18.56 and 40.66 ± 0.86, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Biodentine showed favourable clinical, histologic, and anti-inflammatory outcomes, promoting pulp healing and regeneration. 70S30C-BAG resulted in pulp necrosis-through persistent inflammation-causing clinical failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biodentine is a promising pulpotomy agent in primary teeth; it promoted healing and regeneration of the dentine-pulp complex. In its current form, 70S30C-BAG is not a suitable pulpotomy agent; it induced persistent inflammation, negating the pulp ability to heal and regenerate. TRN: NCT03786302, 12/19/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Elhamouly
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. .,Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rania M El Backly
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Talaat
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samia S Omar
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Karin M L Dowidar
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sismanoglu S, Ercal P. Dentin-Pulp Tissue Regeneration Approaches in Dentistry: An Overview and Current Trends. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:79-103. [PMID: 32902726 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment approaches in irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis include the disinfection of the pulp space followed by filling with various materials, which is commonly known as the root canal treatment. Disadvantages including the loss of tooth vitality and defense mechanism against carious lesions, susceptibility to fractures, discoloration and microleakage led to the development of regenerative therapies for the dentin pulp-complex. The goal of dentin-pulp tissue regeneration is to reestablish the physiological pulp function such as pulp sensibility, pulp repair capability by mineralization and pulp immunity. Recent dentin-pulp tissue regeneration approaches can be divided into cell homing and cell transplantation. Cell based approaches include a suitable scaffold for the delivery of potent stem cells with or without bioactive molecules into the root canal system while cell homing is based on the recruitment of host endogenous stem cells from the resident tissue including periapical region or dental pulp. This review discusses the recent treatment modalities in dentin-pulp tissue regeneration through tissue engineering and current challenges and trends in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Sismanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ercal
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Li J, Rao Z, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Chen L, Shen Z, Bai Y, Lin Z, Huang Q. A Decellularized Matrix Hydrogel Derived from Human Dental Pulp Promotes Dental Pulp Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Induced Multidirectional Differentiation In Vitro. J Endod 2020; 46:1438-1447.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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El Halaby HM, Abu-Seida AM, Fawzy MI, Farid MH, Bastawy HA. Evaluation of the regenerative potential of dentin conditioning and naturally derived scaffold for necrotic immature permanent teeth in a dog model. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:264-276. [PMID: 32985739 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the outcome of partial exposure of dentin matrix to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) scaffold on regeneration of necrotic immature permanent teeth in a dog model. The present study was carried out on 216 permanent immature roots in nine mongrel dogs aged 6-9 months. Pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis were induced in 180 roots. These roots were divided into five equal groups (36 roots each) according to the treatment protocol: group I: blood clot; group II: 17% EDTA solution and blood clot; group III: PRF; group IV: 17% EDTA solution and PRF; and group V: without treatment (positive control). The negative control group (group VI) represented 36 untouched normal roots for normal maturation. The groups were followed up for 1, 2 and 3 months (subgroups). Maturation of the roots was monitored by radiography and histopathology. All data were statistically analysed. Group IV exhibited the highest increase in root length and thickness, decrease in apical diameter, the highest score of vital tissue infiltration and least inflammatory scores. There was a significant difference regarding the increase in root length and thickness and decrease in apical diameter in all subgroups of the experimental and negative control groups (P ≤ .05). PRF has a better regenerative potential than the blood clot during treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp. Inclusion of 17% EDTA solution as a final irrigation enhances the regenerative potential of both PRF and blood clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M El Halaby
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat I Fawzy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona H Farid
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hagar A Bastawy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Xia K, Chen Z, Chen J, Xu H, Xu Y, Yang T, Zhang Q. RGD- and VEGF-Mimetic Peptide Epitope-Functionalized Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels Promote Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6631-6647. [PMID: 32982223 PMCID: PMC7495350 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s253576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising method for dentin-pulp complex (DPC) regeneration. The challenges associated with DPC regeneration include the generation of a suitable microenvironment that facilitates the complete odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the rapid induction of angiogenesis. Thus, the survival and subsequent differentiation of DPSCs are limited. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-like biomimetic hydrogels composed of self-assembling peptides (SAPs) were developed to provide an appropriate microenvironment for DPSCs. For functional DPC regeneration, the most important considerations are to provide an environment that promotes the adequate attachment of DPSCs and rapid vascularization of the regenerating pulp. Morphogenic signals in the form of growth factors (GFs) have been incorporated into SAPs to promote productive DPSC behaviors. However, the use of GFs has several drawbacks. We envision using a scaffold with SAPs coupled with long-term factors to increase DPSC attachment and vascularization as a method to address this challenge. METHODS In this study, we developed synthetic material for an SAP-based scaffold with RGD- and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mimetic peptide epitopes with the dual functions of dentin and pulp regeneration. DPSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to evaluate the biological effects of SAP-based scaffolds. Furthermore, the pulpotomized molar rat model was employed to test the reparative and regenerative effects of SAP-based scaffolds. RESULTS This scaffold simultaneously presented RGD- and VEGF-mimetic peptide epitopes and provided a 3D microenvironment for DPSCs. DPSCs grown on this composite scaffold exhibited significantly improved survival and angiogenic and odontogenic differentiation in the multifunctionalized group in vitro. Histological and functional evaluations of a partially pulpotomized rat model revealed that the multifunctionalized scaffold was superior to other options with respect to stimulating pulp recovery and dentin regeneration in vivo. CONCLUSION Based on our data obtained with the functionalized SAP scaffold, a 3D microenvironment that supports stem cell adhesion and angiogenesis was generated that has great potential for dental pulp tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xia
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai200072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310006, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaxing Xu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai200072, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang R, Xie L, Wu H, Yang T, Zhang Q, Tian Y, Liu Y, Han X, Guo W, He M, Liu S, Tian W. Alginate/laponite hydrogel microspheres co-encapsulating dental pulp stem cells and VEGF for endodontic regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:305-316. [PMID: 32663663 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the complicated and irregular anatomical structure of root canal systems, injectable microspheres have received considerable attention as cell carriers in endodontic regeneration. Herein, we developed injectable hybrid RGD-alginate/laponite (RGD-Alg/Lap) hydrogel microspheres, co-encapsulating human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These microspheres were prepared by the electrostatic microdroplet method with an average size of 350~450 μm. By adjusting the content of laponite, the rheological properties and the degradation rate of the microspheres in vitro could be conditioned. The release of VEGF from the RGD-Alg/0.5%Lap microspheres was in a sustained manner for 28 days while the bioactivity of VEGF was preserved. In addition, the encapsulated hDPSCs were evenly distributed in microspheres with a cell viability exceeding 85%. The deposition of abundant extracellular matrix such as fibronectin (FN) and collagen type I (Col-I) was shown in microspheres after 7 days. The laponite in the system significantly up-regulated the expression of odontogenic-related genes of hDPSCs at day 7. Furthermore, after subcutaneous implantation with tooth slices in a nude mouse model for 1 month, the hDPSCs-laden RGD-Alg/0.5%Lap+VEGF microspheres significantly promoted the regeneration of pulp-like tissues as well as the formation of new micro-vessels. These results demonstrated the great potential of laponite-enhanced hydrogel microspheres in vascularized dental pulp regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Injectable cell-laden microspheres have recently gained great attention in endodontic regeneration. Here we first developed hybrid alginate/laponite hydrogel microspheres (size about 350~450 μm) by electrostatic microdroplet method, which exhibited tunability in mechanical property and sustained release ability. The incorporation of laponite and the sustained release of VEGF supported not only dental pulp stem cells differentiation in vitro but neotissue regeneration in vivo. These features combined with the simplicity in preparation, made the microspheres ideally suited to simultaneous cells and growth factors delivery in dental pulp regeneration and even other tissue regeneration application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuangang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Suru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioactive molecule carrier systems (BACS) are biomaterial-based substrates that facilitate the delivery of active signaling molecules for different biologically based therapeutic applications, which include regenerative endodontic procedures. Tissue regeneration or organized repair in regenerative endodontic procedures is governed by the dynamic orchestration of interactions between stem/progenitor cells, bioactive molecules, and extracellular matrix. BACS aid in mimicking some of the complex physiological processes, overcoming some of the challenges faced in the clinical translation of regenerative endodontic procedures. AREAS COVERED This narrative review addresses the role of BACS in stem/progenitor cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation with the application for dentin-pulp tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo. BACS shield the bioactivity of the immobilized molecules against environmental factors, while its design allows the pre-programmed release of bioactive molecules in a spatial and temporal-controlled manner. The polymeric and non-polymeric materials used to synthesize micro and nanoscale-based BACS are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Comprehensive characterization of well-designed and customized BACS is necessary to be able to deliver multiple bioactive molecules in spatiotemporally controlled manner and to address the release kinetics required for potential in vivo application. This warrants further laboratory-based experiments and rigorous clinical investigations to enable their clinical translation for regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hebatullah Hussein
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
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Haugen HJ, Basu P, Sukul M, Mano JF, Reseland JE. Injectable Biomaterials for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3442. [PMID: 32414077 PMCID: PMC7279163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable biomaterials scaffolds play a pivotal role for dental tissue regeneration, as such materials are highly applicable in the dental field, particularly when compared to pre-formed scaffolds. The defects in the maxilla-oral area are normally small, confined and sometimes hard to access. This narrative review describes different types of biomaterials for dental tissue regeneration, and also discusses the potential use of nanofibers for dental tissues. Various studies suggest that tissue engineering approaches involving the use of injectable biomaterials have the potential of restoring not only dental tissue function but also their biological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Poulami Basu
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Mousumi Sukul
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (P.B.); (M.S.); (J.E.R.)
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ElSheshtawy AS, Nazzal H, El Shahawy OI, El Baz AA, Ismail SM, Kang J, Ezzat KM. The effect of platelet-rich plasma as a scaffold in regeneration/revitalization endodontics of immature permanent teeth assessed using 2-dimensional radiographs and cone beam computed tomography: a randomized controlled trial. Int Endod J 2020; 53:905-921. [PMID: 32249441 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the outcomes of platelet-rich plasma as a scaffold in regenerative/revitalization endodontics (RET) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 2-dimensional radiographs. METHODOLOGY Twenty-six healthy patients with mean age of 12.66 ± 4.47, and immature permanent anterior teeth with necrotic pulps, were randomly allocated to two groups, whereby RET was performed using platelet-rich plasma (PRP, test group) and blood clot (BLC, control group). Changes in root length (RL), root dentinal thickness (RDT), apical foramen width (AFW) and radiographic root area (RRA), were assessed using both radiographic methods, whilst changes in periapical area diameter (PAD) were assessed using CBCT, over a period of 12 months. T-test and chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used to compare continuous and categorical data between BLC and PRP groups, respectively. Changes in RL, RDT, AFW, RRA and PAD were examined by comparing the two groups (PRP versus BLC) using multilevel modelling, considering the clustering effect of repeated measures of several teeth originating from the same participant. RESULTS Changes in RL, RDT, AFW, RRA and PAD, over time, were found to be significant for both groups. There was, however, no difference between the RET techniques (PRP versus BLC), using both radiographic and CBCT methods. The results of both assessment techniques (CBCT and 2-dimensional radiographic methods) were highly consistent (overall ICC ranged between 0.80 and 0.94). In addition, a significant effect of baseline PAD was found on RL, RRA and AD at 12 months (RL effect = -0.68, P < 0.001; RRA effect = -1.91, P = 0.025; AD effect = 0.08, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION The current study highlights successful and comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes of RET techniques using PRP and BLC. Standardized and calibrated 2-dimensional radiographic assessment was as effective as CBCT in assessing RET outcomes; therefore, the routine use of CBCT in RET is not recommended. Although an effect of baseline periapical lesion diameter on root development outcomes, at 12 months, were observed, more studies are recommended in order to assess such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S ElSheshtawy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Nazzal
- Paediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - O I El Shahawy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A El Baz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Ismail
- Department of Endodontics, The National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - K M Ezzat
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Onche EO, Azeko ST, Obayemi JD, Oyewole OK, Ekwe NB, Rahbar N, Soboyejo WO. Compressive deformation of Bambusa Vulgaris-Schrad in the transverse and longitudinal orientations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 108:103750. [PMID: 32310105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the compressive deformation of bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris-Schrad) in the middle section. The deformation mechanisms are elucidated via in-situ observations of deformation in specimens oriented for loading in directions that are either longitudinal or transverse. Compressive deformation is shown to result in progressive micro-buckling and kink band formation. The onset of micro-buckling is also shown to be well predicted by an Euler buckling model. The critical loads for failure in the transverse orientation are also shown to be consistent with the conditions for shear yielding in the plies with fibers that are oriented in an orthogonal direction to the loading axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Onche
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Km 23 Airport Road, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Salifu T Azeko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tamale Technical University, Polytechnic Street, Tamale, Ghana
| | - John D Obayemi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Oluwaseun K Oyewole
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Nneka B Ekwe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Nima Rahbar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Winston O Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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49
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da Silva GS, Moreira MS, Fukushima KA, Raggio DP, V Mello-Moura AC, Lara JS, Gimenez T, Junior SA, Morimoto S, Tedesco TK. Current evidence of tissue engineering for dentine regeneration in animal models: a systematic review. Regen Med 2020; 15:1345-1360. [PMID: 32148166 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to verify the type of scaffold effect on tissue engineering for dentine regeneration in animal models. Materials & methods: Strategic searches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The studies were included with the following eligibility criteria: studies evaluating dentine regeneration, and being an in vivo study. Results: From 1392 identified potentially relevant studies, 15 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All studies described characteristics of neoformed dentine, being that the most reported reparative dentine formation. Most of included studies presented moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Up to date scientific evidence shows a positive trend to dentine regeneration when considering tissue engineering in animal models, regardless the type of scaffolds used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S da Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Karen A Fukushima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Raggio
- Department of Orthodontic & Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Juan S Lara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry & Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2876, USA
| | - Thais Gimenez
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | | | - Susana Morimoto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Tamara K Tedesco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
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50
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Duarte Campos DF, Zhang S, Kreimendahl F, Köpf M, Fischer H, Vogt M, Blaeser A, Apel C, Esteves-Oliveira M. Hand-held bioprinting for de novo vascular formation applicable to dental pulp regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:205-215. [PMID: 31284786 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1640217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the study: Deep carious lesions may cause irreversible pulpitis and the current endodontic treatment typically removes the whole dental pulp tissue, which finally reduces lifespan of the teeth. Nowadays, the most frequent treatment is based on removing the infected tissue and filling the root canal with inert synthetic materials. Tissue engineering approaches are important alternatives to the current treatment, because they can potentially maintain the biological function of the tooth instead of sacrificing it.Materials and Methods: In this study, we propose a tissue engineering approach based on a hand-held in situ bioprinting strategy. Our approach enabled bioprinting of cell-loaded collagen-based bioinks with suitable rheological, structural and biological properties, which allowed for vasculogenesis in the root canal.Results: The rheological properties of the bioprintable bioink were measured by oscillatory amplitude sweep testing and were corroborated by macroscopic evaluation after in vitro culture, in which printed bioinks maintained their original form without contraction. Moreover, we showed evidence for successful vasculogenesis in bioprintable bioinks with comparable quality and quantity to control fibrin and collagen non-bioprintable hydrogels.Conclusions: We conclude that hand-held bioprinting holds potential for in situ treatment of dental diseases with successful evidence for vascular tube formation, as an asset for maintenance of the biological function of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Duarte Campos
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kreimendahl
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius Köpf
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Medical Textiles and Biofabrication, Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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