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Santana JS, Delbem ACB, Pessan JP, Sampaio C, de Morais LA, Pereira TL, Monteiro DR, Hosida TY. Dual-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans produces subsurface caries lesions on bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 166:106029. [PMID: 38924874 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a protocol for forming subsurface caries lesions on bovine enamel by dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. DESIGN Biofilms were grown on bovine enamel specimens in artificial saliva (AS) for seven days. After 24 h of formation, the AS was supplemented or not with fluoride (F) using sodium fluoride (0.005 or 0.008 ppm F), and the biofilms were exposed or not to a 20 % sucrose solution (reproducing a cariogenic challenge) once/day. On the seventh day, the biofilms were harvested and had their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and inorganic components analyzed. The specimens were subjected to computed X-ray microtomography analysis to determine their mineral concentration. Data were compared using two-way analyses of variance, followed by Fisher's LSD or Student-Newman-Keuls tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge had significantly higher EPS concentrations than those not exposed, regardless of the presence of F. For biofilms grown with 0.008 ppm F, those exposed to the cariogenic challenge had lower F levels than those not exposed. For biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge, those grown with 0.008 ppm F had lower lesion depths and integrated mineral loss, and higher outer layers than those grown without F. CONCLUSIONS The dual biofilm model assessed was able to create subsurface caries lesions in bovine enamel in vitro, which was influenced by the presence of F in the culture medium and exposure to sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva Santana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Antônio de Morais
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taynara Leandro Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chen X, Inoue G, Fan L, Sekizawa O, Nitta K, Ikeda M, Shimada Y. Enhancement of mineral density and mechanical properties in root caries treated with silver diammine fluoride and glass ionomer cement, with emphasis on silver ion distribution. J Dent 2024; 146:105041. [PMID: 38762076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to measure the distribution of silver ion (Ag+), mineral recovery, and nanohardness in carious lesions and comprehensively evaluate the degree of dentin restoration. METHODS Sixty human teeth with root caries were randomly assigned to the control, silver diammine fluoride (SDF) [Safo], and SDF+Glass ionomer cement (GIC) treatment [Safo+Fuji] groups. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed at five time points for each sample before/after treatment to evaluate mineral density within and around carious lesions. Three months following treatment, 12 samples were selected for synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis to evaluate Ag+ distribution, while 15 samples were selected for nanoindentation. Data were analyzed using Dunnett's T3 test for micro-CT and Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction (p = 0.017) for nanoindentation. The correlation between hardness and mineral change was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The Safo and Safo+Fuji groups showed significantly higher mineral recovery rates than did the control group (p < 0.001). In the Safo group, Ag+ accumulated in the deeper layers rather than the superficial layer of caries. In the Safo+Fuji group, Ag+ was found evenly distributed throughout caries, with only a few Ag+ detected in the GIC layer. Hardness in the Safo+Fuji group was significantly higher compared with the Safo group at depths in the range of 10-50 µm. CONCLUSION In the presence of GICs, SDF exhibited high remineralization capacity when diffusing throughout carious lesions over time. Combined treatment with SDF and GIC could strengthen root dentin even in the presence of caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We found that combination treatment with SDF and GIC could increase mineral density in caries and improve the hardness of the tooth structure compared with fluoride-based agents alone. These findings might pave the way for future clinical trials to determine the therapeutic potential of nanotechnology-based restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Go Inoue
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Oki Sekizawa
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Nitta
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Predapramote V, Tantilertanant Y, Srisawasdi S. Evaluation of resin infiltration for inhibiting initial caries progression: An in vitro study using Micro-Computed Tomographic analysis. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:745-750. [PMID: 38766302 PMCID: PMC11096623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the changes in lesion depth and mineral density of resin infiltration-treated white spot lesions against a simulated oral environment using thermal and acidic challenges in vitro. Materials and methods Two enamel slabs were prepared from each buccal surface of permanent human premolars, for a total of 56 slabs. Artificial white spot lesions were induced. One specimen was treated with resin infiltration, while the other was used as an untreated control. A micro-CT was used to assess the lesion depth and mineral density of each specimen. Subsequently, all specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermocycling and pH cycling for 10 days before being re-evaluated using the micro-CT. Lesion depth and mineral density were examined and compared between before and after aging procedures within each group by the paired sample t-test. The independent samples t-test was utilized to compare lesion depth progression and percentage change of mineral density between groups. Results After aging, there was both a significant lesion depth progression and a mineral loss in the control and resin infiltration groups. Mean lesion depth progression was 132.88 ± 4.18 µm for the control group and 52.31 ± 4.16 µm for resin infiltration group. Percentage mineral density loss as a percentage for the control and resin infiltration groups were 16.1 ± 0.64 % and 8.83 ± 0.30 %, respectively. The resin infiltration group demonstrated a significantly lower mean lesion depth progression and percentage changes in mineral loss compared to the control group. Conclusions The lesion depth and mineral density changes in the resin infiltrated-treated group were lower than untreated white spot lesions after aging procedures using thermal and acidic challenges. Clinical significance Resin infiltration is a promising approach to inhibit the progression of white spot lesions related to the initial stage of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vongnart Predapramote
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yanee Tantilertanant
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirivimol Srisawasdi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Kiesow A, Morawietz M, Gruner J, Gierth S, Berthold L, Schneiderman E, St John S. High-Resolution Characterization of Enamel Remineralization Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy. Caries Res 2024; 58:407-420. [PMID: 38330936 DOI: 10.1159/000535979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the suitability of high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for visualizing cross-sectional changes in human enamel microstructure and chemical composition during treatment and remineralization cycling of artificially generated caries lesions underneath an artificial plaque. METHODS Treatments consisted of exposure to twice daily toothpaste/water slurries prepared from 0, 1,100, and 5,000 μg/g fluoride (F) NaF/silica toothpastes. In addition, treatments with slurries prepared from 1,100 μg/g F SnF2/silica toothpastes were done using 44Ca in the remineralization solution to allow for differentiation of newly formed mineral and exploration of incorporated metal dopants using ToF-SIMS. Complementary microhardness, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigations were performed on enamel cross sections. RESULTS HR-TEM was used for the first time to determine the change in crystallinity during remineralization revealing distinct microstructural zones within one lesion. Chemical mapping using ToF-SIMS demonstrated that the distribution of F, while observed primarily in the new mineral phase, was widespread throughout the lesion with 44Ca substantially limited to the remineralizing mineral. Both penetrated the inter-rod spaces of the sound enamel illustrating how acid damage propagates into the native mineral as the caries lesion deepens. HR-TEM examination revealed different regions within the lesion characterized by distinct micro- and ultrastructures. Importantly, HR-TEM revealed a return of crystallinity following remineralization. F dose-response observations verified the ability of these high-resolution techniques to differentiate remineralization efficacy. CONCLUSION The collective results provided new insights such as the visualization of F or calcium penetration pathways, as well as new tools to study the caries process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiesow
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria Morawietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jennifer Gruner
- Oral Care Research and Development, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephan Gierth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lutz Berthold
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Schneiderman
- Oral Care Research and Development, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel St John
- Oral Care Research and Development, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA
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Carey CM. Remineralization of Early Enamel Lesions with Apatite-Forming Salt. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:182. [PMID: 37623278 PMCID: PMC10453125 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the remineralization of ex vivo human teeth using commercially available artificial saliva, SalivaMAX®, a supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse (SSCPR). METHODS early enamel lesions were artificially induced on ex vivo human teeth by chemical means. The teeth were exposed to the SSCPR for two minutes (experimental) or dH2O (control) four times per day for a total of 35 days. At time points of 0, 2.5, 21, and 35 days, micro-CT was utilized to determine the mineral density profile across the lesion and evaluate lesion depth. The relative percent remineralization was calculated from the initial lesion depth (Time 0) at each evaluation time. Student's t-test was used to compare the extent of remineralization between the SSCPR and control groups for statistical significance at each time. To evaluate the changes in percent remineralization over time, a two-way ANOVA was used. RESULTS At Time 0 and 2.5 days, there was no difference in the percent remineralization between the SSCPR and control groups (p > 0.05). After 21 days, the teeth exposed to the SSCPR remineralized 56.7 ± 3.7%, while the control only remineralized 10.7 ± 11.0% (p < 0.0001). At day 35, the remineralization was 73.7 ± 5.4% and 18.2 ± 10.8% (p < 0.0001) for the SSCPR and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A marked increase in remineralization occurred with the use of the SSCPR. Notably, the remineralization of the SSCPR occurred deep within the tooth and progressed toward the surface over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton M Carey
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Chen X, Inoue G, Ikeda M, Sadr A, Shimada Y. Time-dependent structural changes and hypermineralisation of artificially demineralised dentine following treatment with silver diammine fluoride and glass ionomer cement. J Dent 2023; 131:104452. [PMID: 36804340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the change of mineral content in dentine lesions over time and examine the effectiveness of the combined treatment with silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and glass ionomer cement (GIC). METHODS Sixty bovine dentine specimens were divided into 4 groups: cont, Fuji, Safo, and Safo+Fuji. The specimens were imaged and measured using microcomputed tomography (microCT) at 7 time points: pre-demineralisation, after demineralisation for two weeks, immediately after treatment, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. The 3-month group was evaluated with a light microscope, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analysed by Dunn's test and Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction for microCT, and Kruskal-Wallis test and two-way analysis of variance for EDS characterisation. RESULTS MicroCT images showed high mineral density beneath dentine lesions in Safo+Fuji. The mineral density at 600 μm in Safo+Fuji increased significantly over time, while Safo showed an opposite trend (adjusted p<0.005). In Safo+Fuji, EDS revealed significantly high energy of fluorine (p<0.05, at 300 μm) and a tendency towards high energy of calcium (p>0.05). However, Safo+Fuji showed lower energy of silver compared to Safo (p<0.001). ATR-FTIR revealed that phosphate groups had the highest peak at a depth between 300 and 400 μm in Safo+Fuji. CONCLUSIONS Safo+Fuji was effective in remineralising the deep lesion in dentine after one and three months, and a hypermineralisation zone generated beneath the lesion demonstrated additional benefit in this study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This long-term in vitro study showed that SDF+GIC treatment could strengthen the structure of decayed teeth when applied in the treatment of patients with advanced rampant caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan..
| | - Go Inoue
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan..
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Oral Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan..
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA..
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan..
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Evaluation of Resin Infiltration, Fluoride and the Biomimetic Mineralization of CPP-ACP in Protecting Enamel after Orthodontic Inter-Proximal Enamel Reduction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010082. [PMID: 36810413 PMCID: PMC9944074 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of using different agents for protecting enamel proximal surfaces against acidic attack after interproximal reduction (IPR) using the trans micro radiography technique. METHODS Seventy-five sound-proximal surfaces were obtained from extracted premolars for orthodontic reasons. All teeth were measured miso-distally and mounted before being stripped. The proximal surfaces of all teeth were hand stripped with single-sided diamond strips (OrthoTechnology, West Columbia, SC, USA) followed by polishing via Sof-Lex polishing strips (3M, Maplewood, MN, USA). Three-hundred micrometers of enamel thickness was reduced from each proximal surface. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1 (control un-demineralized) received no treatment, group 2 (control demineralized) had their surfaces demineralized after the IPR procedure, group 3 (fluoride) specimens were treated with fluoride gel (NUPRO, DENTSPLY, Charlotte, NC, USA) after the IPR, group 4 (Icon) resin infiltration material (Icon Proximal Mini Kit, DMG, Bielefeld, Germany) was applied after IPR, group 5 (MI varnish) specimens were treated with Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing varnish (MI Varnish, G.C, USA, St. Alsip, IL, USA) after the IPR. The specimens in (groups 2-5) were stored in a 4.5 pH demineralization solution for 4 days. The trans-micro-radiography (TMR) technique was conducted to evaluate the mineral loss (∆Z) and lesion depth of all specimens after the acid challenge. The obtained results were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS The MI varnish recorded significant ∆Z and lesion depth values compared to the other groups p > 0.05. There was no significant difference in ∆Z and lesion depth between the control demineralized, Icon, and fluoride groups p < 0.05. CONCLUSION The MI varnish increased the enamel resistance to acidic attack, and thus can be considered an agent capable of protecting the proximal enamel surface after IPR.
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Ishizuka H, Hamba H, Nakamura K, Miyayoshi Y, Kumura H, Muramatsu T. Effects of bovine milk osteopontin on in vitro enamel remineralization as a topical application prior to immersion in remineralizing solutions with/without fluoride. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:140-146. [PMID: 36450454 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bovine milk osteopontin (OPN) on enamel remineralization as a topical application prior to immersion in remineralizing solutions with/without fluoride. Bovine enamel blocks were demineralized then were divided into the following 3 groups: OPN (2.7 and 5.4 µM) solutions and deionized water (control). Each group was divided into 2 groups (remineralizing solution with or without 1 ppm of fluoride (F)). The specimens were analyzed by micro-CT and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The percentage of remineralization was higher in remineralization solution with than without F (p<0.05). The present results suggest that bovine milk OPN inhibits remineralization in solution without F, but 5.4 µM bovine milk OPN does not inhibit remineralization of the demineralized body using solution containing F by interrupting mineral deposition on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ishizuka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yoshihito Miyayoshi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Haruto Kumura
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
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Alqareer A, Baghdady M, Alyahya A. Three-dimensional characterization of naturally developed early caries lesions using high-resolution micro-computed tomography. J Dent 2022; 126:104317. [PMID: 36195250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this micro-Computed-Tomography (μCT) study was to characterize the structural parameters of natural, early proximal enamel caries lesions and correlate them with two-dimensional radiographic findings. METHODS Extracted human premolar teeth with ICDAS score 2 proximal lesions were examined using visual-tactile, μCT and simulated bitewing radiographs (BTX). Sound enamel and caries-lesions' structural and mineral density (MD) parameters were analyzed which included surface layer (SL) status and thickness, depth of lesion, and MD. RESULTS Thirty-six extracted premolars with 54 proximal early enamel caries lesions were analyzed. Lesions varied notably in lesion depth and MD. SL thickness ranged between 20 and 139μm. Three teeth (5.6%) had micro-cavitations upon the μCT examination despite being "clinically" non-cavitated. Cavitation status had no significant association with μCT nor BTX radiographic depth. Depth of lesions correlated weakly but statistically significantly with mineral loss (ML) at body of lesion (r=0.301, p=0.027). SL thickness also correlated negatively with ML at SL (r=-0.501, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early proximal enamel lesions with ICDAS 2 score as determined by visual-tactile examination exhibited a wide range of lesion parameters and cavitation status when examined by μCT. Visual-tactile examination may fail to detect micro-cavitations in enamel surface that are detectable by μCT. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians have direct access to early proximal enamel lesions during orthodontic separation, exfoliation, extraction or restoration of adjacent teeth. This study invites the clinician to consider more decisive management options in high risk individuals (e.g. micro-invasive techniques), given the finding of vast structural variability of such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athbi Alqareer
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923 Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Mariam Baghdady
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923 Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Asma Alyahya
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923 Safat, 13110, Kuwait
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Tao S, Yang J, Su Z, Zhou F, Wang Z, Yang Y, Sun L, Deng Y, Liang K, Li J. A Dentin Biomimetic Remineralization Material with an Ability to Stabilize Collagen. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203644. [PMID: 35989094 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of collagen matrix structure is a prerequisite for effectively inducing biomimetic remineralization. Repeated low pH stimulation activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dental caries. Activated MMPs cause the breakdown of collagen fibrils. Collagen stabilization is a major obstacle to the clinical application of remineralization templates. Here, galardin-loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM)-NGV (PAMAM-NGV@galardin, PNG) is constructed to induce collagen stabilization and dentin biomimetic remineralization simultaneously, in order to combat early caries in dentin. PAMAM acts in the role of nucleation template for dentin remineralization, while galardin acts as the role of MMPs inhibitor. NGV peptides modified on the surface of dendrimer core can form small clusters with synergistic movement in short range, and those short-range clusters can form domain areas with different properties on the surface of PAMAM core and restrict the movement of collagen, favoring collagen crosslinking, which can be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. NGV peptides and galardin show a dual collagen-protective effect, laying the foundation for the dentin remineralization effect induced by PAMAM. PNG induces dentin remineralization in an environment with collagenase, meanwhile showsing anti-dentin caries efficacy in vivo. These findings indicate that PNG has great potential to combat early dentin caries for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhifei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fangjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lizhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Dual-functional adhesive containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate promoted enamel remineralization in a biofilm-challenged environment. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1518-1531. [PMID: 35907751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cariogenic biofilm on enamel, restoration, and bonding interface is closely related to dental caries and composite restoration failure. Enamel remineralization at adhesive interface is conducive to protecting bonding interface and inhibiting secondary caries. This study intended to assess the remineralization efficiency of adhesive with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on initial caries lesion of biofilm-coated enamel. METHODS Artificial initial carious lesion was created via 72-hour immersion in demineralization solution and cariogenic biofilm was formed after 24-hour culture of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Specimens were then divided into 4 groups: enamel control, enamel treated with NACP, DMAHDM and NACP+DMAHDM respectively. Samples next underwent 7-day cycling, 4 h in BHIS (brain heart infusion broth containing 1 % sucrose) and 20 h in AS (artificial saliva) per day. The pH of BHIS was tested daily. So did the concentration of calcium and phosphate in BHIS and AS. Live/dead staining, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and lactic acid production of biofilms were measured 7 days later. The enamel remineralization efficiency was evaluated by microhardness testing and transverse microradiography (TMR) quantitatively. RESULTS Enamel of NACP+DMAHDM group demonstrated excellent remineralization effectiveness. And the NACP+DMAHDM adhesive released a great number of Ca2+ and PO43- ions, increased pH to 5.81 via acid neutralization, decreased production of lactic acid, and reduced CFU count of S. mutans (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The NACP+DMAHDM adhesive would be applicable to preventing secondary caries, strengthening enamel-adhesive interface, and extending the lifespan of composite restoration.
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12
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Terakulvanich P, Auychaiwatt P, Ekkert S, Jirakran K, Trairatvorakul C, Sriarj W. Fluoridated milk enhances the mineral density of artificial proximal carious lesions in situ. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:346-353. [PMID: 34903116 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2014067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the mineral density (MD) of non-fluoridated-milk (non-F-milk), fluoridated-milk (F-milk), adjunctive to 1000-ppm-fluoride dentifrice (FD), and 1000-ppm-FD alone of proximal artificial enamel carious lesions (AECL) in high caries-risk patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind, cross-over in situ study comprised seven high caries-risk volunteers. Orthodontic brackets with one slab of AECL were fixed randomly to each volunteer per phase. The study comprised three experimental periods with a 7-d wash-out period using FD between sessions; (1) A four-week tooth brushing with FD 2×/day by all subjects as a control. The participants were then randomly allocated to (2) drinking 2.5-ppm-F-milk 1×/day or (3) non-F-milk 1×/day, adjunctive to tooth-brushing with FD for 4-weeks. The subjects crossed over from each type of milk and continued the same protocol for another four weeks. After each phase, the MD of each specimen was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). RESULTS The baseline MD was not significantly differences (p = .653). When brushing with FD and drinking F-milk, the MD gain was significantly higher (11.68 ± 2.89%) compared with brushing with FD and drinking non-F-milk (4.59 ± 1.78%) (p = .003) or brushing with FD alone (5.30 ± 2.10%) (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS F-milk adjunctive to FD significantly increased MD gain compared with non-F-milk + FD or FD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Maximizing Thai Children’s Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Trairatvorakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannakorn Sriarj
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Hong SC, Lee DY, Kim YJ. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the effect of fluoride agents on white spot lesions: An in vitro study. Korean J Orthod 2022; 52:75-79. [PMID: 35046144 PMCID: PMC8770966 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2022.52.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate remineralizing effect of three fluoride regimens on artificially demineralized enamel around orthodontic bracket by analyzing mineral density (MD) acquired from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods Forty-eight bracket bonded bovine incisors were prepared to create demineralized enamel (DE) surface. The samples were divided into four groups according to the fluoride regimen: 1) no fluoridation, 2) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, 3) fluoridated toothpaste, and 4) 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash. Micro-CT was scanned after demineralization (T0), and 2 weeks (T1) and 4 weeks (T2) of fluoridation. Results APF gel showed highest remineralization of DE during T1-T0 interval among the groups (p < 0.05); followed by toothpaste, mouthwash and no fluoridation. APF gel and toothpaste demonstrated significant increase in MD after 4 weeks of application (p < 0.05). Conclusions Remineralization effects of three fluoride regimens were depicted through micro-CT analysis, of which APF gel was most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Chan Hong
- Major in Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yul Lee
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae-Jin Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Evaluation of the ability of adhesives with antibacterial and remineralization functions to prevent secondary caries in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3637-3650. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Ghavami-Lahiji M, Davalloo RT, Tajziehchi G, Shams P. Micro-computed tomography in preventive and restorative dental research: A review. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 51:341-350. [PMID: 34987994 PMCID: PMC8695474 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans in biomedical and dental research is growing rapidly. This study aimed to explore the scientific literature on approaches and applications of micro-CT in restorative dentistry. Materials and Methods An electronic search of publications from January 2009 to March 2021 was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search included only English-language articles. Therefore, only studies that addressed recent advances and the potential uses of micro-CT in restorative and preventive dentistry were selected. Results Micro-CT is a tool that enables 3-dimensional imaging on a small scale with very high resolution. In this method, there is no need for sample preparation or slicing. Therefore, it is possible to examine the internal structure of tissue and the internal adaptation of materials to surfaces without destroying them. Due to these advantages, micro-CT has been recommended as a standard imaging tool in dental research for many applications such as tissue engineering, endodontics, restorative dentistry, and research on the mineral density of hard tissues and bone growth. However, the high costs of micro-CT, the time necessary for scanning and reconstruction, computer expertise requirements, and the enormous volume of information are drawbacks. Conclusion The potential of micro-CT as an emerging, accurate, non-destructive approach is clear, and the valuable research findings reported in the literature provide an impetus for researchers to perform future studies focusing on employing this method in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji
- Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Tayefeh Davalloo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Gelareh Tajziehchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Paria Shams
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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16
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Tao S, Yang X, Liao L, Yang J, Liang K, Zeng S, Zhou J, Zhang M, Li J. A novel anticaries agent, honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) dendrimer, for simultaneous long-term antibacterial treatment and remineralization of demineralized enamel. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1337-1349. [PMID: 34175131 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing agents to induce enamel self-repair and inhibit the progression of dental caries in the early stage have been proven to be inadequate and far from satisfactory. In this study, a honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (PAMH) was constructed to combat early caries lesions in enamel. METHODS PAMH was prepared via a codissolution method. Computational simulation analysis was used to explore the mechanism of honokiol release. The cytotoxicity of PAMH was tested. The antibacterial effects of PAMH were tested by planktonic growth assays and biofilm formation inhibition assays. The remineralization effect of PAMH was examined via transverse microradiography and scanning electron microscopy after a pH cycling model. The in vivo anti-caries effect of PAMH was carried out in a rat model. RESULTS Honokiol released from PAMH was slower but more durable in a cariogenic pH environment than in a neutral pH environment, which could be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. Under electrostatic action, P3 beads with the same charge repelled each other and extended outwards, resulting in the rapid expansion of the PAMAM dendrimer and accelerating the release of the drug. At a low pH of 5.5, the protonated P3 beads were not charged and the protonated P1 beads were positively charged. However, the electrostatic repulsive interaction between protonated P1 beads was restricted by the P3 beads in the outermost layer of the PAMAM dendrimer, so the swelling rate was relatively slow, resulting in the slow release of drug molecules in the acidic environment. The cytotoxicity demonstration and the biocompatibility experiment in animal study showed that PAMH is biologically safe. PAMH showed excellent enamel remineralizing ability after pH cycling and showed a long-term antibacterial effect in vitro. Meanwhile, PAMH showed long-term anticaries efficacy in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicated that PAMH had great potential to combat early caries lesions in enamel for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sijun Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, School Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, School Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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17
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Koike S, Hamba H, Tagami J, Ono T. Effect of fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets: An in vitro µCT analysis. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1243-1249. [PMID: 34121023 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin on the degree of enamel demineralization typically detected around orthodontic brackets using μCT. Enamel-dentin blocks were prepared from bovine teeth. Brackets were attached with either 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SBC), fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SBF), or fluoride-releasing RMGIC (FLC). The specimens were subjected to demineralization (pH 4.5, 21 days) and scanned by μCT (0, 7, and 21 days). Fluoride ion release under the experimental conditions was measured. The degree of demineralization detected in SBF and FLC was significantly lower than that in SBC; there were no significant differences in the degree of demineralization detected in SBF and FLC. The level of fluoride ion detected in FLC was significantly higher than that detected in SBC. Fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin protected against enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets when compared to the results from the fluoride-free resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Koike
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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18
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Yagi K, Uemura R, Yamamoto H, Ishimoto T, Naito K, Itoh S, Matsuda Y, Okuyama K, Nakano T, Hayashi M. In-air micro-proton-induced X-ray/gamma-ray emission analysis of the acid resistance of root dentin after applying fluoride-containing materials incorporating calcium. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1142-1150. [PMID: 34024882 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study employed an in-air micro-proton-induced X-ray/gamma-ray emission system to assess the effectiveness of fluoride-containing materials (FCMs) incorporating calcium in preventing root caries. Dentin surfaces of human third molars were coated with one of three FCMs: fluoride-releasing glass-ionomer cement (F7) and experimental materials in which half (P1) or all (P2) of the strontium in F7 was replaced with calcium. Dentin without FCM coating served as the control. Specimens were immersed in saline at 37°C for 1 month, sectioned, and then demineralized. Calcium loss after demineralization was lower in the Ca-substituted groups than in the Ca-unsubstituted groups (p<0.05). Calcium loss was negatively correlated with fluoride uptake (p<0.01). In the F7, P1, and P2 groups, the retraction of the dentin surface was significantly suppressed as compared with the control group. FCMs incorporating calcium improved the acid resistance of root dentin and could help prevent root caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yagi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Reo Uemura
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Katsuaki Naito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shousaku Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Katsushi Okuyama
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Braga AS, de Melo FPDSR, Saldanha LL, Dokkedal AL, Meissner T, Bemmann M, Schulz-Kornas E, Haak R, Abdelbary MMH, Conrads G, Magalhães AC, Esteves-Oliveira M. The Effect of Solutions Containing Extracts of Vochysia tucanorum Mart., Myrcia bellaCambess., Matricaria chamomilla L. and Malva sylvestris L. on Cariogenic Bacterial Species and Enamel Caries Development. Caries Res 2021; 55:193-204. [PMID: 34000728 DOI: 10.1159/000515234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of experimental solutions containing plant extracts on bacterial species and enamel caries prevention. Microcosm biofilm was produced from human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) on bovine enamel for 5 days (3 days under anaerobiosis and 2 days under aerobiosis) at 37°C. From the 2nd day, the following treatments were applied (1 × 60 s/day): Vochysia tucanorum (10 mg/mL); Myrcia bella (5 mg/mL); Matricaria chamomilla (80 mg/mL); Malva sylvestris, fluoride, and xylitol (Malvatricin Plus®); 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX, PerioGard®); and PBS (negative control). The medium pH was measured. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Enamel demineralization was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The data were compared by means of the Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni, and ANOVA/Tukey tests (p < 0.05). The pH decreased after sucrose exposure; only CHX reestablished pH >5.5 by the last day. CHX also eliminated Lactobacillusspp., but the other treatments did not differ significantly from PBS. Malvatricin Plus® and CHX eliminated S. mutans, but the other treatments did not differ from PBS. Similar results were seen concerning the reduction of lesion depth and reflectivity. The experimental natural-extract solutions were ineffective against cariogenic bacteria and in preventing the development of enamel caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tobias Meissner
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bemmann
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mostafa Hefny Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Restorative, Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Fan M, Yang J, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Tao S, Yu Z, Liu Y, Li M, Zhou X, Liang K, Li J. Remineralization effectiveness of adhesive containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles on artificial initial enamel caries in a biofilm-challenged environment. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5375-5390. [PMID: 33891172 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries is closely associated with acid-producing bacteria, and Streptococcus mutans is one of the primary etiological agents. Bacterial accumulation and dental demineralization lead to destruction of bonding interface, thus limiting the longevity of composite. The present study investigated remineralization effectiveness of adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a stimulated oral biofilm environment. METHODS The enamel blocks were immersed in demineralization solution for 72 h to imitate artificial initial carious lesion and then subjected to a Streptococcus mutans biofilm for 24 h. All the samples then underwent 4-h demineralization in brain heart infusion broth with sucrose (BHIS) and 20-h remineralization in artificial saliva (AS) for 7 days. The daily pH of BHIS after 4-h incubation, lactic acid production, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and content of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) in biofilm were evaluated. Meanwhile, the remineralization effectiveness of enamel was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface microhardness testing, transverse microradiography (TMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The NACP adhesive released abundant Ca and P, achieved acid neutralization, reduced lactic acid production, and lowered CFU count (P < 0.05). Enamel treated with NACP adhesive demonstrated the best remineralization effectiveness with remineralization value of 52.29 ± 4.79% according to TMR. Better microhardness recovery of cross sections and ample mineral deposits were also observed in NACP group. CONCLUSIONS The NACP adhesive exhibited good performance in remineralizing initial enamel lesion with cariogenic biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE The NACP adhesive is promising to be applied for the protection of bonding interface, prevention of secondary caries, and longevity prolonging of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Nakamura K, Hamba H, Miyayoshi Y, Ishizuka H, Muramatsu T. In vitro remineralization of enamel with a solution containing casein and fluoride. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1109-1114. [PMID: 33883330 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of casein in a remineralization solution on enamel remineralization. Bovine blocks were demineralized for 21 days, then, allocated into four groups. The specimens were remineralized for 21 days in the following artificial saliva solutions: 1) 0 µg/mL casein, 0 ppm fluoride (F) (C0-F0); 2) 0 µg/mL casein, 1 ppm F (C0-F1); 3) 10 µg/mL casein, 0 ppm F (C10-F0); and 4) 10 µg/mL casein, 1 ppm F (C10-F1). Micro-CT analyses were performed once a week. Specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The present results suggest that casein by itself inhibits remineralization, whereas the coexistence of casein and F promotes the remineralization of caries bodies by interrupting mineral deposition on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yoshihito Miyayoshi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Hisako Ishizuka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
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Abbassy MA, Bakry AS, Almoabady EH, Almusally SM, Hassan AH. Characterization of a novel enamel sealer for bioactive remineralization of white spot lesions. J Dent 2021; 109:103663. [PMID: 33857545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 45S5 Bioglass is a bioactive glass capable of releasing ions that can interact with dental hard tissues. The current study aimed at examining the effectiveness of 45S5 Bioglass in remineralizing enamel white spot lesion (WSL) as well as its effect on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to demineralized enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS WSLs were induced in the buccal surfaces of 135 human extracted teeth by storage in acid solution pH 4.5 for four days. The specimens were then equally divided into three groups; Demineralized group, Bioglass group (BG), and control group (intact enamel). The groups were chemically analyzed using (FTIR/ATR) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance, (XRD) X-ray diffraction, and (SEM/EDS) scanning electron microscope equipped with electron-dispersive-spectroscopy. Moreover, 10 specimens from each group were tested using Transverse Micro Radiography (TMR) technique, and 15 specimens from each group were bonded with metal orthodontic brackets and tested for shear bond strength test (SBS). The data were analyzed statistically using One way ANOVA p < 0.05. RESULTS TMR study showed that bioglass group samples recorded lesion depth of 70.19 ± 29.21 μm and Δ Z (mineral loss) 732.15 ± 210.16 vol% μm which was significantly lower than the demineralized specimens having lesion depth of 115.75 ± 19.98 μm and Δ Z (mineral loss) 3472.69 ± 738.38 vol%μm, moreover, bioglass specimens recorded 14.15 ± 2.35 Mpa which was significantly higher than demineralized specimens 6.82+1.83 Mpa but less than the control specimens 20.5 + 6.1 MPa (p < 0.05). FTIR/ATR, XRD, and SEM/EDS tests showed that bioglass paste formed a layer of brushite crystals onto the treated enamel surface. CONCLUSION 45S5 bioglass paste may serve as an effective remineralizing agent for demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Bakry
- Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21614, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ali H Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Shimizu M, Matsui N, Sayed M, Hamba H, Obayashi S, Takahashi M, Tsuda Y, Takagaki T, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Micro-CT assessment of the effect of silver diammine fluoride on inhibition of root dentin demineralization. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1041-1048. [PMID: 33775984 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of different types of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) to inhibit dentin demineralization using micro-focused X-ray computed-tomography (µCT). Dentin specimens were divided into five groups (n=10); no-treatment (control), 3.8% SDF (RC), 38% SDF, 38% SDF with potassium iodide (SDF/KI), and potassium fluoride (KF). The treated-dentin surfaces were subjected to demineralization for 7-days and assessed using µCT to determine mineral loss (ML) values. Specimens were also analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The ML values of the SDF and KF groups were significantly lower than those of the RC and SDF/KI groups. EDS detected fluoride ions in the SDF and KF groups but not in the RC and SDF/KI groups. It was concluded that 38% SDF demonstrated a high ability to inhibit dentin demineralization while additional application of KI may diminish the inhibitory effect of SDF. The amount of dentin demineralization with SDF treatments was material dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Mahmoud Sayed
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Sho Obayashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Motoi Takahashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yuka Tsuda
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tomohiro Takagaki
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Obayashi S, Hamba H, Nakamura K, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Preventive effect of experimental polymer-based desensitizers with NaF on demineralization of root dentin -observed using micro-CT. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:1050-1056. [PMID: 32684611 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effect of experimental polymer-based desensitizers with NaF and oxalic acid (OA) for preventing root demineralization via observation using micro-CT. Bovine root dentin surfaces were treated with coating materials: no treatment; MS0(+) (MS Coat One®); MS3000(+) (MS Coat®); MS0(-); MS3000(-); MS7000(+/-); fluoride gel (NaF9000). MS; MS polymer, 0-7000; NaF concentrations, (+/-); OA. The specimens were scanned using micro-CT before and after demineralization (pH4.5, 10 h). Following this, the mean mineral loss (ML) after demineralization was calculated, and the specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ML values of MS3000(+), MS7000(-), MS7000(+) and NaF9000 were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). Under an SEM, a membrane structure was observed to have formed on the dentin surface in the presence of the MS, fluoride, and OA. The experimental polymer-based desensitizer with oxalic acid and a high concentration of fluoride is effective for preventing root demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Obayashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Abbassy MA, Bakry AS, Hill R, Habib Hassan A. Fluoride bioactive glass paste improves bond durability and remineralizes tooth structure prior to adhesive restoration. Dent Mater 2020; 37:71-80. [PMID: 33239220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed at examining a fluoride containing bioactive glass (BiominF®) paste as a temporary filling material capable of remineralizing the demineralized enamel or dentin, and its ability to decrease a simulated dentinal fluids pressure on the resin/dentin interface, without affecting the shear bond strength of a universal bonding agent to enamel and dentin. METHODS 60 premolars were utilized for the acid resistance, trans-microradiography (TMR) and shear bond strength (SBS) experiments. Enamel and dentin discs were demineralized for 4 days to create a subsurface demineralized zone followed by applying BiominF® paste, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, or a temporary filling material for 24 h. 30 extracted human non-carious third molars were utilized for the pulpal pressure experiment in which direct communication to the pulp chamber was created by cutting at a level approximately 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction while the coronal enamel was ground to expose mid coronal dentin. The dentin surface was exposed to a simulated pulpal pressure. The dentin surfaces had BiominF® paste, an oxalate desensitizing agent, or temporary filling material followed by application of a universal adhesive system. RESULTS One way ANOVA showed that BiominF® paste remineralized effectively the demineralized enamel or dentin, did not affect the bond strength of the enamel and dentin surfaces to the tested adhesive system p < 0.05, and improved the acid resistance of the demineralized enamel and dentin against a secondary erosive challenge. Moreover, BiominF® paste decreased the nanoleakage expression in the dentin/adhesive interface exposed to a simulated pulpal pressure. SIGNIFICANCE BiominF® paste may serve as a temporary filling material that may improve the longevity of adhesive restorations and help to conserve tooth structures by preserving the demineralized enamel and dentin form cutting during cavity preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aly Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Samir Bakry
- Esthetic and Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Robert Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Habib Hassan
- Alfarabi Private College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Hamba H, Nakamura K, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Muramatsu T. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions using toothpaste containing tricalcium phosphate and fluoride: an in vitro µCT analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:292. [PMID: 33109184 PMCID: PMC7590595 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the efficacies of experimental toothpastes containing functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) with and without fluoride for in vitro enamel remineralization under pH-cycling conditions. Methods To create artificial white spot lesions, 36 bovine enamel specimens were immersed in a demineralization solution for 10 days. During pH-cycling for 12 days, the specimens were divided into four groups based on the experimental toothpaste type used: (a) fTCP-free, fluoride-free (fTCP − F −); (b) fTCP-containing, fluoride-free (fTCP + F −); (c) fTCP-free, fluoride-containing (fTCP − F +); and (d) fTCP-containing, fluoride-containing (fTCP + F +). Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) scans of all specimens were obtained before demineralization, after demineralization, and after pH-cycling. The mineral density and mineral loss (ΔZ) in the enamel subsurface lesions were measured and the percentage of remineralization (%R) was calculated from ΔZ after demineralization and pH-cycling. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test was used for statistical analysis of the %R values. The treated enamel surface was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The fTCP − F − group presented with the lowest amount of mineral gain after pH-cycling. In contrast, the fTCP + F + group showed the highest degree of remineralization within all lesion parts. The %R was highest in the fTCP + F + group (38.2 ± 7.8, all P < 0.01). SEM revealed the presence of small crystals on the enamel rods in the fTCP + F − and fTCP + F + groups. Conclusions The experimental toothpaste containing fTCP and fluoride increased remineralization of the artificial enamel subsurface lesions during pH-cycling. Furthermore, fTCP and fluoride appear to act independently on the remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions, although they coexisted in one toothpaste type. Trial registration: This is not a human subject research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan. .,Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
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27
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Tao S, Su Z, Xiang Z, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Fan M, Yu Z, Zhou X, Liang K, Li J. Nano-calcium phosphate and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate adhesive for dentin remineralization in a biofilm-challenged environment. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e316-e328. [PMID: 32847685 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dentin remineralization at the bonded interface would protect it from external risk factors, therefore, would enhance the longevity of restoration and combat secondary caries. Dental biofilm, as one of the critical biological factors in caries formation, should not be neglected in the assessment of caries preventive agents. In this work, the remineralization effectiveness of demineralized human dentin in a multi-species dental biofilm environment via an adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) was investigated. METHODS Dentin demineralization was promoted by subjecting samples to a three-species acidic biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii for 24h. Samples were divided into a control group, a DMAHDM adhesive group, an NACP group, and an NACP+DMAHDM adhesive group. A bonded model containing a control-bonded group, a DMAHDM-bonded group, an NACP-bonded group, and an NACP+DMAHDM-bonded group was also included in this study. All samples were subjected to a remineralization protocol consisting of 4-h exposure per 24-h period in brain heart infusion broth plus 1% sucrose (BHIS) followed by immersion in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The pH of BHIS after 4-h immersion was measured every other day. After 14 days, the biofilm was assessed for colony-forming unit (CFU) count, lactic acid production, live/dead staining, and calcium and phosphate content. The mineral changes in the demineralized dentin samples were analyzed by transverse microradiography. RESULTS The in vitro experiment results showed that the NACP+DMAHDM adhesive effectively achieved acid neutralization, decreased biofilm colony-forming unit (CFU) count, decreased biofilm lactic acid production, and increased biofilm calcium and phosphate content. The NACP+DMAHDM adhesive group had higher remineralization value than the NACP or DMAHDM alone adhesive group. SIGNIFICANCE The NACP+DMAHDM adhesive was effective in remineralizing dentin lesion in a biofilm model. It is promising to use NACP+DMAHDM adhesive to protect bonded interface, inhibit secondary caries, and prolong the longevity of restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhifei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenting Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Remineralization effectiveness of the PAMAM dendrimer with different terminal groups on artificial initial enamel caries in vitro. Dent Mater 2020; 36:210-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Galkin S, Levitskaya A, Gileva O, Libik T, Lomiashvili L. The combined approach to evaluation of mechanical behavior of tooth enamel in artificially induced caries lesions. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202202027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved knowledge of caries initiation and progression on the base of modern mechanobiology could facilitate effective preventing and therapeutic strategies. Not all of previously developed experimental models of artificial caries comply with required standards. The aim of the study was to investigate microstructural and mechanical properties of 12 artificial caries lesions, induced on human intact premolars according to original protocol. The tooth specimens were subjected to imaging by X-ray CT system Nikon Metrology XT H 225, with further morphometric analysis of lesion geometry, depth, surface layer thickness and mineral density in the areas of interest. Mechanical characteristics (penetration depth, microhardness, elastic modulus) in enamel lesion, perifocal intact enamel and remote zones were obtained using Micro CombiTester system. Clinically all lesions fully corresponded to ICDAS – 2 code. According to µCT data, LDµCT of the lesions ranged from 346.4 to 531 µm, mineral density range from 2.03±0.15 g/cm3 in transparent zone to 1.05±0.08 g/cm3 in the surface zone of the lesion. Microhardness of demineralized enamel lesion more than 5 times reduced in comparison with perifocal and remote intact enamel. Nanoindentation and µCT data are corresponds to those presenting on the base of other classical protocols of artificial caries formation and close to the typical mechanical characteristics of enamel caries in vivo.
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30
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Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Oenning AC, Rovaris K, Bolan M, Porporatti AL, De Luca Canto G. Validity of micro-CT for in vitro caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 49:20190347. [PMID: 31709810 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the validity of micro-CT for in vitro caries detection in comparison with histology as the reference standard. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from their inception to 16 January 2019. Grey literature was searched on Open Grey, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database and Google Scholar. In vitro studies assessing the validity of micro-CT for caries detection were included when compared with histology as the reference standard were included. Two authors independently collected the information and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, as well as diagnostic odds ratios were calculated. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. RESULTS A total of 270 papers were identified, and after a 2-phase selection, 12 studies were included in qualitative and three in quantitative synthesis. For enamel caries diagnostic, sensitivity values ranged from 29.0 to 84.0% indicating high variability while specificity varied from 88.0 to 95.0% indicating good to excellent micro-CT capability do identify the true negative. For dentine caries diagnostic, sensitivity values ranged from 61.0 to 77.0% indicating fair-to-good probability of micro-CT to identify the true positives, while specificity varied from 88.0 to 94.0%. The majority of the included studies presented low risk of bias and moderate certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the validity of micro-CT for in vitro caries detection in comparison with histology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Massignan
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Rovaris
- Department of Pathology and Dentistry Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Michele Bolan
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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31
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Soares Dos Santos DM, Braga AS, Rizk M, Wiegand A, Magalhães AC. Comparison between micro-computed tomography and transverse microradiography of sound dentine treated with fluorides and demineralized by microcosm biofilm. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:508-514. [PMID: 31584713 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to apply micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and transverse microradiography (TMR) to measure dentine demineralization and to test the preventive effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) under microcosm biofilm. Sound dentine specimens from bovine root were treated for 6 h with: (i) 4.0% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) varnish [pH 1.0, 2.45% fluoride (F-); (ii) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (pH 5.0, 2.45% F); (iii) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel (pH 7.0); (iv) placebo varnish (pH 5.0); or (v) no agent (untreated). Dentine specimens were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva for 8 h. Thereafter, McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose was applied daily, for 5 d, onto dentine specimens to stimulate formation of microcosm biofilm. Although a high correlation was found between the results of both methods regarding integrated mineral loss, the results of the methods did not show good agreement in Bland-Altman plots, with significant biases in calculations of lesion depth. Fluoride varnishes were able to reduce dentine demineralization (P < 0.05), while CHX failed to do so. Fluorides are still the best option to reduce dentine demineralization. Micro-CT may be used to measure dentine mineral loss, but not the lesion depth, for which TMR is superior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline S Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marta Rizk
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana C Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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32
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Tao S, He L, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Fan M, Yu Z, Zhang M, Zhou X, Liang K, Li J. Dentin remineralization via adhesive containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles in a biofilm-challenged environment. J Dent 2019; 89:103193. [PMID: 31476321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The remineralization of dentin at a bonded interface would help to strengthen the bonded interface and inhibit secondary caries, and would prolong the longevity of restoration. The aim of this study was to investigate the remineralization of demineralized human dentin in a dental biofilm environment via an adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). METHODS Dentin demineralization was promoted by subjecting samples to a Streptococcus mutans acidic biofilm for 24 h. Samples were divided into a control group, a commercial fluoride-releasing adhesive group, and an NACP adhesive group. All samples were subjected to a remineralization protocol consisting of 4-h exposure per 24-h period in brain heart infusion broth plus 1% sucrose (BHIS) followed by immersion in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The pH of BHIS after 4-h immersion was measured every other day. After 10 days, the biofilm was assessed for colony-forming unit (CFU) count, lactic acid production, live/dead staining, and calcium and phosphate content. The mineral changes in the demineralized dentin samples were analyzed by transverse microradiography, hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction characterization, and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The NACP adhesive achieved acid neutralization, decreased biofilm CFU count, decreased biofilm lactic acid production, and increased biofilm calcium and phosphate content (P < 0.05). The NACP adhesive group had higher remineralization value than the commercial fluoride-releasing adhesive group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The NACP adhesive was effective in remineralizing dentin lesions in a biofilm model. Its ability to protect bond interface, inhibit secondary caries, and prolong the longevity of restoration is promising. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using NACP-containing adhesives could be recommended because of the protective ability of its hybrid layer even under a biofilm-challenged environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Bhongsatiern P, Manovilas P, Songvejkasem M, Songsiripradubboon S, Tharapiwattananon T, Techalertpaisarn P, Hamba H, Tagami J, Birkhed D, Trairatvorakul C. Adjunctive use of fluoride rinsing and brush-on gel increased incipient caries-like lesion remineralization compared with fluoride toothpaste alone in situ. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:419-425. [PMID: 30905242 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1582796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the remineralizing effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse or NaF gel as an adjunct to NaF dentifrice on incipient caries-like lesions in an in situ cross-over design study, with three sessions of 30 days each. Materials and methods: Orthodontic brackets with artificial demineralized enamel slabs were attached to the upper first molars of 12 participants. A set of 3 test specimens from the same tooth was randomly assigned to each participant and allocated into three 30-day sessions: 1) brushing with 0.22% NaF dentifrice 2 times/day (F dentifrice), 2) brushing with 0.22% NaF dentifrice 2 times/day+ rinsing with 0.05% NaF before bedtime (F mouth rinse), 3) brushing with 0.22% NaF dentifrice 2 times/day + brushing with 1.1% NaF gel before bedtime (F brush-on gel). The mineral gain and lesion depth of the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography. Results: The mean mineral gain from the NaF mouth rinse and the NaF brush-on gel was similar, but greater than that from the NaF dentifrice (p < .05). The NaF brush-on gel yielded the greatest mean depth of remineralization (168 µm), followed by the NaF mouth rinse (144 µm). Both depths were significantly greater than that of the NaF dentifrice (84 µm) (p < .05). Conclusions: Both 0.05% NaF mouth rinse and 1.1% NaF brush-on gel, used at bedtime, increased incipient caries-like lesion remineralization in situ in combination with brushing with NaF dentifrice twice a day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chutima Trairatvorakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zheng W, Ding L, Wang Y, Han S, Zheng S, Guo Q, Li W, Zhou X, Zhang L. The effects of 8DSS peptide on remineralization in a rat model of enamel caries evaluated by two nondestructive techniques. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800019827798. [PMID: 30808229 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019827798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems, affecting most individuals. It has been found that, by remineralizing enamel at an early stage in the formation of enamel caries, teeth can be effectively protected from dental caries. In this work, a peptide with eight repetitive sequences of aspartate-serine-serine (8DSS) is applied as the bio-mineralizer in an in-vivo rat enamel caries model. Nondestructive quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) imaging and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) are used to evaluate the remineralization of enamel carious lesions by measuring the total fluorescence radiance loss of the molar area (Δ QTotal), acquired using QLF-D imaging, and the mineral density and residual molar enamel volume, acquired using micro-CT. Correlations are explored between Δ QTotal and mineral density (strong correlation, r = 0.8000, p < 0.001) and Δ QTotal and residual molar enamel volume (moderate correlation, r = 0.6375, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that 8DSS is a promising in-vivo remineralization agent that exhibits comparable effects to NaF ( p < 0.05), which has been verified using the classical Keyes method. Moreover, the nondestructive QLF-D and micro-CT methods can be combined to quantify the remineralization of enamel carious lesions three-dimensionally in vivo, making them broadly applicable in quantifying hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sainan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bakry AS, Abbassy MA. The efficacy of a bioglass (45S5) paste temporary filling used to remineralize enamel surfaces prior to bonding procedures. J Dent 2019; 85:33-38. [PMID: 31039386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficacy of using a 45S5 Bioglass paste as a remineralizing temporary filling material was compared to fluoride gel (1.23% acidulated-phosphate-fluoride, Gelato Gel, NJ, USA) applied for 24 h and for 4 min and to a temporary filling material (Caviton; GC, Tokyo, Japan). METHODS 66 extracted human premolars were used. All specimens were sectioned mesio-distally. All specimens were challenged by a demineralization solution (pH4.5) for 4 days. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: (Bioglass), (Fluoride 4-minutes), (Fluoride 24-Hours), and (Temp) (n = 33). 10 specimens were examined by TMR (Transversal Microradiography)to test remineralization capacity of each agent. 8 specimens were assigned to determine the acid resistance of a bonded resin-enamel interface after the various treatment methods. 15 samples were assigned to determine the effect of each agent on the shear bond strength of a single bottle self-etch adhesive system. One way ANOVA was used to compare the obtained results (p < 0.05). RESULTS Specimens treated with 45S5 bioglass showed statistically significant reductions in (delta z) values when compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). Treatment of demineralized enamel by fluoride prior to bonding significantly decreased shear bond strength values, however 45S5 bioglass treatment did not affect the shear bond strength of adhesive system to enamel (p < 0.05). The acid-resistance of the interface between resin-enamel was significantly improved when fluoride or bioglass were applied onto the enamel surface prior to demineralization. CONCLUSIONS 45S5 bioglass paste has high potential to be used as a remineralizing temporary filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Bakry
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lee RC, Zhou Y, Finkleman S, Sadr A, Seibel EJ. Near-Infrared Imaging of Artificial Enamel Caries Lesions with a Scanning Fiber Endoscope. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1419. [PMID: 30909442 PMCID: PMC6471210 DOI: 10.3390/s19061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that near-infrared imaging has great potential for the detection of dental caries lesions. A miniature scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) operating at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths was developed and used in this study to test whether the device could be used to discriminate demineralized enamel from sound enamel. Varying depths of artificial enamel caries lesions were prepared on 20 bovine blocks with smooth enamel surfaces. Samples were imaged with a SFE operating in the reflectance mode at 1310-nm and 1460-nm in both wet and dry conditions. The measurements acquired by the SFE operating at 1460-nm show significant difference between the sound and the demineralized enamel. There was a moderate positive correlation between the SFE measurements and micro-CT measurements, and the NIR SFE was able to detect the presence of demineralization with high sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.85). This study demonstrates that the NIR SFE can be used to detect early demineralization from sound enamel. In addition, the NIR SFE can differentiate varying severities of demineralization. With its very small form factor and maneuverability, the NIR SFE should allow clinicians to easily image teeth from multiple viewing angles in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yaxuan Zhou
- Human Photonics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 Mason St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Sara Finkleman
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology (B4T) Lab, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Eric J Seibel
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Human Photonics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 Mason St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Zander V, Chan D, Sadr A. Microcomputed Tomography Evaluation of Root Dentin Caries Prevention by Topical Fluorides and Potassium Iodide. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E874. [PMID: 30791530 PMCID: PMC6412410 DOI: 10.3390/s19040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mineral content of dental hard tissues has traditionally been measured by destructive tests such as transverse microradiography. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (micro CT) has enabled non-destructive 3D assessment of tooth demineralization. This study compared the preventive effects of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) in comparison with fluoride varnish. SDF has been known to arrest caries but darkens the tooth. KI creates a precipitate with SDF that reduces the discoloration, but its effects on SDF efficacy in terms of preventing demineralization of at-risk root dentin surfaces is unknown. Bovine root dentin blocks were randomly distributed into four groups and subjected to a pretreatment in each group (n = 8); Control: deionized water (DIW); F-Varnish: 5% sodium fluoride varnish: 38% Saforide; SDF+KI: SDF followed by saturated solution of KI in DIW. The treated dentin was subjected to 8 cycles of demineralization (pH 5) for 14 h and remineralization in artificial saliva (pH 7) for 10 h. Specimens were then scanned for 12 min using micro CT at 73 KV and 1012 µA with 8.3 μm resolution. The 3D images were analyzed in Amira software to calculate lesion depth (LD), surface layer mineral density (SL) and mineral loss (ΔZ) for each specimen. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc showed that there was a statistically significant difference between Control and all three other groups for all parameters (P < 0.001), however, there was no statistical difference among F-Varnish, SDF and SDF+KI (P > 0.05). Single application of F-Varnish, SDF and SDF+KI showed comparable preventive effects against root dentin demineralization. Application of KI did not affect anti-demineralization properties of SDF in this study. Micro CT is a quick and effective method for objective and high-resolution characterization of dentin caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Zander
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Daniel Chan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Li QL, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Remineralisation of enamel with silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e344-e352. [PMID: 30482611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the remineralising effect of the adjunctive application of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on artificial enamel caries lesions. METHODS Forty-eight demineralised enamel specimens were allocated into four groups. Group 1 received 38% SDF and 5% NaF; Group 2 received 38% SDF; Group 3 received 5% NaF; and Group 4 received deionized water. After pH cycling, the surface morphology and fluoride content of the specimens were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The lesion depth and crystal characteristics were assessed using micro-computed tomography and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The crystallization reaction was performed by incubating hydroxyapatite powder with NaF or SDF for 48h. The precipitates were studied via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). RESULTS SEM demonstrated the destruction of the enamel surface in Group 4. EDS revealed that the mean fluoride weight percentage of Groups 1-4 were 1.28±0.15, 1.33±0.19, 1.03±0.09 and 0.87±0.04 respectively. The mean lesion depths of Groups 1-4 were 129±14μm, 131±16μm, 153±10μm and 181±21μm respectively. The addition of NaF to SDF did not reduce the lesion depths (p=0.779). XRD revealed that silver chloride formed as a main product in Groups 1 and 2. Meanwhile, TEM analysis indicated that silver nanoparticles were incorporated into hydroxyapatite crystal in SDF-treated hydroxyapatite. XPS spectra suggested that the chemical state of the silver was metallic. SIGNIFICANCE The adjunctive application of SDF and NaF varnish had a similar remineralising effect to that of SDF on enamel caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Quan-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Edward Chi-Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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A Novel Fluoride Containing Bioactive Glass Paste is Capable of Re-Mineralizing Early Caries Lesions. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091636. [PMID: 30200640 PMCID: PMC6163288 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
White-spot-lesions (WSL) are a common complication associated with orthodontic treatment. In the current study, the remineralization efficacy of a BiominF® paste was compared to the efficacy of a fluoride gel. Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 60 human premolars buccal surfaces, which were covered with varnish, except a small treatment area (3 mm2). All specimens were challenged by a demineralization solution for 4 days. Specimens were assigned into 4 groups: BiominF® paste, Fluoride (4-min application), fluoride (twenty four hours application), and the control (n = 15). After cross-sectioning, enamel slabs having a thickness of approximately 100–120 μm were obtained. A TMR (Transverse Micro Radiography) technique was used to observe the sub-surface enamel lesions’ depth and mineral density, and their response to the remineralization protocols. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the results (α = 0.05). The top and the cross-sectional surfaces were observed using SEM/EDS. Results: Specimens treated with BiominF® paste showed significant decrease in delta z values, however lesion depth showed no significant difference when compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). SEM/EDS observation showed the formation of crystal like structures on top of enamel demineralized surfaces, when treated with BiominF® paste. In conclusion BiominF® paste can be considered an effective remineralizing agent for white spot Lesions.
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40
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Rovaris K, Sousa Melo SL, Queiroz PM, Loch C, Schwass DR, Haiter-Neto F. Beam hardening correction tool improves the diagnosis of incipient caries lesions in Micro-CT images. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 48:20180123. [PMID: 30084261 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Beam Hardening Correction tool (BHC) on Micro-CT images used in the diagnosis of incipient caries lesions. METHODS Six posterior teeth, with 6 sound proximal surfaces and 6 natural white spot lesions, were scanned using a SkyScan1174 device. Each tooth was imaged 16 times in various acquisition parameters, and reconstructed 3 times applying different levels of BHC (0, 15 and 30%). The 288 datasets were analyzed by three examiners. Gold-standard was obtained by microscopic analyses under polarized light. Area under the ROC curve was obtained for each protocol and the BHC parameter was isolated to individually observe the influence of such parameters of reconstruction. RESULTS Microtomographic images were accurate for the diagnosis of incipient caries lesions even when the BHC tool was not applied. Accuracy was perfect in 50 % of the protocols without BHC. When adding the artefact correction, the number of protocols that reached perfect accuracy increased to 81.25%. No difference was found between the protocols that used 15 or 30% BHC. Statistically significant differences were found only in four comparisons, and on those the images that had BHC were more accurate. Two non-BHC protocols reached accuracy scores of 0.653 and 0.881, and were improved to perfect accuracy with BHC application. CONCLUSION The use of the BHC tool should be encouraged when using Micro-CT to detect incipient caries lesions, especially when low-quality parameters aiming less acquisition and processing time are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rovaris
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Saulo Leonardo Sousa Melo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | | | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Donald R Schwass
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Pires PM, Santos TP, Fonseca-Gonçalves A, Pithon MM, Lopes RT, Neves AA. Mineral density in carious dentine after treatment with calcium silicates and polyacrylic acid-based cements. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1292-1300. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Pires
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - T. P. Santos
- Laboratory for Nuclear Instrumentation; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - A. Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M. M. Pithon
- State University of Southwestern Bahia; Jequié BA Brazil
| | - R. T. Lopes
- Laboratory for Nuclear Instrumentation; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - A. A. Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Carvalho RND, Letieri ADS, Vieira TI, Santos TMPD, Lopes RT, Neves ADA, Pomarico L. Accuracy of visual and image-based ICDAS criteria compared with a micro-CT gold standard for caries detection on occlusal surfaces. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e60. [PMID: 29995065 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to check the in vitro accuracy of ICDAS criteria on digital images compared to visual examination for the diagnosis of occlusal caries against a micro-CT gold standard. ICDAS was scored in 40 extracted permanent molars by means of visual inspection and stereomicroscopic images. Visual examinations were performed in duplicate and at a one-week interval by three different calibrated examiners. The analysis of digital images by ICDAS criteria was also performed in duplicate, 1 month after visual examinations. The detection methods were compared by means of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, predictive positive and negative values, and accuracy for two different thresholds (1- sound vs. carious teeth; 2- tooth requiring operative vs. non-operative treatment). Sensitivity and accuracy values for threshold 1 in the visual ICDAS and image-based ICDAS methods were high for sensitivity (0.93 and 0.97) and for accuracy (0.83 and 0.85), but low for specificity (0.55 for both methods). Specificity values for threshold 2 were 0.77 and 0.82, while sensitivity was 0.33 and 0.28 for each method. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was 0.53 and 0.43 (p<0.05) for visual and image-based ICDAS compared to the gold standard scores. Both visual and image-based ICDAS scores were similar to each other in terms of diagnostic accuracy when compared to the micro-CT gold standard. Low specificity for the presence of caries and sensitivity for the detection of caries requiring operative treatment were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nogueira de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Letieri
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Isidro Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Maria Pires Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Laboratory for Nuclear Instrumentation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Laboratory for Nuclear Instrumentation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pomarico
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Increasing the efficiency of CPP-ACP to remineralize enamel white spot lesions. J Dent 2018; 76:52-57. [PMID: 29933004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the remineralization efficacy of using the MI paste plus according to manufacturer's instructions to MI varnish and to using a modified method of MI-paste plus application. MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 enamel specimens were obtained from the buccal and lingual surfaces of 50 extracted human non-caries third molars. All specimens were challenged by a buffered demineralization solution for 4 days, and were divided in 4 groups with 25 specimens in each group. 25 demineralized specimens had MI paste plus applied for 4 min and then wiped out (MI), 25 specimens had MI paste applied followed by application of SE-bonding agent (MI + Bond), 25 specimens had MI Varnish applied according to manufacturer instructions (MI Varnish) the rest of specimens served as controls (C). All specimens were stored for 7 days in artificial saliva. All specimens had their surface hardness (SH) measured by micro-hardness tester before/after the acidic challenge and after the treatment procedures. After the SH test all specimens were crosssectioned to obtain 100-150 micron thickness specimens to observe the lesion depth before/after treatment by the TMR (Transverse Micro Radiography) technique. RESULTS TMR experiment showed that (MI + Bond) and (MI varnish) groups recorded significant decrease in lesion depth and mineral loss of the tested subsurface lesion p < 0.05. (MI + Bond) group scored the highest significant regain of surface micro hardness results p < 0.05. CONCLUSION (MI varnish) and the modified application of MI paste are methods that can increase the efficacy of CPP-ACP in remineralizing the enamel surface lesions.
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Sumitani Y, Hamba H, Nakamura K, Sadr A, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Micro-CT assessment of comparative radiopacity of adhesive/composite materials in a cylindrical cavity. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:634-641. [PMID: 29669954 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the comparative radiopacity of adhesive/resin composite materials in cylindrical cavities using micro-computed X-ray tomography (μCT). The two-step self-etch adhesive systems, Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and FL-Bond II (FL), and flowable resin composites, Beautifil Flow F10 (BF) and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow High (MJ), were used. The radiopacity of bovine tooth structures and restorative materials was measured by μCT. In addition, cylindrical cavities prepared in bovine teeth were restored with the following adhesive/composite combinations: SE-BF, SE-MJ, FL-BF, and FL-MJ. The mean gray values of the composite restorations were calculated. The threshold values of the μCT images were evaluated using the Otsu's thresholding method. The current results show that the comparative radiopacity of the materials and tooth structure varied, which affected distinguishing the μCT images of the composite restorations in the cylindrical cavity. The proper combination of restorative materials should be considered when conducting in vitro μCT assessments of composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sumitani
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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Queiroz PM, Rovaris K, Santaella GM, Haiter-Neto F, Freitas DQ. Comparison of automatic and visual methods used for image segmentation in Endodontics: a microCT study. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 25:674-679. [PMID: 29211289 PMCID: PMC5701538 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To calculate root canal volume and surface area in microCT images, an image segmentation by selecting threshold values is required, which can be determined by visual or automatic methods. Visual determination is influenced by the operator's visual acuity, while the automatic method is done entirely by computer algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyane Mazucatto Queiroz
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Área de Radiologia Oral, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Karla Rovaris
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Área de Radiologia Oral, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Machado Santaella
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Área de Radiologia Oral, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Área de Radiologia Oral, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Área de Radiologia Oral, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Wu T, Li B, Zhou X, Hu Y, Zhang H, Huang Y, Xu HHK, Guo Q, Li M, Feng M, Peng X, Weir MD, Cheng L, Ren B. Evaluation of Novel Anticaries Adhesive in a Secondary Caries Animal Model. Caries Res 2017; 52:14-21. [PMID: 29232675 DOI: 10.1159/000481832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anticaries properties of an adhesive containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) in vivo via a secondary caries animal model. Cavities were prepared in the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats. DMADDM-containing adhesives were applied on one side and commercial adhesives on the opposite side as a control. After a 3-week feeding period to induce secondary caries, the molars were harvested for the evaluation of the secondary caries. Lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML) were measured via a micro-CT method, and a modified Keyes scoring method yielded scores for the caries lesions. Statistical analysis was divided into 2 parts: a correlation analysis between 2 evaluations with one-way ANOVA and a least-significant differences (LSD) test, and an evaluation of anticaries adhesives with a paired samples t test. The results showed that: (1) secondary caries was successfully produced in rats; (2) there was a correlation between the modified Keyes scoring method and micro-CT in the evaluation of the secondary caries; (3) the adhesive containing DMADDM significantly reduced both LD and ML (according to micro-CT), and also lowered the scores (based on the modified Keyes scoring method). This suggests that the novel DMADDM adhesive could perform an anticaries function in vivo via the secondary caries animal model which was also developed and testified in research. Secondary caries is one of the major reasons leading to the failure of caries restoration treatment. As a solution, anticaries adhesives perform well in biofilm inhibition in vitro. However, the lack of secondary caries animal models limits the evaluation of anticaries adhesives in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Queiroz PM, Rovaris K, Gaêta-Araujo H, Marzola de Souza Bueno S, Freitas DQ, Groppo FC, Haiter-Neto F. Influence of Artifact Reduction Tools in Micro–computed Tomography Images for Endodontic Research. J Endod 2017; 43:2108-2111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111245. [PMID: 29077034 PMCID: PMC5706192 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of fluoride on subsurface enamel demineralization induced by two commonly used chemical models. Forty-eight enamel blocks were demineralized at pH = 5.0 by an acetate buffer (Group 1), a lactate buffer (Group 2), an acetate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 3) and a lactate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 4) at 25 °C for 3 weeks. The surface destruction percentage (SDP), mineral loss and lesion depth of the blocks were studied using micro-computed tomography. An elemental analysis of the enamel surface was evaluated using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface micro-hardness was determined by the Knoop Hardness Test. The mean lesion depth of Groups 1 through 4 were 134.1 ± 27.2 μm, 96.1 ± 16.5 μm, 97.5 ± 22.4 μm and 91.1 ± 16.2 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3 > 4). The SDPs of groups 1 through 4 were 7.8 ± 8.93%, 0.71 ± 1.6%, 0.36 ± 1.70% and 1.36 ± 2.94% (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3, 4). The fluoride in mean weight percentages of groups 1 through 4 were 1.12 ± 0.24%, 1.10 ± 0.20%, 1.45 ± 0.40% and 1.51 ± 0.51%, respectively (p < 0.001; group 3, 4 > 1, 2). The mean Knoop hardness values of groups 1 through 4 were 27.5 ± 13.3, 39.7 ± 19.3, 73.6 ± 44.2 and 91.0 ± 57.2, respectively (p < 0.001; group 4 > 3 > 2 > 1). The chemical model using an acetate buffer solution created significantly deeper zones of subsurface demineralization on enamel than the lactate buffer solution. An acetate buffer may damage the enamel surface, but the surface damage can be prevented by adding fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yagi K, Yamamoto H, Uemura R, Matsuda Y, Okuyama K, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Hayashi M. Use of PIXE/PIGE for sequential Ca and F measurements in root carious model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13450. [PMID: 29044178 PMCID: PMC5647451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of caries has conventionally been evaluated by checking changes in mineral density using transverse microradiography (TMR). Recent advances have seen development of a new measurement system, using in-air micro proton induced X-ray/gamma-ray emission (PIXE/PIGE). PIXE/PIGE enables analysis of distributions and concentrations of multiple mineral elements in a carious lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PIXE/PIGE for investigating the development of root caries. In summary, we successfully established a multi-elemental sequential measuring method using in-air micro-PIXE/PIGE to identify the dynamic distributions and concentrations of Ca and F in human root dentin. The PIXE/PIGE potentially offers a useful advantageous technique for studying carious development by using as a combination with conventional techniques such as TMR and Micro-computed tomography (µCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yagi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Uemura
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Graduate School of Dentistry, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Okuyama
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - T Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
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Boca C, Truyen B, Henin L, Schulte AG, Stachniss V, De Clerck N, Cornelis J, Bottenberg P. Comparison of micro-CT imaging and histology for approximal caries detection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6680. [PMID: 28751671 PMCID: PMC5532299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological sectioning is a generally accepted in vitro validation method for caries detection techniques. However, it requires cumbersome sample preparation and induces irreversible sample destruction. Micro-Computer Tomography (micro-CT) allows non-destructive imaging of tooth structure. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of histological sectioning and micro-CT imaging in detecting approximal carious lesions. Unlike previous studies, evaluation is objectified by comparing visual appearance of exactly corresponding anatomical regions. Sixty extracted human teeth were scanned with a desktop micro CT system. Axial histological slices were prepared and photographed. Sample preparation, combined with dedicated image processing, ensured selection of identical anatomical regions on radiographic and histological images. Evaluation of the presence and extent of carious lesions was performed by four dentists using custom-designed software. Each section was scored independently (histo or micro CT). Scores of approximal surfaces were retained for further analysis. Spearman’s correlation coefficients (0.738 to 0.829, p < 0.0001) showed a good agreement between signs of carious lesions in the identical region obtained with both methods. Bland-Altman plots showed that 90.76% of the data points were within the limits of agreement. Micro-CT imaging was shown to provide an interesting alternative to histological sectioning as detection method for carious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boca
- Department of Electronics and Informatics - ETRO Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,EXIA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Truyen
- Department of Electronics and Informatics - ETRO Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,EXIA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Henin
- Oral Health Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A G Schulte
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - V Stachniss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - N De Clerck
- Microtomography Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Cornelis
- Department of Electronics and Informatics - ETRO Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Bottenberg
- Oral Health Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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