1
|
Schmalz G, Schwendicke F, Hickel R, Platt JA. Alternative Direct Restorative Materials for Dental Amalgam: A Concise Review Based on an FDI Policy Statement. Int Dent J 2024; 74:661-668. [PMID: 38071154 PMCID: PMC11287089 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental restorative procedures remain a cornerstone of dental practice, and for many decades, dental amalgam was the most frequently employed material. However, its use is declining, mainly driven by its poor aesthetics and by the development of tooth-coloured adhesive materials. Furthermore, the Minamata Convention agreed on a phase-down on the use of dental amalgam. This concise review is based on a FDI Policy Statement which provides guidance on the selection of direct restorative materials as alternatives to amalgam. The Policy Statement was informed by current literature, identified mainly from PubMed and the internet. Ultimately, dental, oral, and patient factors should be considered when choosing the best material for each individual case. Dental factors include the dentition, tooth type, and cavity class and extension; oral aspects comprise caries risk profiles and related risk factors; and patient-related aspects include systemic risks/medical conditions such as allergies towards certain materials as well as compliance. Special protective measures (eg, a no-touch technique, blue light protection) are required when handling resin-based materials, and copious water spray is recommended when adjusting or removing restorative materials. Cost and reimbursement policies may need to be considered when amalgam alternatives are used, and the material recommendation requires the informed consent of the patient. There is no single material which can replace amalgam in all applications; different materials are needed for different situations. The policy statement recommends using a patient-centred rather than purely a material-centred approach. Further research is needed to improve overall material properties, the clinical performance, the impact on the environment, and cost-effectiveness of all alternative materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A Platt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Ding T. A Review on the Current State of Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Dental Composites. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:165. [PMID: 38921538 PMCID: PMC11204524 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Resin-based dental composites, commonly used in dentistry, offer several advantages including minimally invasive application, esthetically pleasing appearance, and good physical and mechanical properties. However, these dental composites can be susceptible to microcracks due to various factors in the complex oral environment. These microcracks can potentially lead to clinical restoration failure. Conventional materials and methods are inadequate for detecting and repairing these microcracks in situ. Consequently, incorporating self-healing properties into dental composites has become a necessity. Recent years have witnessed rapid advancements in self-healing polymer materials, drawing inspiration from biological bionics. Microcapsule-based self-healing dental composites (SHDCs) represent some of the most prevalent types of self-healing materials utilized in this domain. In this article, we undertake a comprehensive review of the most recent literature, highlighting key insights and findings related to microcapsule-based SHDCs. Our discussion centers particularly on the preparation techniques, application methods, and the promising future of self-healing microcapsules in the field of dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tian Ding
- School of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tobias G, Chackartchi T, Mann J, Haim D, Findler M. Survival Rates of Amalgam and Composite Resin Restorations from Big Data Real-Life Databases in the Era of Restricted Dental Mercury Use. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:579. [PMID: 38927815 PMCID: PMC11201124 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay, also known as caries, is a significant medical problem that harms teeth. Treatment is based on the removal of the carious material and then filling the cavity left in the tooth, most commonly with amalgam or composite resin. The consequences of filling failure include repeating the filling or performing another treatment such as a root canal or extraction. Dental amalgam contains mercury, and there is a global effort to reduce its use. However, no consensus has been reached regarding whether amalgam or composite resin materials are more durable, and which is the best restorative material, when using randomized clinical trials. To determine which material is superior, we performed a retrospective cohort study using a large database where the members of 58 dental clinics with 440 dental units were treated. The number of failures of the amalgam compared to composite resin restorations between 2014 and 2021 were compared. Our data included information from over 650,000 patients. Between 2014-2021, 260,905 patients were treated. In total, 19,692 out of the first 113,281 amalgam restorations failed (17.49%), whereas significantly fewer composite restorations failed (11.98%) with 65,943 out of 555,671. This study indicates that composite is superior to amalgam and therefore it is reasonable to cease using mercury-containing amalgam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Tobias
- Department of Community Dentistry, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 76841, Israel;
| | - Tali Chackartchi
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 76841, Israel
| | - Jonathan Mann
- Department of Community Dentistry, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 76841, Israel;
- Dental Research Unit-Maccabi-Dent, Maccabi Healthcare Fund, Tel Aviv 6971028, Israel; (D.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Doron Haim
- Dental Research Unit-Maccabi-Dent, Maccabi Healthcare Fund, Tel Aviv 6971028, Israel; (D.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Mordechai Findler
- Dental Research Unit-Maccabi-Dent, Maccabi Healthcare Fund, Tel Aviv 6971028, Israel; (D.H.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ting S, Nguyen J, Palmer A, Rosemary Nixon AM. Contact sensitisation in oral lichen planus: An Australian perspective. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:335-344. [PMID: 37311568 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of contact sensitisation in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) has not been clearly defined. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate relevant contact sensitisers in OLP. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on OLP patients who underwent patch testing from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2020 at an Australian tertiary dermatology institution, compared to cheilitis patients patch tested over the same time period. RESULTS Ninety-six OLP patients and 152 cheilitis patients were patch tested during the 15-year period. Seventy-one (73.9%) OLP patients and 100 (65.8%) cheilitis patients recorded one or more relevant reactions. Forty-three (44.8%), 22 (22.9%), 21 (21.9%) and 17 (17.7%) OLP patients had relevant reactions to mercury-related chemicals, amalgam, spearmint and carvone, respectively, compared to 6 (3.9%), 3 (2.0%), 4 (2.6%) and 0 (0%) cheilitis patients, respectively (p-value <0.001 each). Four (4.2%) OLP patients had relevant positive reactions to sodium metabisulfite, compared to none in the cheilitis group (p-value 0.021). CONCLUSION While dental amalgam is used less frequently these days, we report that mercury (found in amalgam) and additionally spearmint and carvone are relevant sensitisers in OLP in Australia. Sodium metabisulfite may also be a relevant sensitiser in OLP, which has not previously been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarajane Ting
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Palmer
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Rosemary Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jebur N, Vinall-Collier K, Umair AA, Aggarwal VR. Dental amalgam teaching phase-out - a step too soon? Foundation trainees' experience of amalgam use in dental school compared to practice: a mixed-methods survey. Br Dent J 2023; 235:329-334. [PMID: 37684467 PMCID: PMC10491489 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore disparities in experience of UK dental foundation trainees in amalgam use at dental school compared to their first year in dental practice.Methods A modified version of the 'survey of Yorkshire dentists' targeted the dental foundation trainees. A mixed-method of quantitative and thematic content analysis was undertaken for the close-ended and free-text responses, respectively.Results Only 35% of participants described their confidence level as 'satisfactory' in placing dental amalgam before starting their dental foundation training and 51% scored the level of teaching between 'very poor' and 'satisfactory'. In total, 63% of respondents were in favour of receiving additional support in placing amalgam restorations during their undergraduate training. Participants indicated that the consequences of amalgam phase-out are increased appointment times and decreased quality of care due to patient and health service unaffordability of amalgam alternatives.Conclusion These findings raise concerns regarding newly qualified undergraduates' confidence, experience and skill in placing amalgams. This suggests the need to increase undergraduate education and training to improve undergraduates' skills and confidence in amalgam procedures to reduce the gap between the dental schools and real-world practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Jebur
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abdul-Ahad Umair
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK; Associate General Dental Practitioner, Bupa Dental Care, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Essa AY, Ahmed S, Dyason A, Karjiker F, Adam RZ. Teaching and placement of dental amalgam restorations at South African dental schools. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1118361. [PMID: 37539092 PMCID: PMC10394513 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1118361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This paper set out to investigate the relationship between teaching and clinical practice of direct posterior restoration placement at tertiary dental institutions in South Africa. Methods A cross-sectional study using a mixed methods approach was conducted, and all the South African dental schools were invited to participate. The quantitative phase of the study analyzed the Conservative Dentistry department's records of direct restorations at a single dental school. The number of amalgam and tooth-colored restorations placed by students in the fourth and fifth year of the program from 2004 to 2019 were compared. During the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were held with staff from the four dental schools involved with the teaching of direct posterior restorations. Results The predominant direct posterior restoration placed in student clinics over a 15-year period at a South African dental school was tooth colored (75%). Teaching times do not correspond to a decrease in the placement of dental amalgam restorations for both one-surface and two-surface posterior restorations and a concomitant increase in the tooth-colored restorations. Discussion Academic staff involved in teaching identified that South Africa's ratification of the Minamata Convention has consequences for dental education and training. However, all schools reported that dental amalgam would continue to be taught in the absence of an appropriate alternative.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin GSS, Chin YJ, Chong RS, Baharin F, Syed Saadun Tarek Wafa SWW, Dziaruddin N. Expert consensus on relevant topics for undergraduate paediatric dental curriculum using the fuzzy Delphi method: a new direction for Malaysian dental education. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:452. [PMID: 37407955 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric dentistry is a branch of dental specialty that focuses on dental care for children from infancy through adolescence. However, there is no standardised national undergraduate paediatric dental curriculum in Malaysia. The present study aimed to identify relevant topics for undergraduate paediatric dental curricula and to determine the appropriate cognitive and psychomotor levels for each topic based on the consensus among paediatric dental experts. METHODS Potential relevant undergraduate paediatric dentistry topics were initially drafted and revised according to the revised national competency statement. The final draft included 65 topics clustered under 18 domains. A fuzzy Delphi method was used and experts who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to anonymously ranked the importance of relevant topics using a five-point Likert scale and proposed suitable cognitive and psychomotor levels for each topic. Fuzzy evaluation was then performed, and experts were considered to have reached a consensus if the following three conditions were achieved: (a). the difference between the average and expert rating data was ≤ 0.2; (b). the average expert consensus was ˃70%; and (c). the average fuzzy number was ≥ 0.5. Subsequently, the mean ratings were used to determine the cognitive and psychomotor levels. RESULTS 20 experts participated in the survey. 64 out of 65 paediatric dentistry topics were deemed acceptable. The average fuzzy number ranged from 0.36 to 0.85, while the average Likert score ranged from 3.05 to 5.00. The topic "Dental amalgam" was rejected based on expert consensus since the average fuzzy number was 0.36. The most significant topic was "Pit and fissure sealant", followed by "Preventive advice", "Early childhood caries", "Dental caries in children & adolescent", "Management of dental caries in paediatric patients", and "Consent" which were equally ranked as the second most important topics. According to Bloom's and Simpson's taxonomies, most of the paediatric dentistry topics were rated adequate for undergraduate students at the cognitive level of "Apply" (C3) and a psychomotor level of "Guided response" (P3). CONCLUSION The current study successfully identified relevant undergraduate paediatric dentistry topics using the fuzzy Delphi method, which can facilitate future educators to improve existing Malaysian undergraduate paediatric dental curricula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Yu Jie Chin
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rob Son Chong
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Fadzlinda Baharin
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Nabihah Dziaruddin
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Thornton-Evans G, Wei L, Bernal J. Prevalence and mean number of teeth with amalgam and nonamalgam restorations, United States, 2015 through 2018. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:417-426. [PMID: 37105669 PMCID: PMC10985832 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amalgam has been used for more than 150 years as a safe and reliable restorative material. The authors described the occurrence of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in the United States in primary and permanent teeth across age groups and according to sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS The authors used clinical examination data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 for participants 2 years and older (n = 17,040). The authors estimated the prevalence and mean number of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in primary and permanent teeth according to age groups (2-5 years, 6-11 years, 12-15 years, 16-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years, and ≥ 80 years), race and ethnicity, federal poverty guideline, education, and pregnancy status. RESULTS The prevalence of amalgam restorations ranged from 4% through 69%. Overall, amalgam restorations were more prevalent in children and adolescents from racial and ethnic minority groups and families at lower poverty levels and with lower education. The mean number of teeth with nonamalgam restorations was higher than those with amalgam restorations in primary teeth of children aged 6 through 11 years, permanent teeth of those 12 through 15 years and 20 through 39 years, and women aged 20 through 49 years, regardless of pregnancy status. The mean number of amalgam restorations was higher than that for nonamalgam restorations in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Nonamalgam restorations were the most common in the primary teeth of children older than 5 years and in the permanent teeth of adults younger than 40 years. Amalgam restorations were more common in older adults. Amalgam and nonamalgam restorations were equally common in children younger than 5 years. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study findings suggest a shift from amalgam to alternative restorative materials in the United States.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin GSS, Pow KJ, Yahya NA, Foong CC, Noorani TY. Identifying relevant topics and their competency levels for dental materials science: a fuzzy Delphi study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37106354 PMCID: PMC10134517 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental materials science is an important core course in undergraduate dental programs which integrates foundational concepts of chemical engineering and materials science into clinical dentistry. The present study aimed to identify relevant dental materials science topics for Malaysian undergraduate dental curricula and to determine their appropriate competency levels in terms of cognitive and psychomotor taxonomies. METHODS Potential dental materials science topics were drafted in alignment with the revised national competency statement. The list of topics was further amended after comparing it with those recommended topics in the literature. Fuzzy Delphi method was applied. Experts were selected based on the different inclusion criteria. They ranked the topics using a five-point Likert scale and recommended the appropriate cognitive and psychomotor levels. Next, fuzzy evaluation was performed. Consensus was deemed for a topic to be included if (a) the average expert agreement was ≥ 75%, (b) the d-construct threshold value for each topic was ≤ 0.2 and (c) the average fuzzy number was ≥ 0.5. RESULTS Sixty-two experts participated in the study. They accepted 33 out of 36 potential dental materials science topics. The average Likert score and fuzzy number ranged from 3.63 to 4.92 and 0.526 to 0.784, respectively. Furthermore, "Endodontic materials" was ranked as the most significant topic. Meanwhile, many topics required dental students to demonstrate a cognitive level of "Apply" and a psychomotor level of "Guided response". Based on mean scores, "Impression materials" was rated as the most cognitively demanding topic, whilst "Temporary restorative materials" was the most demanding topic for psychomotor taxonomy. CONCLUSION The present study has identified relevant dental materials science topics and their appropriate cognitive and psychomotor levels using the Fuzzy Delphi approach. The findings of the present study form the basis for future studies to develop measurable learning outcomes, design corresponding innovative pedagogy and propose assessment criteria for each topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Kah Jun Pow
- Pulau Pinang State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 10590, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chan Choong Foong
- Medical Education and Research Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang LC, Liu FH, Su NY, Wang YH, Yang PY, Chang YC. Decreased trends of using dental amalgam filling for decayed teeth in Taiwan from 1997 to 2013. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:400-406. [PMID: 36643251 PMCID: PMC9831824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Mercury within dental amalgam has been criticized for the potential toxicity and environmental hazard. Phasing down the use of dental amalgam is the transition for amalgam free dentistry. However, little is known about dental amalgam filling (AMF) in Taiwan. In this study, time trends of AMF were measured by using National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the AMF data in registered database compiled by Taiwanese NHIRD from 1997 to 2013. The AMF data were further analyzed according to sex, age, and geographic location, respectively. Time trends of dental visits for AMF and medical expenses for AMF were also evaluated. Results The average annual AMF ratio was 8.965% of nationwide population in Taiwan. The prevalence of AMF was significantly decreased both in male and female from 1997 to 2013 (P for trend <0.0001). The decreased pattern of AMF was found by the age stratification (P for trend <0.0001). The significant fall of AMF was also displayed in six districts (P for trend <0.0001). The number of dental visits were ranged from 821,749 in 1997 to 1,313,734 in 2013. However, time trends of dental visits for AMF were significantly decreased (P for trend <0.0001). The medical expenses for AMF were simultaneous significantly decreased from 1997 to 2013 (P for trend <0.0001). Conclusion Form the results of this nationwide population-based database, a significant decrease of AMF in Taiwan was observed during past 17 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chiu Yang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsuan Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Yu Su
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Yang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Corresponding authorSchool of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cieplik F, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Federlin M, Scholz KJ. Randomized clinical split-mouth study on a novel self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative vs. a conventional bulk-fill composite for restoration of class II cavities - results after three years. J Dent 2022; 125:104275. [PMID: 36044948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This randomized prospective split-mouth study evaluated the clinical performance of a novel, tooth-colored, self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative (SABF, 3M) for restoration of class II cavities as compared to a conventional bulk-fill composite (Filtek One, 3M; FOBF) over 36 months. The null-hypothesis was that both materials perform equally regarding clinical success and performance according to the FDI clinical criteria and scoring system. METHODS 30 patients received one SABF and one FOBF restoration each. For FOBF, Scotchbond Universal (3M) was used as adhesive (self-etch mode), whereas SABF was applied without adhesive. Two blinded examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline, 24 and 36 months using FDI criteria. Data were analyzed non-parametrically (χ2-tests; α=0.05). RESULTS 29 patients were available for the 24- and 36-month examinations. Clinical success rate was 96.6% for both materials at 36-mo (one restoration failure due to secondary caries each). All other restorations revealed clinically acceptable FDI scores at all recalls. FOBF performed significantly better than SABF at all time points regarding surface lustre (p<0.001) and color match and translucency (p<0.001) and regarding marginal staining at 36-months (p=0.008). Marginal staining and marginal adaptation deteriorated significantly over time for both materials (both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The null-hypothesis could only partially be rejected. Both materials performed similarly regarding clinical success and performance within 36 months of clinical service, but SABF exhibited significantly inferior, but clinically fully acceptable esthetic properties as compared to FOBF. Both restorative materials showed clinically fully acceptable results over 36 months of clinical service and thus may be recommended for clinical use. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel tooth-colored self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative exhibited clinically fully acceptable results over 36 months of clinical service, similarly to a conventional bulk-fill restorative used with a universal adhesive, but with slight shortcomings in esthetic properties. Therefore, both restorative materials may be recommended for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao M, Li Y, Wang Z. Mercury and Mercury-Containing Preparations: History of Use, Clinical Applications, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807807. [PMID: 35308204 PMCID: PMC8924441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, mercury and mercury-containing preparations have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and applied in many clinical practices mainly in the form of mercury sulfides. The clinical application, toxicity manifestations, and symptoms of these preparations largely depend on the route of administration and the dosage form. Commonly used mercury-containing medicinal materials and preparations in traditional Chinese medicine include Cinnabar, an excellent medicine for tranquilizing the nerves; Hongsheng Dan and Baijiang Dan, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, promotion of tissue repair and regeneration and other pharmacological effects. Tibetan medicine commonly uses Zaotai and Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills, which have pharmacological effects such as sedation, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, and improvement of cerebral apoplexy. Menggen Wusu Shibawei pills, commonly used in Mongolian traditional medicine, have the muscle growth and astringent effects. In India and Europe, mercury is often used for treating syphilis. This article summarizes the history, clinical application, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of mercury and mercury-containing preparations in traditional medicines. In terms of clinical application, it provides suggestions for the rational use and safety of mercury-containing drugs in clinical practices and in public health issues. It will further provide a reference for formulation strategies related to mercury risk assessment and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KG, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:276-359. [PMID: 34489050 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2020 professional literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to this work to cover this broad topic. Specific subject areas addressed include prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions with a keen eye on future trends in the profession. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published today, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. The purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater detail. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in navigating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the dental patients they encounter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, Chair and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Science Officer, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wis
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin G Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md; Private practice, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthias Troeltzsch
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Private practice, Ansbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frankenberger R, Winter J, Schmalz G. [Amalgam and alternatives-discussions on mercury reduction in the environment]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:847-855. [PMID: 34143251 PMCID: PMC8212278 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dental amalgam has been successfully used for the restoration of carious lesions for more than 180 years. It is clinically characterized by high longevity and low technique sensitivity. For decades, dental amalgam has been discussed in the public, especially due to its roughly 50% mercury content. Since the Minamata Convention was published in 2013 with the primary goal of reducing the anthropogenic mercury release into the environment, the previously muted amalgam discussion has received fresh impetus. Another considerable disadvantage of amalgam is its silver/greyish color, which simply no longer matches patients' esthetic demands.The present paper describes the basic problems with amalgam against the background of multiple biological, clinical, and health policy factors. Possible consequences of the Minamata Convention concerning legal regulations as well as the use of dental biomaterials and therefore also relating to the future national healthcare system are discussed. Finally, possible amalgam alternatives and the urgent need for biomedical research towards restorative dentistry are presented, embedded into the crucial question of whether we are actually conducting the correct debate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Frankenberger
- Abteilung für Zahnerhaltungskunde, Med. Zentrum für Zahn‑, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland.
| | - Julia Winter
- Abteilung für Zahnerhaltungskunde, Med. Zentrum für Zahn‑, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
- Klinik für Parodontologie, ZMK-Kliniken, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cieplik F, Scholz KJ, Anthony JC, Tabenski I, Ettenberger S, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Federlin M. One-year results of a novel self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative and a conventional bulk-fill composite in class II cavities-a randomized clinical split-mouth study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:449-461. [PMID: 34129074 PMCID: PMC8791912 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives In the context of the phase-down of amalgam, development of easily applicable, permanent restorative materials is of high clinical interest. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel, tooth-colored, self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative (SABF, 3M Oral Care) and a conventional bulk-fill composite (Filtek One, 3M Oral Care; FOBF) for restoring class II cavities. The null-hypothesis tested was that both materials perform similar regarding clinical performance. Materials and methods In this randomized split-mouth study, 30 patients received one SABF and one FOBF restoration each. Scotchbond Universal (3M Oral Care) was used as adhesive for FOBF (self-etch mode), while SABF was applied directly without adhesive. Restorations were evaluated by two blinded examiners at baseline, 6 months and 12 months employing FDI criteria. Non-parametric statistical analyses and χ2-tests (α = 0.05) were applied. Results Thirty patients (60 restorations) were available for the 6- and 12-month recalls exhibiting 100% restoration survival. All restorations revealed clinically acceptable FDI scores at all time points and for all criteria. Only regarding esthetic properties, FOBF performed significantly better than SABF regarding surface lustre (A1) and color match and translucency (A3) at all time points and marginal staining (A2b) at 12 months. Conclusions The null-hypothesis could not be rejected. Both materials performed similarly regarding clinical performance within the first year of clinical service. SABF exhibited slightly inferior, but clinically fully acceptable esthetic properties as compared to FOBF. Clinical relevance Within the limitations of this study, the self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative showed promising results and may be recommended for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian C Anthony
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Tabenski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Ettenberger
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pozos-Guillén A, Molina G, Soviero V, Arthur RA, Chavarria-Bolaños D, Acevedo AM. Management of dental caries lesions in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e055. [PMID: 34076079 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries management at the lesion level is dependent on the lesion activity, the presence of a cavitation (either cleanable or non-cleanable), and lesion depth as evaluated via radiographic examination. A variety of non-invasive, micro-invasive, and minimally invasive treatment (with or without restoration) options are available for primary and permanent teeth. Non-invasive strategies include oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, and personal as well as professional use of fluoridated products that reduce demineralization and increase re-mineralization. Micro-invasive procedures include the use of occlusal resin sealants and resin infiltrants, while minimally invasive strategies comprise those related to selective removal of caries tissues and placement of restorations. Deep caries management includes indirect pulp capping, while exposed pulp may be treated using direct pulp capping and partial or complete pulpotomy. The aim of the present study was to review available evidence on recommended preventive and restorative strategies for caries lesions in Latin American/Caribbean countries, and subsequently develop evidence-based recommendations for treatment options that take into consideration material availability, emphasize ways to adapt available treatments to the local context, and suggest ways in which dentists and health systems can adopt these treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Faculty of Dentistry, Basic Sciences Laboratory, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, The Dental Faculty, Department of Dental Materials, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vera Soviero
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto - Unifase, School of Dentistry, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Chavarria-Bolaños
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana María Acevedo
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Dental Research "Raul Vincentelli", Caracas, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reher V, Reher P, Peres KG, Peres MA. Fall of amalgam restoration: a 10-year analysis of an Australian university dental clinic. Aust Dent J 2020; 66:61-66. [PMID: 33197295 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amalgam in Dentistry has decreased since the 1980s. This study aimed to (i) assess the time trend in the usage of amalgam and composite in posterior teeth at Griffith University Dental Clinic from 2010 to 2019; (ii) to test whether this trend varied according to the dental health provider. METHODS We analysed clinic records from 2010 to 2019. Prais-Winsten analyses were performed, and the average annual percentages change (AAPC) for amalgam and composite was estimated. RESULTS There were 397,013 procedures, including 80,995 direct posterior restorations. Amalgam use decreased from 12.9% in 2010 to 0.5% in 2019 among students, while composite use increased from 87.1% to 99.5% of posterior restorations. The annual increase of the composite was 1.4% per year for students, while amalgam decreased by 30.2% per year on average. A similar trend was noted among the dentists. CONCLUSIONS A significant decrease in the use of amalgam was observed over time for both students and professionals. This trend raises questions about curriculum reviews, focusing on the repair, maintenance and safe removal of amalgam while reinforcing the learning on Minimally Invasive Dentistry and composite restorations based on the patient's caries risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Reher
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - P Reher
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - K G Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - M A Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joy A, Qureshi A. Mercury in Dental Amalgam, Online Retail, and the Minamata Convention on Mercury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14139-14142. [PMID: 33141561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Minamata Convention on Mercury (ref. 1) is a global treaty to protect human and environmental health from adverse effects of the toxic element mercury and its compounds. During the Third Conference of Parties (COP-3) in November 2019, elimination of the use of dental amalgam in oral health care was discussed. Dental amalgam is one of the most commonly used restorative materials in oral health care due to its strength and longevity (ref. 2). However, the use of mercury in an amalgam adds to global environmental mercury pollution and can contribute to adverse health effects on humans and other organisms. The outcomes of the COP-3 meeting included a call for information on the availability at a national scale, the economic and technical feasibility of alternatives, and the associated risks or benefits. In this feature, we discuss the risks and benefits of dental amalgam, the global tracking of availability and procurement, and the implications and realities for global phase out. We suggest a better accounting of mercury use in dental amalgam is needed with sales being made only to registered practitioners via a Know Your Customer approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alphin Joy
- IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, TS 502285, India
| | - Asif Qureshi
- IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, TS 502285, India
| |
Collapse
|