1
|
Knapp KS, Kulak JA, Homish DL, Granfield R, Homish GG, Kahn LS. Longitudinal trajectories in recovery capital and associations with substance use among adult drug treatment court clients. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 260:111343. [PMID: 38815293 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery capital (RC) refers to the resources individuals use to support substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. Individuals with SUD who are involved with the criminal justice system often have limited RC. Drug treatment courts (DTCs), including traditional drug treatment courts (tDTCs) and opioid intervention courts (OICs), can link clients to important sources of RC in the short-term, but few studies have assessed RC longitudinally. METHODS The current study analyzed five waves of data from a one-year longitudinal study on substance use and RC collected from clients of tDTCs and OICs (n=165, 52% male, 75% non-Hispanic White, Age=21-67 years). Mixed-effects models examined (1) within-person trends over time in RC, (2) individual characteristics associated with differences and changes in RC, and (3) patterns of relationships between RC and substance use over time. We also tested differences by court type. RESULTS First, OIC participants had lower RC at baseline relative to tDTC participants, and there was considerable within-person variability in RC over time. Second, the effect of a high school diploma/GED at baseline on RC change over time was greater for OIC relative to tDTC participants. Third, there was a negative concurrent within-person association between drug use and RC that became stronger over time for OIC relative to tDTC participants. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the first to examine longitudinal, within-person trajectories in RC. Results revealed important within-person variability over time in RC that was linked to education and drug use, particularly among OIC clients. Findings could help inform DTC treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyler S Knapp
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - Jessica A Kulak
- Department of Community Health & Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - D Lynn Homish
- Department of Community Health & Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Robert Granfield
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Gregory G Homish
- Department of Community Health & Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Linda S Kahn
- Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simon J, Guynn I, Thompson M, Hambright S, Jones C, Lich KH. Strengthening the System Supporting Perinatal People with Substance Use Disorder in the Midwest Using Group Model Building. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:128-142. [PMID: 37477728 PMCID: PMC10692270 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Providing comprehensive, evidence-based care to perinatal people with substance use disorders (SUD) requires multi-stakeholder collaboration and alignment. The National Maternal and Child Health Workforce Development Center facilitated a system-strengthening process with the Midwest substance use in pregnancy (SUPper) club, a regional collaborative of health care providers, state public health agencies, and community-rooted organizations. METHODS Facilitators led a 2 day group model building (GMB) workshop with 20 participants and two semi-structured interviews. Workshop participants were invited to complete an evaluation. RESULTS Two primary trends were identified as priorities for change: (1) Birthing people's perception/experience of stigma and (2) The Midwest SUPper Club's reach and influence. Three causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were created to capture the interconnected dynamics of the Midwest perinatal SUD system: (1) the influence of stigma on maternal and infant health outcomes, (2) the role of clinic, organizational, and state policies, and (3) the impact of workforce education and evidence-based practices on care. From the CLDs, four priorities for action emerged: (1) align and promote shared mental models across stakeholders, (2) expand education and training opportunities for the perinatal SUD workforce, (3) strengthen systems infrastructure to support care navigation for patients and providers, and (4) collaboratively identify evidence-based practices that meet regional needs. All evaluation respondents reported that the workshop supported the development of a shared mental model. DISCUSSION The GMB process strengthened collaboration and advanced strategic planning for the SUPper Club. GMB can be further utilized among diverse stakeholders across MCH systems to create shared mental models and accelerate collaborative planning efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Simon
- Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, 1825 K Street NW, Suite 250, Washington, DC, 20006, USA.
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National MCH Workforce Development Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 412 Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Isabella Guynn
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National MCH Workforce Development Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 412 Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1105E McGavaran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Meagan Thompson
- Susan S. Morrison School of Nursing, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Sarah Hambright
- Department of OBGYN, Maternal Substance Use Disorder Clinic, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Cresta Jones
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 606 24th Ave S, Suite 401, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National MCH Workforce Development Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 412 Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1105E McGavaran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heo M, Beachler T, Sivaraj LB, Tsai HL, Chea A, Patel A, Litwin AH, Zeller TA. Harm reduction and recovery services support (HRRSS) to mitigate the opioid overdose epidemic in a rural community. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 37076898 PMCID: PMC10114389 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural areas in the United States (US) are ravaged by the opioid overdose epidemic. Oconee County, an entirely rural county in northwest South Carolina, is likewise severely affected. Lack of harm reduction and recovery resources (e.g., social capital) that could mitigate the worst outcomes may be exacerbating the problem. We aimed to identify demographic and other factors associated with support for harm reduction and recovery services in the community. METHODS The Oconee County Opioid Response Taskforce conducted a 46-item survey targeting a general population between May and June in 2022, which was mainly distributed through social media networks. The survey included demographic factors and assessed attitudes and beliefs toward individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and medications for OUD, and support for harm reduction and recovery services, such as syringe services programs and safe consumption sites. We developed a Harm Reduction and Recovery Support Score (HRRSS), a composite score of nine items ranging from 0 to 9 to measure level of support for placement of naloxone in public places and harm reduction and recovery service sites. Primary statistical analysis using general linear regression models tested significance of differences in HRRSS between groups defined by item responses adjusting for demographic factors. RESULTS There were 338 survey responses: 67.5% were females, 52.1% were 55 years old or older, 87.3% were Whites, 83.1% were non-Hispanic, 53.0% were employed, and 53.8% had household income greater than US$50,000. The overall HRRSS was relatively low at a mean of 4.1 (SD = 2.3). Younger and employed respondents had significantly greater HRRSS. Among nine significant factors associated with HRRSS after adjusting for demographic factors, agreement that OUD is a disease had the greatest adjusted mean difference in HRSSS (adjusted diff = 1.22, 95% CI=(0.64, 1.80), p < 0.001), followed by effectiveness of medications for OUD (adjusted diff = 1.11, 95%CI=(0.50, 1.71), p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low HRRSS indicates low levels of acceptance of harm reduction potentially impacting both intangible and tangible social capital as it relates to mitigation of the opioid overdose epidemic. Increasing community awareness of the disease model of OUD and the effectiveness of medications for OUD, especially among older and unemployed populations, could be a step toward improving community uptake of the harm reduction and recovery service resources critical to individual recovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Prisma Health Addiction Medicine Center, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Taylor Beachler
- Prisma Health Addiction Medicine Center, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Laksika B Sivaraj
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Prisma Health Addiction Medicine Center, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Tsai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Ashlyn Chea
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Avish Patel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Columbia, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- Prisma Health Addiction Medicine Center, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
- Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
- Clemson University School of Health Research, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - T Aaron Zeller
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA.
- Clemson University School of Health Research, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA.
- Seneca Family Medicine Residency Program, Prisma Health Oconee Memorial Hospital, 139 Lila Doyle Drive, Seneca, SC, 29672, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bowen E, Irish A, Wilding G, LaBarre C, Capozziello N, Nochajski T, Granfield R, Kaskutas LA. Development and psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Inventory of Recovery Capital (MIRC). Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 247:109875. [PMID: 37119593 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have developed several instruments to measure recovery capital-the social, physical, human, and cultural resources that help people resolve alcohol and other drug problems. However, existing measures are hampered by theoretical and psychometric weaknesses. The current study reports on process and psychometric outcomes for the Multidimensional Inventory of Recovery Capital (MIRC), a novel measure of recovery capital. METHODS We used a three-phase, mixed methods approach to develop the MIRC. Individuals who identified as having resolved alcohol problems were recruited in each phase. Phase one focused on item development, with participants providing qualitative feedback on potential items. In phase two (pilot testing) and phase three (final psychometric evaluation), participants completed revised versions of the MIRC to assess its psychometric strength and item performance. RESULTS Phase one (n=44) resulted in significant item alteration, culminating in a 48-item pilot measure. Pilot testing analyses (n=497) resulted in the deletion or replacement of 17 items. In the final psychometric evaluation (n=482), four additional items were deleted, resulting in a 28-item MIRC comprising four subscales measuring social, physical, human, and cultural capital. The psychometric properties of the final MIRC and its subscales ranged from sound to strong, with high response variability suggesting appropriate item discrimination. CONCLUSION Results confirm the psychometric strength of the MIRC and underscore the importance of incorporating the insights of diverse samples of people in recovery. The MIRC holds promise as an assessment tool in future research and is available for use at no cost in treatment and community-based settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Irish
- West Virginia University School of Social Work, United States
| | - Gregory Wilding
- University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Biostatistics, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert Granfield
- University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Sociology, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palombi L, Van Deelen A, Hawn A, Kosobuski L, Katras MJ. Treatment Court Family Nights: An Accessible and Adaptable Support for Families Engaging in Recovery. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231170857. [PMID: 37113269 PMCID: PMC10126597 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231170857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction While public health measures including physical distancing and stay-at-home orders have clear benefits in COVID-19 mitigation and prevention, they have provided unique challenges for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD), including Treatment Court (TC) participants. Methods This study involved a qualitative evaluation of TC Family Nights; one series of Family Nights was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic and the second series was adapted and held remotely due to COVID-19 distancing requirements. Results Several important themes emerged, including general positive experiences, accessible session logistics, naloxone training, attention to stigma, building recovery capital, group engagement, social interaction, and community action. These themes will help inform future SUD recovery education. Conclusion Online recovery support events provide a new model for courts and recovery organizations that seek multiple ways to provide connection and support for their participants and families during times when accessibility is prioritized, in-person activities are discouraged, and in resource-sparse and geographically isolated communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palombi
- College of Pharmacy, University of
Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
- Laura Palombi, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, 1110 Kirby Drive, 232 Life Science, Duluth, MN 55812,
USA.
| | - Anna Van Deelen
- College of Pharmacy, University of
Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Hawn
- College of Pharmacy, University of
Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Lucas Kosobuski
- College of Pharmacy, University of
Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mary Jo Katras
- Department of Family, Health and
Wellbeing, University of Minnesota Extension, Duluth, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barboza G, Angulski K, Hines L, Brown P. Variability in Opioid-Related Drug Overdoses, Social Distancing, and Area-Level Deprivation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis. J Urban Health 2022; 99:873-886. [PMID: 36068454 PMCID: PMC9447988 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the spatial and temporal course of opioid-related drug overdose mortality is a key public health determinant. Despite previous studies exploring the evolution of drug-related fatalities following the stay-at-home mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics that mitigation efforts had on overdose deaths. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal dynamics of overdose death relative risk using a 4-week interval over a span of 5 months following the implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown in the city of Chicago, IL. A Bayesian space-time model was used to produce posterior risk estimates and exceedance probabilities of opioid-related overdose deaths controlling for measures of area-level deprivation and stay-at-home mandates. We found that area-level temporal risk and inequalities in drug overdose mortality increased significantly in the initial months of the pandemic. We further found that a change in the area-level deprivation from the first to the fourth quintile increased the relative risk of a drug overdose risk by 44.5%. The social distancing index measuring the proportion of persons who stayed at home in each census block group was not associated with drug overdose mortality. We conclude by highlighting the importance of contextualizing the spatial and temporal risk in overdose mortality for implementing effective and safe harm reduction strategies during a global pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gia Barboza
- College of Public Health and the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kate Angulski
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Lisa Hines
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Philip Brown
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Härd S, Best D, Sondhi A, Lehman J, Riccardi R. The growth of recovery capital in clients of recovery residences in Florida, USA: a quantitative pilot study of changes in REC-CAP profile scores. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:58. [PMID: 35933398 PMCID: PMC9356455 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing evidence base around predictors of retention and completion in a range of recovery residence models, particularly Oxford Houses and Sober Living Houses, and recovery housing is recognized as a clearly evidenced area of recovery intervention. The aim of the study was to quantitatively assess recovery capital in a sample of recovery residence clients. Method The study used a repeated measures self-completion of a standardized recovery capital instrument (REC-CAP) for clients retained across various houses within one Level 2 recovery residence provider whose program was based on a 12-step approach. While 823 clients participated in the baseline assessment, a sample of 267 clients was achieved for six-month follow-up interview, based on those retained in the residence. A logistic regression model examined factors associated with retention and a repeated measures marginal mixed model evaluated the factors associated with changes in recovery capital between the baseline and the follow-up assessment. Results Members of the group that remained in recovery residences were more likely to be older with a record of high participation in recovery groups, with greater drop-out among younger residents, female residents and those with an identified housing need. For those retained to follow-up, greater recovery capital growth was associated with employment, higher levels of social support and more recovery group involvement, as well as age and a higher quality of life. The need for family support was shown to reduce levels of recovery capital. However, those younger people who were retained reported better recovery capital growth during the initial six months of residence. Conclusion The key conclusion is that while recovery capital generally increases during a stay in a recovery residence, it does not do so consistently across the sample population. This has implications for how pathways to recovery group engagement are supported for women and young people and how social support (encompassing housing, employment and family issues) is provided to those populations during periods of residence. This suggests the potential need for training and guidance for house managers working with these groups.
Collapse
|
8
|
Best D, Hennessy EA. The science of recovery capital: where do we go from here? Addiction 2022; 117:1139-1145. [PMID: 34729852 PMCID: PMC9209877 DOI: 10.1111/add.15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of recovery capital (RC) has emerged in studies and discussions of the addiction recovery process and as a potential metric and marker for recovery gains. Although conceptual and applied development of the concept in the 20 years since the term was coined has increased, there remains insufficient clarity of key domains, factors and best practice research and applications for populations experiencing addiction. We aimed to review progress around the conceptualisation and operationalisation of RC and to consider future directions for a science of recovery capital. METHOD We provided a brief overview of theoretical foundations and advances, empirical measurement and application in treatment and continuing care settings. We next introduced four primary areas for addiction science to address, namely: (i) conceptual development (e.g. how RC domains are unique, but interrelated entities, valence of RC), (ii) empirical testing, adequacy of measurement and analysis, (iii) directions for novel application in treatment and recovery settings and (iv) dissemination and communication to policy, practice and lived experience groups. In this review, we also focussed on some of the challenges that must be addressed for a science of RC, which could produce long-term impact in treatment and policy. RESULTS Despite burgeoning empirical work on RC, its application and translation has been unsystematic. The field currently relies on self-report questionnaires for the development of the theory and quantification of RC. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rigorous and systematic conceptual and empirical development of RC. CONCLUSIONS A formal collaboration between scholars, practitioners and experts by experience worldwide would move recovery capital forward in an empirically driven and culturally appropriate manner, as would testing its applicability at individual, organisational and societal levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Best
- Criminology and Social Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Emily A. Hennessy
- Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Medina S, Van Deelen A, Tomaszewski R, Hager K, Chen N, Palombi L. Relentless Stigma: A Qualitative Analysis of a Substance Use Recovery Needs Assessment. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221097396. [PMID: 35664045 PMCID: PMC9160899 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221097396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) pose emotional, mental, and physical threats to persons worldwide. There is a paucity of research focused on capturing individual perspectives on supports and barriers to recovery from a SUD. This need has been identified in areas of Minnesota where a gap in evidence-based substance use support exists. A team of interdisciplinary professionals distributed a qualitative survey assessing supports and barriers to SUD recovery within recovery circles in order to inform the efforts of local organizations. This paper and online access survey was adapted from an existing survey created by Faces and Voices of Recovery. The online survey was accessed by a link and distributed to persons in recovery across Minnesota over 7 months. Data from this survey were analyzed through a consensual qualitative research (CQR) coding method. Notable themes emerged in the following domains: healthcare, environment, individual, and community. Community-wide stigma was an overarching concern, and the study yielded unique insights into stigma within healthcare and the community at-large. Barriers and support to recovery were reported. Barriers included experiencing high levels of stigma and identifying a need for community education on SUDs and recovery. Support included local recovery groups, peer recovery support, and access to healthcare and medication. Our findings illuminate the needs of the recovery community from the perspective of individuals with lived experience and will inform local organizations in specifying resources to help meet the identified needs. This survey may also be adapted and used around the world to inform substance use prevention, treatment, and recovery programing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Medina
- South Dakota State University – University of South Dakota Joint Master of Public Health Program, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Anna Van Deelen
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Robyn Tomaszewski
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Keri Hager
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel Chen
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Laura Palombi
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Markowski KL, Smith JA, Gauthier GR, Harcey SR. Would I Have Your Support? Family Network Features and Past Support Exchanges Associated with Anticipated Support for a Substance Problem. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021; 28:39-45. [PMID: 36683732 PMCID: PMC9856213 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2006340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective Assessment of social processes underlying anticipation for recovery-related support from family in the event of a substance problem. We drew from literature on social support, substance use, and social networks to develop a path model connecting emotionally close family relationships, closeness among members in the wider family network (density), previous emotional support exchanges, and anticipated support. Subjects and Methods We used a sample from the 2019 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey (284 adults; 57% female; 94% white; 46.26% living in rural areas) and employed generalized structural equation modeling with logistic regression equations for our binary dependent variable (anticipated support). Results Denser family networks were associated with individuals' close relations with family (b = .18, p < .001), close family relations were associated with support received by (b = .25, p < .05) and given to (b = .47, p < .001) family, and only support given to family increased the odds of anticipated support (IRR = 4.32, CI = 1.13, 16.48). Conclusions Family-wide dynamics are important for understanding how support exchange relates to anticipated support. Prioritizing efforts to strengthen family relationships and improve the likelihood that at-risk individuals, especially in rural areas, can overcome substance problems is important.
Collapse
|
11
|
Krentzman AR, Glass LK. Gossip and Addiction Recovery in Rural Communities. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:2571-2584. [PMID: 34581637 DOI: 10.1177/10497323211041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Features of rural life, such as low population density and greater distances from urban areas, could worsen the prospects of addiction recovery for rural residents. Gossip is a central feature of rural life, and studies have shown that being the target of it can worsen health and well-being. However, no previous study has focused on the impact of gossip on addiction in rural communities. The current study employed semi-structured interviews with individuals in recovery, as well as addiction providers, to create a conceptual model of the relationship between gossip and addiction recovery in a rural region of Minnesota. The conceptual model depicted a bi-directional relationship between the individual and the community and suggested that gossip transforms from negative to positive over the course of addiction, early recovery, and long-term recovery. These data demonstrate that education at both the community and individual levels could support the transition to long-term recovery.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jason LA, Guerrero M, Salomon-Amend M, Lynch G, Stevens E, Light JM, Stoolmiller M, Doogan NJ. Network measures of advice-seeking and resource sharing are related to well-being in recovery homes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 92:102970. [PMID: 33243599 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to better understand the extent to which social capital (reflected in social networks tapping friendship, financial support, advice/informational support) can aid recovery for those residents living in abstinence-based recovery homes. METHODS Social network characteristics of 42 recovery homes (Oxford Houses) were examined, including friendship, willingness to loan money, and advice-seeking to assess the extent to which house network patterns were related to house-level resident measures of proximal recovery outcomes of well-being (e.g. social support, self-esteem, stress) and financial health (e.g. earned wages). RESULTS We found that the density of the willingness to loan money network within a house was positively associated with house-level earned wages, social support, and self-esteem, and negatively associated with stress. Conversely, the density of house advice-seeking relationships was positively related to house-level stress. CONCLUSIONS Houses in which residents are willing to share resources with other members who may be in need showed higher rates of well-being at the house-level. Advice-seeking in itself may signal stress, as stress may motivate residents to seek advice from more peers. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
|