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Schmid MJ, Oblinger-Peters V, Örencik M, Schmid J, Conzelmann A, Ronkainen NJ. Meaning in life of elite athletes: A person-oriented study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 76:102730. [PMID: 39244079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
People's subjective sense of meaning in life is a flourishing research topic in psychology but remains underexplored in sport psychology. This study uses a person-oriented method to shed light on meaning in the lives of elite athletes (i.e., latent profile analysis) to identify distinct profiles of sources of meaning in life, and compare the extent to which these profiles differ in relation to athletic identity, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. A sample of 593 Swiss elite athletes (50.4% women, 49.6% men; Mage = 24.78 years, SD = 4.93) participated in the study. The Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS) were used to assess athletes' perceptions of meaningfulness, crisis of meaning, and sources of meaning. Athletes demonstrated higher overall meaningfulness, lower crisis of meaning, and prioritized different sources of meaning compared to the general population. Latent profile analysis revealed three distinct meaning profiles: (1) athletes with multiple meanings (n = 351), (2) athletes with low meaning (n = 126), and (3) faith-based athletes (n = 110). Notably, the athletes in the first and last profile exhibited higher life satisfaction and self-esteem. The identified profiles demonstrate that athletes differ both in the degree and the types of meaning in life. The findings align with studies outside of sport that suggest that meaning in life, in addition to being an end-value in itself, is also related to enhanced life satisfaction and self-esteem. Personalized meaning-focused interventions can be valuable for applied practice with elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Merlin Örencik
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Achim Conzelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Balle CK, Hvidtjørn D, Brintow MLB, Wu C, Prinds C. Existential communication in maternity care - Mixed method evaluation of a postgraduate short course. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2024; 41:100983. [PMID: 38820691 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2024.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The birth of a child is a significant life event, possibly accompanied by thoughts and feelings of existential turmoil, which some parents need to share. Maternity care professionals may be unprepared for this, as very few educational initiatives exist with a focus on existential communication. We evaluated the curriculum and delivery of a course in existential communication for midwives. The evaluation was based on participants' experiences of self-reported self-efficacy and self-reflection before and after participation. METHODS A parallel mixed methods design with pre- and post-course questionnaires and field observations. Quantitative data were evaluated using Mann-Whitney analyses, and open-ended questions and field observations were thematised for further analysis. RESULTS Seventy-three maternity care professionals participated in the course. Of these, 69 (95%) completed a pre-course questionnaire, and 71 (97%) a post-course questionnaire. The quantitative data found a significant difference in various participant measures such as increase in self-efficacy in existential communication and understanding of existential communication. Qualitative data from the questionnaires and field observations led to six different themes including topics such as the need for reflection with peers and the presence of existential within maternity care. CONCLUSIONS The course evaluation suggested an increase in participants' awareness of existential aspects of maternity care and improved self-reflection and existential awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cæcilie Kongsgaard Balle
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Holbæk Hospital, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Hvidtjørn
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Chunsen Wu
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christina Prinds
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; University Hospital South Denmark, Kresten Philipsensvej 15, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
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Sørensen VH, Andersen AH, Andersen T, Rasmussen A, Aagesen M, Schnell T, Pedersen HF, la Cour P, Rottmann N. Meaning in life after cancer: Validation of the sources of meaning card method among participants in cancer rehabilitation. Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38956815 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer survivors may be struggling to re-create meaning in life. Addressing their personal sources of meaning can support them in this process. The sources of meaning card method (SoMeCaM) aims to map and explore personal sources of meaning in a 1-h session. It includes 26 cards, each with a statement on a source of meaning. The purpose of this study was to validate the statements on the sources of meaning cards for use among participants in cancer rehabilitation by examining whether participants attribute the same meaning to the statements as intended. The three step test interview method was used to assess response processes to the sources of meaning cards among 12 participants in a 5-day cancer rehabilitation program in Denmark. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using framework analysis. Nineteen of the 26 statements were interpreted congruently, that is, in line with the underlying theory, by all participants. Issues of incongruency, ambiguity and confusion were observed in participants' interpretations of the statements on religiosity (n = 6), spirituality (n = 10), and reason (n = 6). Minor issues were observed for the statements on practicality, achievement, knowledge, and attentiveness. In most statements, cancer survivors' interpretation aligned with the underlying theory. Problems were apparent regarding the sources of meaning religiosity, spirituality and reason, and a reconsideration of the wording of the statements is recommended. These problems may be due to cultural and linguistic interpretations rather than to being a cancer survivor. Future studies could focus on these issues in other target populations. Despite these minor issues, the SoMeCaM has proven useful in addressing the important topic of meaning in life in the cancer rehabilitation setting. Clinicians should pay attention to nuances in participants' understanding of the cards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Sørensen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aida H Andersen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tonny Andersen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Rasmussen
- REHPA, The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Aagesen
- REHPA, The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Occupational Science, User Perspectives and Community-Based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi F Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Clinic for Functional Disorders, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter la Cour
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Rottmann
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- REHPA, The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Kushniruk A, Hedegaard L, Rask MT, Clemensen J, Frostholm L, Rosendal M. Designing and Developing an eHealth Program for Patients With Persistent Physical Symptoms: Usability Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e42572. [PMID: 36753312 PMCID: PMC9947758 DOI: 10.2196/42572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with persistent physical symptoms presenting in primary care are often affected by multiple symptoms and reduced functioning. The medical and societal costs of these patients are high, and there is a need for new interventions tailored to both the patients and health care system. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the usability of an unguided, self-help treatment program, "My Symptoms," developed to assist patients and general practitioners in symptom management. METHODS In all, 11 users (4 patients with persistent physical symptoms and 7 laypeople) participated in web-based thinking-aloud interviews involving the performance of predefined tasks in the program. Thematic analysis was used to categorize the severity of usability issues. General usability heuristics were cross-referenced with the usability issues. RESULTS The analysis identified important usability issues related to functionality, navigation, and content. The study shows how therapeutic knowledge in some cases was lost in the translation of face-to-face therapy to a digital format. The user testing helped uncover how the functionality of the digital elements and general navigation of the program played a huge part in locating and accessing the needed treatment. Examples of redesign to mediate the therapeutic value in the digital format involving health care professionals, web developers, and users are provided. The study also highlights the differences of involving patients and laypeople in the interviews. CONCLUSIONS Taking the experience of common symptoms as a point of departure, patients and laypeople contributed to finding usability issues on program functionality, navigation, and content to improve the program and make the treatment more accessible to users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonora Hedegaard
- Department of Culture and Learning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Trøllund Rask
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jane Clemensen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Frostholm
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Rosendal
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ti Y, Yang J. Book Review: The Psychology of Meaning in Life. Front Psychol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8371041 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Ti
- Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghe Ti
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kamp A, Bood Z, Scherer-Rath M, Weeseman Y, Christophe N, Dörr H, Sanders J, Sprangers M, Helmich E, Timmermans L, van Wolde E, van Laarhoven HWM. Narrative recognition and identification: a qualitative pilot study into reading literary texts with advanced cancer patients. J Cancer Surviv 2021; 16:531-541. [PMID: 34129212 PMCID: PMC9142438 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Patients with advanced cancer can experience their disease as a contingent life event. The sudden interruption of their life stories can obscure life goals and disrupt meaning making. In the context of the research project “In search of stories,” we aim to investigate the reading and discussion of selected stories which present ways of dealing with a contingent life event. In addition, we examine the use of a newly developed guide for reading these exemplary texts together with advanced cancer patients. Methods This qualitative study describes the experiences of five patients with advanced cancer who participated in a guided reading and discussion about selected literary texts. The intervention consisted of reading a selected story, after which each patient was interviewed, using the reading guide as a conversation template. The interviews were then thematically analyzed for their conceptual content using a template analysis. Results All five conversations showed some form of recognition in reaction to the chosen text, which led to personal identification of experiences of contingency, such as loss of life goals, impending death, or feelings of uncertainty. Besides the important role of identification, revealed by the responses to the questions in the reading guide, the discussion of the text helped them articulate their own experience and sources of meaning. Diverse worldviews came to the fore and concepts of meaning such as fate, life goals, quality of life, and death. Conclusions First experiences with our newly developed reading guide designed to support a structured reading of stories containing experiences of contingency suggest that it may help patients to express their own experiences of contingency and to reflect on these experiences. Implications for Cancer Survivors The intervention tested in this study may contribute to supportive care for survivors with advanced cancer, but further research is needed to evaluate its effect on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kamp
- Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zarah Bood
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Scherer-Rath
- Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Weeseman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henny Dörr
- HKU University of the Arts Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José Sanders
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Sprangers
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Helmich
- Amsta Healthcare Organisation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Timmermans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Wolde
- Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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