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Pitcho S, Heller O, Chun Y, Schwartz-Tayri TM, Grinstein-Weiss M. Optimism in dire times: The buffering role of optimism in the relationship between food insecurity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30385. [PMID: 38720755 PMCID: PMC11076958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the need to gain a deeper understanding of the protective factors associated with coping with food insecurity, specifically in times of severe prolonged stress, the current longitudinal study seeks to examine the role of optimism in the relationship between food insecurity and adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A three-wave longitudinal study involving 1921 Israeli adults was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed questionnaires assessing food insecurity, anxiety, depression, optimism, and socio-demographic characteristics. To explore the relationship between food insecurity and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as the moderating role of optimism in this relationship, we employed a set of panel regression models with individual fixed effects. Our results indicate that the degree and change in food insecurity over time were positively associated with both anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas the degree and change in optimism were negatively correlated. Optimism was found to moderate the association between food insecurity and anxiety symptoms over time, but not the association between food insecurity and depression symptoms. A subgroup analysis revealed that optimism moderated the relationship between food insecurity and anxiety and depression for women, but not for men; for married/coupled individuals but not for singles; for non-parents with regard to anxiety, and for parents with regard to depression. Our results highlight the need to practice and enhance optimism in times of great despair, uncertainty, and hardship, especially in situations of food insecurity where tangible change may take time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Heller
- Social Policy Institute (SPI) Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Yung Chun
- Social Policy Institute (SPI) Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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Wnuk M. Spirituality, Organizational Gratefulness, and Well-Being Among Polish Workers. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02036-1. [PMID: 38609718 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between spirituality at work and occupational and subjective well-being is not a well-recognized area of research. Many studies have indicated the beneficial effects of spiritual activities on employees' flourishing, but the mechanisms of this influence are still not sufficiently explained. This study aimed to verify the proposed mechanisms that underlie employees' spirituality, stress at work, and life satisfaction, and the role of gratitude toward the organization in these relationships. It was assumed that employees' spirituality is indirectly related to stress at work via gratitude toward the organization. In turn, gratitude toward the organization is directly and indirectly related to life satisfaction through stress at work. The study encompassed 754 individuals working in different companies in Poland. In a sample of women, both spirituality dimensions were indirectly related to stress at work and life satisfaction. Among men, only the secular dimension of spirituality, such as attitude toward coworkers, was indirectly related to stress at work and life satisfaction. Gratitude toward the organization was negatively directly related to stress at work and, through this variable, indirectly positively related to life satisfaction. The benefits of employees' spirituality for their well-being were confirmed, emphasizing a grateful attitude toward the organization as a significant factor in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wnuk
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Marcin Wnuk, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89/AB, 60-568, Poznan, Poland.
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Paredes AC, Arendt-Nielsen L, Almeida A, Pinto PR. Sex moderates the association between quantitative sensory testing and acute and chronic pain after total knee/hip arthroplasty. Scand J Pain 2024; 24:sjpain-2024-0004. [PMID: 38683162 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute postsurgical pain (APSP) may persist over time and become chronic. Research on predictors for APSP and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) has produced inconsistent results. This observational study aimed to analyze psychological and psychophysical variables associated with APSP and CPSP after total knee or hip arthroplasty, and to explore the role of sex. METHODS Assessments were conducted before surgery, 48 h, and 3 months postsurgery, including questionnaires (sociodemographic, pain related, and psychological) and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Hierarchical linear regression models analyzed potential predictors of APSP and CPSP, and moderation analyses evaluated the role of sex. RESULTS The study included 63 participants undergoing total knee (34, 54%) or hip (29, 46%) arthroplasty. Thirty-one (49.2%) were female and 32 (50.8%) were male. APSP (48 h) was associated with impaired conditioned pain modulation (CPM) (β = 0.301, p = 0.019). CPSP (3 months) was associated with being female (β = 0.282, p = 0.029), longer presurgical pain duration (β = 0.353, p = 0.006), knee arthroplasty (β = -0.312, p = 0.015), higher APSP intensity (β = 373, p = 0.004), and impaired CPM (β = 0.126, p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, these clinical variables were significant predictors of CPSP, unlike sex, and CPM (adj. R 2 = 0.349). Moderation analyses showed that wind-up ratio (WUR) was a significant predictor of APSP in men (WUR × sex: b = -1.373, p = 0.046) and CPM was a significant predictor of CPSP in women (CPM × sex: b = 1.625, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Specific QST parameters could identify patients at risk for high-intensity APSP and CPSP, with sex as a moderator. This has important clinical implications for patient care, paving the way for developing tailored preventive pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Paredes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga, Clinical Academic Center, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, Gistrup 9260, Denmark
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga, Clinical Academic Center, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia R Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga, Clinical Academic Center, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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4
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Soriano-Moreno DR, Saldaña-Cabanillas D, Vasquez-Yeng L, Valencia-Huamani JA, Alave-Rosas JL, Soriano AN. Discrimination and mental health in the minority sexual population: Cross-sectional analysis of the first peruvian virtual survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268755. [PMID: 35657953 PMCID: PMC9165772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study sought to evaluate the association between discrimination and having mental health problems in the past 12 months in the sexual minority population in Peru.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a secondary database corresponding to the first LGBTI survey in Peru in 2017. We included adults who self-identified their sexual orientation as gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, or asexual/others. Both the exposure and dependent variables were self-reported by the participants. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine the association by calculating adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results
Out of 9760 respondents, more than two-thirds of the participants reported having been discriminated against or having experienced violence at some time in their lives (70.3%) and one-fourth reported having mental health problems (23.8%). In the multivariable regression model, the prevalence of mental health problems in the last 12 months was 72% higher for the group of individuals who experienced discrimination when compared with the group that did not experience discrimination (APR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.57–1.88). The association was stronger among who self-identified lesbians (APR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.65–2.64).
Conclusion
The prevalence of mental health problems and discrimination was high in this population. In addition, we found a statistically significant association between discrimination and the occurrence of mental health problems in the last 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Soriano-Moreno
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - David Saldaña-Cabanillas
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Luigy Vasquez-Yeng
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jorge Luis Alave-Rosas
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Good Hope Clinic, Lima, Peru
| | - Anderson N. Soriano
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail: ,
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Tomczyk J, Nezlek JB, Krejtz I. Gratitude Can Help Women At-Risk for Depression Accept Their Depressive Symptoms, Which Leads to Improved Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:878819. [PMID: 35465539 PMCID: PMC9022718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.878819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gratitude is commonly known as a positive emotion, but it can also be understood as a disposition-one's inherent quality that includes being grateful for the positive aspects of one's life and appreciating altruistic gifts. A growing body of research suggests that having a disposition of gratitude is positively related to wellbeing and psychological adjustment. The present study examined the extent to which acceptance of illness-a measure of adjustment to a distressing condition-mediated relationships between dispositional gratitude and wellbeing among women who had elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Methods Participants were 131 women who, based on scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, were at-risk for experiencing clinical depression. Thirty-five of these participants had been diagnosed as depressed at some point in their lives and 96 had not. Participants completed measures of dispositional gratitude, wellbeing, anxiety, and acceptance of illness. Results Dispositional gratitude was positively correlated with wellbeing and was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Dispositional gratitude was also positively correlated with acceptance of illness. Mediational analyses found that acceptance of illness mediated relationships between dispositional gratitude and wellbeing, between dispositional gratitude and anxiety, and between dispositional gratitude and depression. Moreover, such mediation varied as a function of whether women had ever been diagnosed as depressed. Acceptance of illness was related more strongly to wellbeing for women who had been diagnosed as depressed at some time in their lives than it was for women who had never been diagnosed as depressed. Conclusion Women with elevated depressive symptoms who were more grateful (compared to those who were less grateful) were more accepting of their condition, which was related to increased wellbeing and decreased feelings of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tomczyk
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John B. Nezlek
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Climate Change and Social Transformation, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Izabela Krejtz
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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The Mediating Effect of Dispositional Gratitude on the Relationship between Religious Struggles and Self-Esteem: Preliminary Results. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In comforting or distressing circumstances, individuals tend to have various perceptions of themselves. It seems that religious comfort and religious distress correlate differently with people’s self-esteem. Since the relationship between religiosity and self-esteem is not only direct but can be mediated by other factors that are recognized as buffers against adverse situations, our main goal was to verify whether dispositional gratitude may have an indirect effect on the association between both variables. The research involved data from 254 participants aged 18 to 25 (M = 21.24; SD = 2.09) and included 192 women (76%) and 62 men (24%). To measure the title variables, we used: the Religious Comfort and Strain Scale (RCSS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6). The results showed that people who consider religion as a source of comfort express positive attitudes toward the self and recognize others’ kindness, as well. In contrast, people who consider religiosity as a cause of fear, stress, and internal strain tend to display a lower subjective sense of personal worth and lower appreciation of the positivity around them. Moreover, gratitude had a mediatory effect on the relationships between religious comfort/negative emotions toward God and self-esteem.
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Du Y, Chang OD, Li M, Kwon M. Beyond Fundamental Dimensions of Mood in Predicting Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Victims of Interpersonal Violence: Examining the Role of Dispositional Optimism in Chinese Females With and Without Experience of Victimization. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:2145-2162. [PMID: 34841961 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested a prediction model involving affectivity and dispositional optimism as predictors of suicide risk (i.e., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) in young adult Chinese females with and without prior interpersonal violence (IPV) victimization (294 nonvictimized and 94 victimized females). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that negative affectivity was a significant predictor of both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation for Chinese females, regardless of IPV victimization. Beyond affectivity, dispositional optimism was found to further add to the prediction model of depressive symptoms in both groups, but only for suicidal ideation in the IPV victimized group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Du
- 5930Teachers College, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Psychology, 2453DePaul University, Chicago, USA
| | - Misu Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, KOR
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Werner A, Kater M, Schlarb AA, Lohaus A. Sleep and stress in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of personal resources. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:935-951. [PMID: 34086415 PMCID: PMC8239843 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is still little research on the association between COVID-19-related stress and insufficient sleep. As distress is assumed to be high in these times, the role of personal resources becomes more important. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive role of COVID-19-related stress, positive affect, and self-care behavior for subjective sleep quality and sleep change measures since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany. A sample of 991 adults (M = 34.11 years; SD = 12.99) answered questionnaires during the first lockdown period in Germany and afterward (between April 1 and June 5, 2020). A higher stress level predicted lower sleep quality and more negative changes in overall sleep and pre-sleep arousal. Higher levels of positive affect and self-care predicted higher sleep quality and more positive changes in sleep. Analyses showed a moderation of positive affect on the association between stress and change in pre-sleep arousal. The improvement in personal resources, especially positive affect, in times of high stress seems relevant to overcome sleep problems. Future research should include objective measurements of sleep and longitudinal designs to uncover causal directions of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Werner
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports ScienceBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Maren‐Jo Kater
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports ScienceBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Angelika A. Schlarb
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports ScienceBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports ScienceBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
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9
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Huang Q, Wang X, Ge Y, Cai D. Relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and mental health among college students: a 3-year longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9053-9062. [PMID: 34413621 PMCID: PMC8364412 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although many empirical studies have aimed to find variances in positive mental health among different groups and the relationship between mental health and other variables, few studies examined the developmental trend of mental health levels and the cross-lagged relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and mental health. Furthermore, few of them explored the interrelationship between self-efficacy and social rhythm among college students over time. This study thus aimed to clarify the longitudinal cross-lagged relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and positive mental health among college students. A total of 764 students (627 females, mean age 21.03 ± 0.84 years at T1) participated in a 3-year-long study (T1, T2, T3) and were asked to complete the General Self-Efficacy, the Brief Social Rhythm, and the Positive Mental Health Scales. The results indicate that the development of positive mental health among college students showed an upward trend during those 3 years. There was a significant relationship between positive mental health, social rhythm, and self-efficacy. Positive mental health and social rhythm significantly predicted self-efficacy in the following year. Positive mental health in T2 could predict both T3 social rhythm marginally and T3 self-efficacy significantly. However, T1 social rhythm was not indirectly associated with T3 mental health via T2 self-efficacy, and T1 self-efficacy was not indirectly associated with T3 mental health via T2 social rhythm. This finding clarified the relationship between positive mental health, self-efficacy, and social rhythm, and provided evidence that positive mental health is the basis for self-efficacy and social rhythm among young adults. Therefore, school psychologists in universities should pay close attention to the positive mental health of young adults to form high levels of self-efficacy and social rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongcui Huang
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjing Ge
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China.,The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Hou L, Long F, Meng Y, Cheng X, Zhang W, Zhou R. The Relationship Between Quarantine Length and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Epidemic Among the General Population in China: The Roles of Negative Cognition and Protective Factors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:575684. [PMID: 33995168 PMCID: PMC8113411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.575684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quarantine and isolation at extended length, although considered as highly effective countermeasures for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which started at the end of 2019, can have great impact on individual's mental health, especially emotional state. The present research recruited 5,115 participants from the general public across 32 provinces and autonomous regions in China in an online survey study, about 20 days after the lockdown of the epicenter (Wuhan), to investigate the relationship between the length of the quarantine and negative affect (including depression and anxiety), as well as the mediating roles of negative cognition (including worry and anticipation), and the moderating roles of dispositional optimism, tolerance of uncertainty, social support, and healthy behavior. The results showed that: (1) Worry and anticipation mediated the relationship between quarantine length and depression and anxiety; (2) Dispositional optimism moderated the path coefficients of quarantine length to worry, worry to anxiety, and anticipation to depression; (3) Tolerance of uncertainty moderated the path coefficient of worry to anxiety; (4) Social support moderated the path coefficient of anticipation to anxiety. In conclusion, during quarantine, dispositional optimism, uncertainty tolerance, and social support can buffer the direct or indirect effects of quarantine length on depression and anxiety. These findings could have profound implications on the societal responses to COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Long
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Cheng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Das KV, Jones-Harrell C, Fan Y, Ramaswami A, Orlove B, Botchwey N. Understanding subjective well-being: perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Rev 2020; 41:25. [PMID: 33292677 PMCID: PMC7678314 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual subjective well-being (SWB) is essential for creating and maintaining healthy, productive societies. The literature on SWB is vast and dispersed across multiple disciplines. However, few reviews have summarized the theoretical and empirical tenets of SWB literature across disciplinary boundaries. Methods We cataloged and consolidated SWB-related theories and empirical evidence from the fields of psychology and public health using a combination of online catalogs of scholarly articles and online search engines to retrieve relevant articles. For both theories and determinants/correlates of SWB, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar were used to obtain relevant articles. Articles for the review were screened for relevance, varied perspectives, journal impact, geographic location of study, and topicality. A core theme of SWB empirical literature was the identification of SWB determinants/correlates, and over 100 research articles were reviewed and summarized for this review. Results We found that SWB theories can be classified into four groups: fulfillment and engagement theories, personal orientation theories, evaluative theories, and emotional theories. A critical analysis of the conflicts and overlaps between these theories reveals the lack of a coherent theoretical and methodological framework that would make empirical research systematically comparable. We found that determinants/correlates of SWB can be grouped into seven broad categories: basic demographics, socioeconomic status, health and functioning, personality, social support, religion and culture, and geography and infrastructure. However, these are rarely studied consistently or used to test theories. Conclusions The lack of a clear, unifying theoretical basis for categorizing and comparing empirical studies can potentially be overcome using an operationalizable criterion that focuses on the dimension of SWB studied, measure of SWB used, design of the study, study population, and types of determinants and correlates. From our review of the empirical literature on SWB, we found that the seven categories of determinants/correlates identified may potentially be used to improve the link between theory and empirical research, and that the overlap in the determinant/correlates as they relate to multiple theory categories may enable us to test theories in unison. However, doing so in the future would require a conscious effort by researchers in several areas, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti V Das
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E208 Engineering Quadrangle, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Carla Jones-Harrell
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yingling Fan
- Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anu Ramaswami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, E208 Engineering Quadrangle, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ben Orlove
- School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nisha Botchwey
- College of Design, Georgia Tech, 245 4th Street, NW, Suite 204, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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12
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Gallagher MW, Long LJ, Phillips CA. Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:329-355. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Laura J. Long
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Colleen A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
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