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Jahn KN, Morse-Fortier C, Griffin AM, Faller D, Cohen MS, Kenna MA, Doney E, Arenberg JG. Programming Levels and Speech Perception in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct or GJB2 Mutation. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:e273-e280. [PMID: 37167444 PMCID: PMC10176457 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between hearing loss etiology, cochlear implant (CI) programming levels, and speech perception performance in a large clinical cohort of pediatric CI recipients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary care hospitals. PATIENTS A total of 136 pediatric CI recipients (218 ears) were included in this study. All patients had diagnoses of either enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) or GJB2 (Connexin-26) mutation confirmed via radiographic data and/or genetic reports. All patients received audiologic care at either Boston Children's Hospital or Massachusetts Eye and Ear in Boston, MA, between the years 1999 and 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Electrode impedances and programming levels for each active electrode and speech perception scores were evaluated as a function of etiology (EVA or GJB2 mutation). RESULTS Children with EVA had significantly higher impedances and programming levels (thresholds and upper stimulation levels) than the children with GJB2 mutation. Speech perception scores did not differ as a function of etiology in this sample; rather, they were positively correlated with duration of CI experience (time since implantation). CONCLUSIONS Differences in electrode impedances and CI programming levels suggest that the electrode-neuron interface varies systematically as a function of hearing loss etiology in pediatric CI recipients with EVA and those with GJB2 mutation. Time with the CI was a better predictor of speech perception scores than etiology, suggesting that children can adapt to CI stimulation with experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Jahn
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | | | | | - David Faller
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Roesch S, Rasp G, Sarikas A, Dossena S. Genetic Determinants of Non-Syndromic Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Review. Audiol Res 2021; 11:423-442. [PMID: 34562878 PMCID: PMC8482117 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensorial deficit in humans and one of the most common birth defects. In developed countries, at least 60% of cases of hearing loss are of genetic origin and may arise from pathogenic sequence alterations in one of more than 300 genes known to be involved in the hearing function. Hearing loss of genetic origin is frequently associated with inner ear malformations; of these, the most commonly detected is the enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). EVA may be associated to other cochleovestibular malformations, such as cochlear incomplete partitions, and can be found in syndromic as well as non-syndromic forms of hearing loss. Genes that have been linked to non-syndromic EVA are SLC26A4, GJB2, FOXI1, KCNJ10, and POU3F4. SLC26A4 and FOXI1 are also involved in determining syndromic forms of hearing loss with EVA, which are Pendred syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosis with deafness, respectively. In Caucasian cohorts, approximately 50% of cases of non-syndromic EVA are linked to SLC26A4 and a large fraction of patients remain undiagnosed, thus providing a strong imperative to further explore the etiology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roesch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Gerd Rasp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)662-2420-80564
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Hegde S, Hegde R, Kulkarni SS, Das KK, Gai PB, Bulgouda R. Molecular alteration in the Gap Junction Beta 2 ( GJB2) gene associated with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:31-36. [PMID: 33614373 PMCID: PMC7882085 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic sensory neural hearing defect is one of the genetic diseases inherited from parents to offerings. The autosomal recessive form affects a large population worldwide and has become a major concern in the social and professional lives of many people. There are many factors and genes which are involved in hearing loss but the Gap Junction Beta 2 (GJB2) gene which encodes the connexin 26 protein, is a major cause of non-syndromic recessive deafness (NSRD). This study aims to record and analyze GJB2 gene mutations in the hearing-impaired population of North Karnataka, India. In this study, we included 368 congenitally hearing-impaired children from North Karnataka, India, under 18 years of age. After thorough clinical examinations, patient's history and proper audiological results, peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to genetic analysis. We recorded that 54.8% of the NSRD cases have an autosomal recessive mutation in the coding region of the GJB2 gene. The frequency of W24X (25%) mutation was found to be high in the present study population. From this study we can suggest that, identifying this mutation in new-borns definitely helps in the early diagnosis of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Hegde
- Human genetics laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, India
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad, India
| | - Rajat Hegde
- Laboratory vascular physiology and medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, India
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad, India
| | | | - Kusal K Das
- Laboratory vascular physiology and medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, India
| | - Pramod B Gai
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad, India
- Address correspondence to:Pramod B Gai, Karnataka Institute for DNA Research Dharwad 580003, India. E-mail:
| | - Rudregouda Bulgouda
- Human genetics laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, India
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Jahn KN, Bergan MD, Arenberg JG. Auditory Detection Thresholds and Cochlear Resistivity Differ Between Pediatric Cochlear Implant Listeners With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct and Those With Connexin-26 Mutations. Am J Audiol 2020; 29:23-34. [PMID: 31934787 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-19-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to evaluate differences in the electrode-neuron interface as a function of hearing loss etiology in pediatric cochlear implant (CI) listeners with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) syndrome and in those with autosomal recessive connexin-26 mutations (DFNB1). Method Fifteen implanted ears (9 participants, 5 ears with EVA, 10 ears with DFNB1) were assessed. Single-channel auditory detection thresholds were measured using broad and spatially focused electrode configurations (steered quadrupolar; focusing coefficients = 0 and 0.9). Cochlear resistivity estimates were obtained via electrode impedances and electrical field imaging. Between-group differences were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. Results Children with EVA had significantly higher auditory detection thresholds than children with DFNB1, irrespective of electrode configuration. Between-group differences in thresholds were more pronounced on apical electrodes than on basal electrodes. In the apex, electrode impedances and electrical field imaging values were higher for children with EVA than for those with DFNB1. Conclusions The electrode-neuron interface differs between pediatric CI listeners with DFNB1 and those with EVA. It is possible that optimal clinical interventions may depend, in part, on hearing loss etiology. Future investigations with large samples should investigate individualized CI programming strategies for listeners with EVA and DFNB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. Jahn
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston
| | - Molly D. Bergan
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Julie G. Arenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and spectrum of Connexin 26 (GJB2) mutations in pre-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) patients in authors' centre and to review the data of Indian patients from the literature. METHODS Sanger sequencing of entire coding region contained in single exon (Exon 2) of GJB2 gene in 15 patients of NSHL. RESULTS GJB2 mutations were found in 40% (6/15) of NSHL patients, out of which mono-allelic were 33.3% (2/6). Bi-allelic GJB2 mutations were identified in 4 of 6 patients. Most common GJB2 mutation identified was c.71G > A(p.W24X), comprising 30% of the total GJB2 mutant alleles. Six studies involving 1119 patients with NSHL were reviewed and 4 of them have reported c.71G > A(p.W24X) as the commonest mutation while 2 studies found c.35delG as the commonest. GJB2 mutations accounted for 10.9%-36% cases of NSHL. Sixteen other mutations in GJB2 gene were reported in Indian patients out of which 6 mutations other than c.71G > A(p.W24X) viz., c.35delG, c.1A > G(p.M1V), c.127G > A(p.V43 M), c.204C > G(p.Y86X), c.231G > A(p.W77X) and c.439G > A(p.E147K) were identified in the present study. CONCLUSIONS Connexin 26 (GJB2) mutations are responsible for 19.4% of NSHL in Indian population. The c.71G > A(W24X) and c.35delG were the most prevalent GJB2 mutations accounting for 72.2% (234 of 324 total mutated alleles from 7 studies) and 15.4% (50 of 324 total mutated alleles from 7 studies) respectively. Thus, screening of these two common mutations in GJB2 gene by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) would greatly help in providing easy genetic diagnosis and help in genetic counseling of the families with NSHL.
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Missoum A. The role of gene GJB2 and connexin 26 in hearing impairment. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Farzal Z, Walsh J, Ahmad FI, Roberts J, Ferns SJ, Zdanski CJ. Electrocardiogram Screening in Children with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Prevalence and Follow-up of Abnormalities. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 158:553-558. [PMID: 29160150 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817738975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose is to determine the prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, including borderline and prolonged QT, among screened children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to analyze their subsequent medical workup. Study Design Institutional Review Board-approved case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary academic center. Subjects and Methods Cases from 1996 to 2014 involving pediatric patients (N = 1994) with SNHL were analyzed. Abnormal ECGs were categorized as borderline/prolonged QT or other. A board-certified pediatric cardiologist retrospectively determined the clinical significance of ECG changes. For follow-up analysis, children with heart disease, known syndromes, or inaccessible records were excluded. Results Among 772 children who had ECGs, 215 (27.8%) had abnormal results: 35 (4.5%) with QT abnormalities and 180 (23.3%) with other abnormalities. For children with QT abnormalities meeting inclusion criteria (n = 30), follow-up measures included cardiology referral (46.6%), repeat ECG by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (20%), clearance by ENT specialist with clinical correlation and/or comparison with old ECGs (20%), and pediatrician follow-up (6.7%). Documentation of further workup by ENT or referral was absent for 6.7%. For children with other ECG changes meeting inclusion criteria (n = 136), abnormalities were documented for 57 (41.9%); normal QT without other abnormality was documented for 18 (13.2%). The most common follow-up referrals were to pediatricians (16.9%) and cardiologists (10.3%). Among patients with clinically significant non-QT abnormalities mandating further evaluation (n = 122), 38 (31.1%) had documented follow-up in medical records. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of ECG abnormalities among children with congenital SNHL. If findings are confirmed by future studies, screening should be considered for congenital unilateral or bilateral SNHL, regardless of severity. We describe a standardized protocol for ECG screening/follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Farzal
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Walsh
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Faisal I Ahmad
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason Roberts
- 4 Asheville Head, Neck, and Ear Surgeons, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sunita J Ferns
- 5 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Weinberger S, Nakar S, Greenbaum D. They Chose … Poorly 1 : A Novel Cause of Action to Discourage Detrimental Genetic Selection. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LAW & MEDICINE 2017; 43:107-137. [PMID: 29086608 DOI: 10.1177/0098858817707986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dov Greenbaum
- Dov Greenbaum, JD, PhD is the Founder and Director of the Zvi Meitar Institute for Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies, Radzyner Law School, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel. Dov is also an Associate Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (adjunct) at Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Batool A, Yasmeen S, Rashid S. T8M mutation in connexin-26 impairs the connexon topology and shifts its interaction paradigm with lipid bilayer leading to non-syndromic hearing loss. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people in the United States alone. No drug-based therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and treatment mostly relies on devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Müller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Peter G Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 South West Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Hung A, Yarovsky I. Gap Junction Hemichannel Interactions with Zwitterionic Lipid, Anionic Lipid, and Cholesterol: Molecular Simulation Studies. Biochemistry 2011; 50:1492-504. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1004156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hung
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Löppönen T, Väisänen ML, Luotonen M, Allinen M, Uusimaa J, Lindholm P, Mäki-Torkko E, Väyrynen M, Löppönen H, Leisti J. Connexin 26 mutations and nonsyndromic hearing impairment in Northern Finland. Laryngoscope 2010; 113:1758-63. [PMID: 14520102 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200310000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of the gap junction protein beta-2 gene (GJB2), encoding connexin 26 (Cx26), in children with moderate to profound prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment (HI) and to investigate the carrier frequencies of the GJB2 gene mutations in a control population in Northern Finland. METHODS Mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing and carrier detection by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis further confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS Cx26 mutations were found in 15 of 71 (21.1%) (67 families) children with HI. Homozygosity for the mutation 35delG was shown to be the cause of HI in 13 of 15 (86.7%) children. Homozygosity for the M34T genotype was found in one child, and compound heterozygosity for the M34T/V37I genotype was found in another. Five families of those with suspected familial HI (29.4%) and six families out of those with sporadic HI (12.0%) had a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation. The carrier frequency for the mutation 35delG was 1 of 78 (4 of 313) and that for the M34T was 1 of 26 (12 of 313). CONCLUSION 35delG/35delG genotype was found to be a significant cause of moderate to profound prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural HI in Northern Finland. M34T/M34T genotype was seen in only one child, but the carrier frequency of the M34T allele was about three times higher than that of the 35delG mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Löppönen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland.
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Meşe G, Londin E, Mui R, Brink PR, White TW. Altered gating properties of functional Cx26 mutants associated with recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet 2004; 115:191-9. [PMID: 15241677 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) form gap junctions that allow the exchange of small metabolites and ions. In the inner ear, Cx26 is the major gap junction protein and mutations in the Cx26-encoding gene, GJB2, are the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB1). We have functionally analyzed five Cx26 mutations associated with DFNB1, comprising the following single amino-acid substitutions: T8M, R143W, V153I, N206S and L214P. Coupling of cells expressing wild-type or mutant Cx26 was measured in the paired Xenopus oocyte assay. We found that the R143W, V153I and L214P mutations were unable to form functional channels. In contrast, the T8M and N206S mutants did electrically couple cells, though their voltage gating properties were different from wild-type Cx26 channels. The electrical coupling of oocytes expressing the T8M and N206S mutants suggest that these channels may retain high permeability to potassium ions. Therefore, deafness associated with Cx26 mutations may not only depend on reduced potassium re-circulation in the inner ear. Instead, abnormalities in the exchange of other metabolites through the cochlear gap junction network may also produce deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülistan Meşe
- Graduate Program in Genetics, State University of New York, BST 5-147, NY 11794-8661, Stony Brook, USA
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