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Sizemore RN, Baker LR. Perceiving greater commitment increases selfishness among disagreeable people. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303693. [PMID: 38829902 PMCID: PMC11146695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceiving that a partner is highly committed tends to benefit close relationships. However, there may be relational drawbacks to perceiving high commitment. In particular, given that high commitment may signal that a partner is unlikely to leave the relationship, perceiving that a partner is highly committed might lead people low in agreeableness to feel comfortable behaving more selfishly toward that partner. One correlational study consisting of a highly diverse sample of individuals (n = 307), one observational study of newlywed couples (n = 202), and one experiment with undergraduate couples (n = 252) examined whether the implications of perceived partner commitment for selfish behaviors depend on agreeableness. Results demonstrated that perceiving high commitment resulted in more selfish behavior among disagreeable participants (Studies 1-3), but less selfish behavior among agreeable participants (Studies 1 and 3). Together, these results suggest that signaling commitment to disagreeable partners may backfire in romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raini N. Sizemore
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Levi R. Baker
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
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Crapolicchio E, Cinquegrana V, Regalia C. The Role of Positivity on Depressive Symptoms in Women Seeking Help for Intimate Partner Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7078. [PMID: 37998309 PMCID: PMC10671117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and pervasive global phenomenon. Despite extensive research on physical and sexual violence, there has been a relative lack of investigation into the detrimental and distinctive consequences of psychological violence against women. This is surprising given the profound impact it has on the psychological well-being of victims, notably in the form of depression, which is commonly observed as an outcome in cases of psychological IPV victimization. The present study analyzes the impact of psychological IPV on depressive symptoms, considering the moderating influence of personal positivity, defined as positive self-perceptions, optimistic life perspectives, and a hopeful view of the future in a sample of 171 Italian women seeking assistance from anti-violence centers in different localities of Italy. The findings show that in line with the hypothesis, the association between psychological violence and depressive symptoms is moderated by the levels of perceived positivity, even when controlling for instances of physical violence. These results and implications for interventions are discussed within the framework of existing literature on positive psychology and psychological well-being in the context of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenza Cinquegrana
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
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Wenzel M, Harous C, Cibich M, Woodyatt L. Does victims' forgiveness help offenders to forgive themselves? The role meta-perceptions of value consensus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Quintana-Orts C, Rey L, Worthington EL. The Relationship Between Forgiveness, Bullying, and Cyberbullying in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:588-604. [PMID: 31434555 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019869098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of bullying in adolescence has received increased attention over the past several decades. A growing body of research highlights the role of forgiveness and its association with aggression. In this article, we systematically review published studies on the association among online and traditional bullying and forgiveness in adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, and Scopus databases. From a total of 1,093 studies, 637 were nonduplicated studies and 18 were eventually included. Together, these studies provided evidence that forgiveness and bullying behaviors are negatively related: Adolescents with higher forgiveness levels bully less. Similarly, forgiveness is negatively related to victimization: Adolescents with higher forgiveness show less victimization. Unforgiveness was positively related to traditional and online bullying. This relationship appears to be consistent beyond types of bullying, certain background characteristics, and forgiveness measures. These findings are discussed, and clinical implications and guidelines for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Faculty of Psychology, 16752University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Everett L Worthington
- Department of Counseling Psychology, 6889Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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May RW, Fincham FD, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Firulescu L. Forgiveness: protecting medical residents from the detrimental relationship between workplace bullying and wellness. Stress 2021; 24:19-28. [PMID: 32063074 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1729733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying of medical residents is associated with numerous negative psychological and physiological outcomes. As bullying within this demographic grows, there is increased interest in identifying novel protective factors. Accordingly, this research investigated whether interpersonal forgiveness buffers the relationship between two forms of workplace bullying and indices of well-being. Medical residents (N = 134, 62% males) completed measures assessing person and work-related bullying victimization, dispositional forgiveness, and depressive symptoms and underwent a series of cardiovascular assessments during which cardiovascular reactivity was induced by a 3-min serial subtraction math task. It was hypothesized that the tendency to forgive would be negatively related to bullying victimization and that forgiveness would reduce the association of bullying with psychological distress (i.e. depressive symptoms), cognition errors (i.e. incorrect serial subtraction computations), and exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. Findings show that forgiveness reduced the harmful relationship between the two forms of workplace bullying and depressive symptoms, serial subtraction errors, and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery for systolic blood pressure (SBP). Study results suggest that forgiveness may serve as an effective means for reducing the outcomes of bullying for medical residents. Implications for forgiveness interventions are discussed. Lay summary This research demonstrated that forgiveness reduced the harmful relationship between bullying victimization and negative outcomes (i.e. depressive symptoms, subtraction errors, and exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity and recovery for SBP) in medical residents. This study suggests that forgiveness may serve as a protective factor and provide an effective means for reducing the negative association between workplace bullying and negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W May
- Family Institute, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Frank D Fincham
- Family Institute, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Lidia Firulescu
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
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Mendes-Teixeira AI, Duarte C. Perdão e Satisfação Conjugal: Uma Revisão Sistemática. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o perdão, quando estudado, com a satisfação conjugal, possibilitando uma melhor integração empírica da investigação sobre os dois construtos. Apesar da interdisciplinaridade emergente, a investigação face a esses dois construtos têm permanecido inconsistente, existindo várias dúvidas quanto à relação entre ambos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em diferentes bases de dados internacionais (Academic Search Complete, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, PsycCritiques, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection), consultadas até 1990, retrospectivamente, permitindo uma identificação inicial de 516 estudos. Com base em critérios de inclusão e exclusão rigorosa e previamente definidos, 25 estudos, publicados entre 2002 e 2016, foram selecionados para uma análise crítica. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudos aposta numa conceptualização multidimensional do perdão, emergindo a presença de uma dimensão motivacional positiva (benevolência) e a renúncia a um estado motivacional negativo (vingança, evitamento, retaliação). Os dados sugerem relações positivas entre perdão e satisfação conjugal: o perdão promove níveis superiores de satisfação conjugal; níveis superiores de satisfação conjugal promovem um maior perdão; a relação entre os construtos pode ser bidirecional. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos incluídos revela um design metodológico transversal, limitando a exploração e a retirada de conclusões acerca da direção das relações causais entre os dois construtos. Revela-se fundamental o desenvolvimento de estudos futuros com designs metodológicos mais complexos, permitindo uma compreensão mais rigorosa e o alargamento do campo de estudos.
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Eyring JB, Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Clancy TJ. Forgiveness and Gratitude: Links Between Couples' Mindfulness and Sexual and Relational Satisfaction in New Cisgender Heterosexual Marriages. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 47:147-161. [PMID: 33263504 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1842571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The association of mindfulness with couples' relational and sexual satisfaction may be mediated by forgiveness and gratitude. Although forgiveness and gratitude have individually been shown to play a role in couples' relational and sexual satisfaction, we use an integrated model. This study included 1,360 couples recruited through a nationwide two-stage cluster stratification. Using an actor-partner interdependence model, we found significant indirect effects (β = 0.01, 0.08, p < .01), indicating that forgiveness and gratitude mediated many of the associations between couples' mindfulness and their sexual and relational satisfaction. This may provide useful information for clinicians and therapists when addressing marital issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Eyring
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tyler J Clancy
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Xie X, Tang X, Rapp H, Tong D, Wang P. Does forgiveness alleviate depression after being phubbed for emerging adults? The mediating role of self-esteem. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Baker LR, McNulty JK. The Relationship Problem Solving (RePS) Model: How Partners Influence One Another to Resolve Relationship Problems. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019; 24:53-77. [PMID: 31658875 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319881243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we synthesize existing literatures across numerous domains to introduce a novel model-the Relationship Problem Solving (RePS) model-for understanding the process through which romantic partners influence one another to resolve relationship problems. The first section briefly describes the key constructs and stages of the model. The second section details the interpersonal behaviors that influence various intrapersonal factors (e.g., affect, self-efficacy) that ultimately influence partners' motivation and ability to progress through the stages of the model. The third section uses the model to generate novel predictions that suggest that the effectiveness of these interpersonal behaviors often depends on contextual factors. Finally, the fourth section discusses the implications of this model for understanding relationship problem solving, highlights the need to consider the role of context in the problem-solving process, and offers numerous specific predictions to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi R Baker
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
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vanOyen Witvliet C, Root Luna LM, VanderStoep JL, Gonzalez T, Griffin GD. Granting forgiveness: State and trait evidence for genetic and gender indirect effects through empathy. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1615108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gerald D. Griffin
- Psychology Department, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
- Biology Department, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
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Explorations of Forgiveness in Ghanaian Marriages. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-018-0471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Leboeuf-Yde C, Innes SI, Young KJ, Kawchuk GN, Hartvigsen J. Chiropractic, one big unhappy family: better together or apart? Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:4. [PMID: 30828419 PMCID: PMC6383283 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chiropractic profession has a long history of internal conflict. Today, the division is between the ‘evidence-friendly’ faction that focuses on musculoskeletal problems based on a contemporary and evidence-based paradigm, and the ‘traditional’ group that subscribes to concepts such as ‘subluxation’ and the spine as the centre of good health. This difference is becoming increasingly obvious and problematic from both within and outside of the profession in light of the general acceptance of evidence-based practice as the basis for health care. Because this is an issue with many factors to consider, we decided to illustrate it with an analogy. We aimed to examine the chiropractic profession from the perspective of an unhappy marriage by defining key elements in happy and unhappy marriages and by identifying factors that may determine why couples stay together or spilt up. Main body We argue here that the situation within the chiropractic profession corresponds very much to that of an unhappy couple that stays together for reasons that are unconnected with love or even mutual respect. We also contend that the profession could be conceptualised as existing on a spectrum with the ‘evidence-friendly’ and the ‘traditional’ groups inhabiting the end points, with the majority of chiropractors in the middle. This middle group does not appear to be greatly concerned with either faction and seems comfortable taking an approach of ‘you never know who and what will respond to spinal manipulation’. We believe that this ‘silent majority’ makes it possible for groups of chiropractors to practice outside the logical framework of today’s scientific concepts. Conclusion There is a need to pause and consider if the many reasons for disharmony within the chiropractic profession are, in fact, irreconcilable. It is time to openly debate the issue of a professional split by engaging in formal and courageous discussions. This item should be prioritised on the agendas of national associations, conferences, teaching institutions, and licensing/registration as well as accreditation bodies. However, for this to happen, the middle group of chiropractors will have to become engaged and consider the benefits and risks of respectively staying together or breaking up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde
- 1Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stanley I Innes
- 2School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Kenneth J Young
- 2School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Gregory Neil Kawchuk
- 3Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Corbett Hall, 8205 114 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4 Canada
| | - Jan Hartvigsen
- 4Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.,5Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Yao DJ, Chao MM. When Forgiveness Signals Power: Effects of Forgiveness Expression and Forgiver Gender. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 45:310-324. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167218784904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forgiveness has been regarded as a sign of power, yet empirical evidence is mixed. This research seeks to resolve this inconsistency by looking into how and from whom forgiveness is expressed. Integrating theories on forgiveness, communication, and gender role, we hypothesized and found, in two experiments, that a third party’s perception of forgiver power is jointly influenced by forgiveness expression (explicit vs. implicit) and forgiver gender. Female forgivers were perceived as less powerful than their male counterparts when forgivers expressed implicit forgiveness, whereas this gender difference was not found when forgivers expressed explicit forgiveness. Perceived forgiver power, in turn, positively influenced third parties’ cooperation with the forgiver in subsequent interaction. This research represents an initial step to understanding forgiveness from a communication perspective. It demonstrates the social implications of forgiveness on uninvolved third parties. Our findings also resonate with several others in showing that forgiveness does not always yield interpersonal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melody M. Chao
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Zheng MX, van Dijke M, Narayanan J, De Cremer D. When expressing forgiveness backfires in the workplace: victim power moderates the effect of expressing forgiveness on transgressor compliance. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2017.1392940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Xue Zheng
- Department of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), Shanghai, China
| | - Marius van Dijke
- Business and Society Department, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Human Resource Management, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jayanth Narayanan
- Department of Organizational Behavior and Leadership, International Institute for Management Development (IMD), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Management and Organisation, Business School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David De Cremer
- Organisational Behaviour & Information Systems Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
What constitutes effective communication during conflict? Answering this question requires (a) clarifying whether communication expresses opposition versus cooperation and is direct versus indirect, (b) assessing the mechanisms through which communication effects relationships, and (c) identifying the contextual factors that determine the impact of communication. Recent research incorporating these components illustrates that direct opposition is beneficial when serious problems need to be addressed and partners are able to change, but can be harmful when partners are not confident or secure enough to be responsive. In contrast, cooperative communication involving affection and validation can be harmful when serious problems need to changed, but may be beneficial when problems are minor, cannot be changed, or involve partners whose defensiveness curtails problem solving.
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McNulty J. Highlighting the Contextual Nature of Interpersonal Relationships. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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McNulty JK, Fincham FD. Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 67:101-10. [PMID: 21787036 DOI: 10.1037/a0024572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The field of positive psychology rests on the assumption that certain psychological traits and processes are inherently beneficial for well-being. We review evidence that challenges this assumption. First, we review data from 4 independent longitudinal studies of marriage revealing that 4 ostensibly positive processes-forgiveness, optimistic expectations, positive thoughts, and kindness-can either benefit or harm well-being depending on the context in which they operate. Although all 4 processes predicted better relationship well-being among spouses in healthy marriages, they predicted worse relationship well-being in more troubled marriages. Then, we review evidence from other research that reveals that whether ostensibly positive psychological traits and processes benefit or harm well-being depends on the context of various noninterpersonal domains as well. Finally, we conclude by arguing that any movement to promote well-being may be most successful to the extent that it (a) examines the conditions under which the same traits and processes may promote versus threaten well-being, (b) examines both healthy and unhealthy people, (c) examines well-being over substantial periods of time, and (d) avoids labeling psychological traits and processes as positive or negative.
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