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Nyunt G, McMillen J, Oplt K, Beckham V. Flourishing (or lack thereof) during COVID-19: College students'social-psychological well-being during the Fall 2020 semester. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:177-187. [PMID: 35026969 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This exploratory quantitative study examined college students' social-psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: The sample included 1,723 students (undergraduate and graduate) at a public research university. Methods: Paired samples t-test were utilized to compare students' social-psychological well-being pre-pandemic, at the start of the Fall 2020 semester, and toward the end of the Fall 2020 semester. Regression analyses were utilized to identify predictors of students' social-psychological well-being at the start and toward the end of the Fall 2020 semester. Results: Students experienced a significant decrease in social-psychological well-being pre-pandemic to the start of the Fall 2020 semester and most had not returned to pre-pandemic levels toward the end of the semester. While demographics, housing arrangements, and course modality impacted social-psychological well-being, they only explained a small percentage of the variance in students' well-being. Conclusion: Students continued to experience low mental well-being during the Fall 2020 semester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Nyunt
- Counseling and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeanine McMillen
- Counseling and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaley Oplt
- Counseling and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Vanessa Beckham
- Counseling and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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2
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Ravelo Y, Alegre OM, Marrero H, Gonzalez-Mendez R. Motivational mediation between coping and post-traumatic growth in previously bullied college students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1048270. [PMID: 36605261 PMCID: PMC9808055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1048270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has consistently shown that experiences of peer victimization may have long lasting negative consequences on health and academic achievement. Less attention has been paid to the association between past bullying and post-traumatic growth in college students. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the role of different motivational orientations (The Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) and regulatory focus) as potential mediators between cognitive strategies (rumination and resilient coping) and post-traumatic growth (PTG). Using a large sample of 1,134 college students, 85 were selected who were in their first year of college and had reported having previously experienced bullying. After classifying the participants acording to their the 33rd and 66th percentile scores on post-traumatic growth, a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences between the low and high groups, with those highest in PTG showing the highest scores on drive approach, focus on promotion, and resilient coping. Conditional process analysis with these significant variables revealed that regulatory focus on promotion mediates between resilient coping and post-traumatic growth, whereas drive moderates the link between both variables. The findings shed light on the motivational mechanisms underlying PTG, which may be useful to guide interventions to prevent the consequences of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yennifer Ravelo
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain,Department Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Olga M. Alegre
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain,Department Didáctica e Investigación Educativa,Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Hipólito Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain,Department Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rosaura Gonzalez-Mendez
- Department Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain,*Correspondence: Rosaura Gonzalez-Mendez,
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3
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Ganzach Y, Bulmash B, Pazy A. Top-down versus bottom-up processes in the formation of positive and negative retrospective affect. Cogn Emot 2022; 37:86-97. [PMID: 36413262 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2146658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of two large scale diary studies (n = 2022, n = 762) We study differences in the effects of dispositions and situations in the formation of positive and negative retrospective affect (retrospective-PA and retrospective-NA, respectively), the affect associated with extended (e.g. daily) experiences, as opposed to very short (episodic) experiences. We suggest that the differences between retrospective-PA and retrospective-NA is due to the fact that positive retrospective evaluation (i.e. the evaluation of positive retrospective affect) involves primarily top-down processing, in which people resort to their dispositions in making these evaluations, whereas negative retrospective evaluation (the evaluation of negative retrospective affect) is primarily based on the cumulative affects of individual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ganzach
- The Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben Bulmash
- Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Asya Pazy
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Prati A, Senik C. Feeling Good Is Feeling Better. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1828-1841. [PMID: 36206164 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221096158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Can people remember their past happiness? We analyzed data from four longitudinal surveys from the United States, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany spanning from the 1970s until the present, in which more than 60,000 adults were asked questions about their current and past life satisfaction. We uncovered systematic biases in recalled happiness: On average, people tended to overstate the improvement in their well-being over time and to understate their past happiness. But this aggregate figure hides a deep asymmetry: Whereas happy people recall the evolution of their life to be better than it was, unhappy ones tend to exaggerate their life's negative evolution. It thus seems that feeling happy today implies feeling better than yesterday. This recall structure has implications for motivated memory and learning and could explain why happy people are more optimistic, perceive risks to be lower, and are more open to new experiences.
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Discrete memories of adverse experiences differ according to post-traumatic growth. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Alaybek B, Dalal RS, Fyffe S, Aitken JA, Zhou Y, Qu X, Roman A, Baines JI. All’s well that ends (and peaks) well? A meta-analysis of the peak-end rule and duration neglect. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Ganzach Y, Bulmash B, Noor M. The effect of serial day on the measurement of positivity and emotional complexity in diary studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ganzach
- Tel Aviv Business Administration Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Masi Noor
- Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool John Moores University Tom Reilly building Bryom Street Liverpool Merseyside United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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8
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Junghaenel DU, Broderick JE, Schneider S, Wen CKF, Mak HW, Goldstein S, Mendez M, Stone AA. Explaining age differences in the memory-experience gap. Psychol Aging 2021; 36:679-693. [PMID: 34516172 PMCID: PMC8442980 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotions and symptoms are often overestimated in retrospective ratings, a phenomenon referred to as the "memory-experience gap." Some research has shown that this gap is less pronounced among older compared to younger adults for self-reported negative affect, but it is not known whether these age differences are evident consistently across domains of well-being and why these age differences emerge. In this study, we examined age differences in the memory-experience gap for emotional (positive and negative affect), social (loneliness), and physical (pain, fatigue) well-being. We also tested four variables that could plausibly explain age differences in the gap: (a) episodic memory and executive functioning, (b) the age-related positivity effect, (c) variability of daily experiences, and (d) socially desirable responding. Adults (n = 477) from three age groups (21-44, 45-64, 65+ years old) participated in a 21-day diary study. Participants completed daily end-of-day ratings and retrospective ratings of the same constructs over different recall periods (3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Results showed that, relative to young and middle-aged adults, older adults had a smaller memory-experience gap for negative affect and loneliness. Lower day-to-day variability partly explained why the gap was smaller for older adults. There was no evidence that the magnitude of the memory-experience gap for positive affect, pain or fatigue depended on age. We recommend that future research considers how variability in daily experiences can impact age differences in retrospective self-reports of well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doerte U. Junghaenel
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Joan E. Broderick
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Cheng K. F. Wen
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Hio Wa Mak
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Goldstein
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn Mendez
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Arthur A. Stone
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Deparment of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
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9
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Positive leadership and employee engagement: The roles of state positive affect and individualism-collectivism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9109-9118. [PMID: 34413622 PMCID: PMC8364414 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drawing upon broaden-and-build theory, this study examined the influence of positive leadership on employee engagement through the mediating role of employees' state positive affect and the moderating effect of individualism-collectivism orientation in a Chinese cultural context. A sample of 215 valid questionnaires was obtained through a two-wave survey of 48 teams working in central China. Hypotheses were tested by a method of hierarchical linear modelling. The results indicate that positive leadership promotes employees' state positive affect and engagement. State positive affect partially mediates the association between positive leadership and employee engagement. Moreover, a multilevel moderation analysis reveals that collectivism weakens the effect of positive leadership on employees' state positive affect. Theoretical and managerial implications and future directions are discussed.
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Lan J, Mao Y, Peng KZ, Wang Y. The combined effects of positive and negative affect on job satisfaction and counterproductive work behavior. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-021-09753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Ellison WD, Trahan AC, Pinzon JC, Gillespie ME, Simmons LM, King KY. For whom, and for what, is experience sampling more accurate than retrospective report? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Neuroticism as the intensity, reactivity, and variability in day-to-day affect. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Gonzalez-Mendez R, Yagual SN, Marrero H. Attentional bias towards resilience-related words is related to post-traumatic growth and personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Zygar-Hoffmann C, Schönbrodt FD. Recalling Experiences: Looking at Momentary, Retrospective and Global Assessments of Relationship Satisfaction. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationship satisfaction can be assessed in retrospection, as a global evaluation, or as a momentary state. In two experience sampling studies (N = 130, N = 510) the specificities of these assessment modalities are examined. We show that 1) compared to other summary statistics like the median, the mean of relationship satisfaction states describes retrospective and global evaluations best (but the difference to some other summary statistics was negligible); 2) retrospection introduces an overestimation of the average annoyance in the relationship reported on a momentary basis, which results in an overall negative mean-level bias for retrospective relationship satisfaction; 3) this bias is most strongly moderated by global relationship satisfaction at the time of retrospection; 4) snapshots of momentary relationship satisfaction get representative of global evaluations after approximately two weeks of sampling. The findings extend the recall bias reported in the literature for retrospection of negative affect to the domain of relationship evaluations and assist researchers in designing efficient experience sampling studies.
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15
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Scheibehenne B, Coppin G. How does the peak-end rule smell? Tracing hedonic experience with odours. Cogn Emot 2019; 34:713-727. [PMID: 31615343 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2019.1675599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The peak-end rule predicts that retrospective evaluations of affective events heavily depend on their most intense and last moment and imply duration neglect. It was originally proposed for negative experiences such as painful medical procedures. It is unclear, however, to what degree it also applies to positive experiences. Previously, rigorous comparisons between the two domains were limited due to the use of qualitatively different stimuli. Hence, it is not clear if the peak-end rule holds for short positive and negative experiences alike. To address these questions in a genuinely emotional domain, we conducted two experiments (n = 48 each) in which we used odours as stimuli. Participants repeatedly evaluated continuous odour sequences delivered into their noses via an olfactometer. The sequences differed in valence (positive vs. negative), length (36 vs. 72 s), and trajectory (increasing, decreasing, U-shaped, and inverse U-shaped). Results provide evidence for the peak-end rule for both positive and negative experiences alike. Results further show an overweighting of intense negative experiences for sequences that contain both pleasant and unpleasant episodes but provide little evidence for an effect of the trajectory manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Géraldine Coppin
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Distance University Institute (UniDistance), Centre d'Etudes Suisse Romand, Sierre, Switzerland
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16
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Rinner MTB, Meyer AH, Mikoteit T, Hoyer J, Imboden C, Hatzinger M, Bader K, Lieb R, Miché M, Wersebe H, Gloster AT. General or specific? The memory-experience gap for individuals diagnosed with a major depressive disorder or a social phobia diagnosis, and individuals without such diagnoses. Memory 2019; 27:1194-1203. [PMID: 31311430 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1640252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychological treatment and assessment necessarily rely on patients' recall. Yet several empirical studies have documented a gap between memory and real-life experience (i.e., memory-experience gap; MeG). We investigated and compared the MeG of sadness, social anxiety, happiness, and physical activity for participants diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (MDD), a social phobia (SP), and participants without such diagnoses (CG). The study included 118 participants diagnosed with a MDD, 47 with a SP, and 119 CG. Using event-sampling methods (ESM), participants were asked via smartphone to report their experiences throughout a week and then to recall those again retrospectively at the end of the study week. Results indicate significant differences in the MeG with respect to the experience that was salient to them (e.g., MDD group - sadness; SP group - social anxiety; CG group - happiness). Furthermore, all groups showed a MeG for physical activity and, the results indicate significant group differences in the magnitude of the MeGs. This study demonstrated the presence of a MeG in individuals in a MDD, SP, and CG group and in positive and negative affective experiences. Differential patterns across the samples contribute to a better understanding of this gap and its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia T B Rinner
- a Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,b Psychiatric University Clinics UPK , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- c Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Mikoteit
- d Centre for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hoyer
- e Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Imboden
- f Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Solothurn & University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,g Private Clinic Wyss , Muenchenbuchsee , Switzerland
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- f Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Solothurn & University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Klaus Bader
- b Psychiatric University Clinics UPK , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- c Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marcel Miché
- c Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Hanna Wersebe
- c Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- a Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,c Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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Neubauer AB, Scott SB, Sliwinski MJ, Smyth JM. How was your day? Convergence of aggregated momentary and retrospective end-of-day affect ratings across the adult life span. J Pers Soc Psychol 2019; 119:185-203. [PMID: 31070397 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Daily diary studies and experience sampling studies examine day-to-day variations in affect using different rating types: The former typically collect retrospective affect reports at the end of the day, whereas the latter collects multiple momentary assessments across the day. The present study examined the convergence of (aggregated) momentary assessments collected repeatedly within a day and retrospective assessments collected at the end of the day. Building on prior research on the memory-experience gap and the peak-and-end rule we predicted that participants would report more intense retrospective affect than aggregated momentary affect, and that retrospective affect would be biased toward the peak and the most recent affect of the day. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory and the strength and vulnerability integration model, age differences in these convergence indicators were expected. Findings from 2 age-heterogeneous ecological momentary assessment/daily diary hybrid studies (N = 242, 25-65 years; and N = 175, 20-79 years) revealed (a) a memory-experience gap for negative affect (more intense retrospective ratings than aggregated momentary ratings) that is attenuated with advancing age; (b) only a small memory-experience gap for positive affect for very old adults (66-79 years), but not younger adults; (c) relatively high convergence of aggregated momentary ratings and retrospective ratings despite (d) small biases of retrospective negative affect ratings toward peak and most recent negative affect. Findings suggest that both rating types can discriminate "good days" from "bad days" and provide overlapping but not necessarily exchangeable information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Dyadic coping in personal projects of romantic partners: assessment and associations with relationship satisfaction. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study we describe a context-sensitive, personal-projects-based approach to dyadic coping with stress which adapted the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) for the assessment of dyadic coping strategies in stressful personal projects. In a cross-sectional study, 149 heterosexual Hungarian couples provided evaluations pertaining to their dyadic coping experiences in a stressful everyday project. Explorative factor analyses of personal project-related DCI items provided theoretically meaningful factor structures and the resulting subscales showed excellent reliability. The subscales’ predictive validity was tested in two dyadic analyses using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) whereby positive and negative dyadic coping experiences served as predictors of satisfaction with the dyadic coping process in particular, and with the relationship in general as outcomes. Our results showed that satisfaction with dyadic coping in personal projects is predicted only by the dyadic coping experiences of the respondents (the actor effect), while actor and partner effects proved to be predictive of relationship satisfaction. Negative partner experiences related to dyadic coping predicted lower relationship satisfaction of the female partner, while for males the positive experiences of the partner were found to be more predictive. These results confirm that the contextualized assessment of dyadic coping experiences in specific stressful personal projects is a reliable and valid method. Further methodological and theoretical conclusions are discussed.
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