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Li Z, Liu T, Wang S, Chen T, Wang X, Xu X, Liu Q. Yinhuang buccal tablet alters airway microbiota composition and metabolite profile in healthy humans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118043. [PMID: 38490289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Perturbations in airway microbiota composition and disruption of microbe-metabolite interactions have been observed in respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). The Yinhuang (YH) buccal tablet, as an ancient Chinese medicinal formula, has been traditionally employed for the management of upper RIDs. However, there is a lack of evidence for the effects of YH buccal tablets on upper respiratory tract microbiota and circulating metabolites. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in respiratory microbiota composition and circulating metabolite profile after YH buccal tablets administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Throat swab samples and serum samples were collected from 60 healthy subjects for high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA) sequencing and non-targeted Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. RESULTS Airway microbial composition changed significantly after YH administration. The abundance of Actinomyces and Prevotella_7 increased, while the abundance of potentially pathogenic Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium decreased. A total of 168 significant HMDB taxonomic metabolites were identified in serum samples, of which lipid metabolites accounted for the largest proportion. Correlation analysis showed that circulatory metabolites were significantly correlated with changes in airway microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS YH buccal tablets can inhibit opportunistic pathogens, increase beneficial microorganisms in the upper respiratory tract, and regulate the body's metabolic pathways. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of action of YH buccal tablets in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Tengwen Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
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2
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Jing G, Zuo J, Liu Z, Liu H, Cheng M, Yuan M, Gong H, Wu X, Song X. Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal associations of serum metabolites with sepsis and 28-day mortality. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11551. [PMID: 38773119 PMCID: PMC11109149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorder has been found to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis. However, the causation of such an association between serum metabolites and sepsis has not been established. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. A genome-wide association study of 486 human serum metabolites was used as the exposure, whereas sepsis and sepsis mortality within 28 days were set as the outcomes. In MR analysis, 6 serum metabolites were identified to be associated with an increased risk of sepsis, and 6 serum metabolites were found to be related to a reduced risk of sepsis. Furthermore, there were 9 metabolites positively associated with sepsis-related mortality, and 8 metabolites were negatively correlated with sepsis mortality. In addition, "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" (p = 0.001), and "pyruvate metabolism" (p = 0.042) two metabolic pathways were associated with the incidence of sepsis. This MR study suggested that serum metabolites played significant roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which may provide helpful biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and prognostic assessments for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Jing
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huifan Liu
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hailong Gong
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuemin Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Shang W, Qian H, Zhang S, Yuan M, Pan X, Huang S, Liu J, Chen D. Human blood metabolites and risk of sepsis: A Mendelian randomization investigation. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14145. [PMID: 38041600 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports the observational correlations between human blood metabolites and sepsis. However, whether these associations represent a causal relationship is unknown. In this study, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine causality between genetically proxied 486 blood metabolites and sepsis risk. METHODS We used summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 486 metabolites involving 7824 individuals as exposure and a sepsis GWAS including 11,643 cases and 474,841 controls as the outcome. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method to estimate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome, with MR-Egger and weighted median serving as supplements. Sensitivity analyses were implemented with Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis. In addition, we performed replication MR, meta-analysis, Steiger test, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and multivariable MR (MVMR) to thoroughly verify the causation. RESULTS We identified that genetically determined high levels of 1-oleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (odds ratio (OR) = .52, 95% confidence interval (CI): .31-.87, p = .0122), alpha-glutamyltyrosine (OR = .75, 95% CI: .60-.93, p = .0102), heptanoate (7:0) (OR = .51, 95% CI: .33-.81, p = .0041) and saccharin (OR = .84, 95% CI: .74-.94, p = .0036) were causally associated with a lower risk of sepsis. MVMR analysis demonstrated the independent causal effect of these metabolites on sepsis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that four blood metabolites have a protective impact on sepsis, thus providing novel perspectives into the metabolite-mediated development mechanism of sepsis by combining genomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Montero-Jodra A, de la Fuente MÁ, Gobelli D, Martín-Fernández M, Villar J, Tamayo E, Simarro M. The mitochondrial signature of cultured endothelial cells in sepsis: Identifying potential targets for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166946. [PMID: 37939908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the most common cause of death from infection in the world. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for patients with sepsis, and management relies on infection control and support of organ function. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of this syndrome will help to develop innovative therapies. In this regard, it has been widely reported that endothelial cell activation and dysfunction are major contributors to the development of sepsis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging findings highlighting the prominent role of mitochondria in the endothelial response in in vitro experimental models of sepsis. Additionally, we discuss potential mitochondrial targets that have demonstrated protective effects in preclinical investigations against sepsis. These promising findings hold the potential to pave the way for future clinical trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Montero-Jodra
- Department of Surgery, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel de la Fuente
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Dino Gobelli
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Fernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; BioCritic, Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo Tamayo
- Department of Surgery, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; BioCritic, Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Simarro
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Significance of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Heart Failure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183758. [PMID: 36145134 PMCID: PMC9504097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of various heart diseases, seriously threatens an individual’s life, health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota comprises an important component of human physiology and metabolic homeostasis, and can directly or indirectly affect the metabolic health of the host through metabolites. Upon in-depth study of intestinal microecology, the “gut-heart axis” appears to provide a novel direction for HF research. Thus, this review primarily focuses on the relationship between the gut microbiota and its major metabolites—i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—and HF. It explores the mechanisms underlying HF and its effective treatment by targeting SCFAs to optimize current HF treatment and thus improve the quality of patients’ lives.
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Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Plianwong S, Kc R, Ostergaard H, Uludağ H. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Production by Lipid-Substituted Low Molecular Weight Branched PEIs Used for Gene Delivery. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:279-297. [PMID: 35738388 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-modified low molecular weight branched polyethyleneimines (PEIs) are promising non-viral gene delivery systems that have been successfully explored for treatment of various diseases. The present study aims to determine in vitro safety of these delivery systems based on assessment of cytotoxicity with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), hemolysis with human red blood cells (RBC) and cytokine secretion from several sources of PBMCs. The viability of cells treated with lipopolymer/pDNA complexes was dependent on the polymer:pDNA ratio used but remained low at therapeutically relevant concentrations for most lipopolymers, except for the propionic acid substituted PEIs. The extent of hemolysis was minimal and below the accepted safety levels with most of the lipopolymers; however, some linoleic acid substituted PEIs yielded significant hemolysis activity. Unlike strong cytokine secretion from PMA/IO stimulated cells, most lipopolymer/pDNA complexes remained non-responsive, showing minimal changes in cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) irrespective of the lipopolymer/pDNA formulations. The 0.6 kDa PEI with lauric acid substituent displayed slight cytokine upregulation, however it remained low relative to the positive controls. This study demonstrated that the lipid modified LMW PEIs are expected to be safe in contact with blood components. However, close attention to lipopolymer concentration and ratio of polymer to pDNA in formulations might be required for individual lipopolymers for optimal safety response in nucleic acid therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : This manuscript investigated the safety aspects of various lipid modified low molecular weight polyethylenimine (LMW-PEI) polymers employed for pDNA delivery through in vitro studies. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from multiple sources, we show that the hemolysis ability was minimal for most polymers, although a particular lipid substituent (linoleic acid) at specific ratios exhibited hemolysis. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) were slightly upregulated only with a lauric acid substituted 0.6PEI, but remained low relative to positive control treatments. We further report the beneficial effect of polyacrylic acid additives on hemolysis and cytokine secretion to a reasonable extent. This study confirms the feasibility of using LMW-PEI as safe delivery agents for various therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samarwadee Plianwong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Remant Kc
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanne Ostergaard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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7
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Interaction Between Altered Gut Microbiota and Sepsis: A Hypothesis or an Authentic Fact? J Intensive Care Med 2022; 38:121-131. [DOI: 10.1177/08850666221102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, as an important public health concern, is one of the leading causes of death in hospitals around the world, accounting for 25% of all deaths. Nowadays, several factors contribute to the development of sepsis. The role of the gut microbiota and the response state of the aberrant immune system is dominant. The effect of the human microbiome on health is undeniable, and gut microbiota is even considered a body organ. It is now clear that the alteration in the normal balance of the microbiota (dysbiosis) is associated with a change in the status of immune system responses. Owing to the strong association between the gut microbiota and its metabolites particularly short-chain fatty acids with many illnesses, the gut microbiota has a unique position in the research of microbiologists and even clinicians. This review aimed to analyze studies’ results on the association between microbiota and sepsis, with a substantial understanding of their relationship. As a result, an extensive and comprehensive search was conducted on this issue in existing databases.
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Zhang H, Xu J, Wu Q, Fang H, Shao X, Ouyang X, He Z, Deng Y, Chen C. Gut Microbiota Mediates the Susceptibility of Mice to Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Butyric Acid. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2103-2119. [PMID: 35386224 PMCID: PMC8977350 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s350566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuroinflammation plays an important part in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Gut microbiota and gut brain axis are considered as important mediators in the development of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in sepsis-related brain injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Mouse model of SAE was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Based on the mouse mortality and the associated time of death, light SAE (LSAE) and severe SAE (SSAE) were classified. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to verify the role of intestinal microbiota. Feces of mice in the two groups which collected before operation were sequenced for 16S and targeted short chain fatty acids. Results Intestinal microbiota from SSAE and LSAE mice displayed diverse functions. Interestingly, LSAE mice produced more butyric acid compared with SSAE mice. In the in vivo experiments, sodium butyrate (NaB) reduced the high oxidative stress levels in mice hippocampus and conferred a marked survival superiority to sepsis mice. In addition, NaB prevented the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in LPS-stimulated primary microglia. The GPR109A/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was found to be involved in the activation of antioxidant response of primary microglia induced by sodium butyrate. Conclusion Our findings indicate a crucial role of gut microbiota in the susceptibility to SAE. Butyrate, a metabolite of intestinal microbiota, may have a neuroprotective effect in the process of sepsis by GPR109A/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrui Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Ouyang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimei He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yiyu Deng; Chunbo Chen, Tel +86-20-83827812 ext. 61526, Fax +86-20-83827712, Email ;
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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González-Bosch C, Boorman E, Zunszain PA, Mann GE. Short-chain fatty acids as modulators of redox signaling in health and disease. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102165. [PMID: 34662811 PMCID: PMC8577496 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by colonic bacteria and obtained from the diet, have been linked to beneficial effects on human health associated with their metabolic and signaling properties. Their physiological functions are related to their aliphatic tail length and dependent on the activation of specific membrane receptors. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying SCFAs mediated protection against oxidative and mitochondrial stress and their role in regulating metabolic pathways in specific tissues. We critically evaluate the evidence for their cytoprotective roles in suppressing inflammation and carcinogenesis and the consequences of aging. The ability of these natural compounds to induce signaling pathways, involving nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), contributes to the maintenance of redox homeostasis under physiological conditions. SCFAs may thus serve as nutritional and therapeutic agents in healthy aging and in vascular and other diseases such as diabetes, neuropathologies and cancer. SCFAs are a link between the microbiota, redox signaling and host metabolism. SCFAs modulate Nrf2 redox signaling through specific free fatty acid receptors. Butyrate induces epigenetic regulation and/or Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Butyrate and propionate protect the blood-brain barrier by facilitating docosahexaenoic acid transport. Regulation of redox homeostasis by SCFAs supports their potential as therapeutic nutrients in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Bosch
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA/CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emily Boorman
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Psychosocial stress and cortisol stress reactivity predict breast milk composition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11576. [PMID: 34078999 PMCID: PMC8172899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a sample of 146 Polish, exclusively breastfeeding mothers and their healthy born on time infants to explore the effect of perinatal psychosocial stress on breast milk composition. Maternal perinatal stress was assessed using Recent Life Changes Questionnaire summarizing stressful events from the previous six months. Stress reactivity was determined by administering the cold pressor test and measuring cortisol in saliva samples taken during the test. Breast milk sample was taken to measure energy, protein, fat, lactose, and fatty acid content. Analyses revealed that stress reactivity was positively associated with milk fat and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and negatively associated with milk lactose. Perinatal psychosocial stress negatively affected energy density, fat as well as medium-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acids in milk. These results, together with previous studies, advocate monitoring maternal psychological status during the peripartum to promote breastfeeding and healthy infant nutrition.
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11
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Koçancı FG. Role of Fatty Acid Chemical Structures on Underlying Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gut Microbiota. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gonca Koçancı
- Vocational High School of Health Services Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya/Antalya 07425 Turkey
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12
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Decreased Intestinal Microbiome Diversity in Pediatric Sepsis: A Conceptual Framework for Intestinal Dysbiosis to Influence Immunometabolic Function. Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0360. [PMID: 33786436 PMCID: PMC7994045 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The intestinal microbiome can modulate immune function through production of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids. We explored whether intestinal dysbiosis in children with sepsis leads to changes in microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids in plasma and stool that are associated with immunometabolic dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Design: Prospective observational pilot study. Setting: Single academic PICU. Patients: Forty-three children with sepsis/septic shock and 44 healthy controls. Measurements and Main Results: Stool and plasma samples were serially collected for sepsis patients; stool was collected once for controls. The intestinal microbiome was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and alpha- and beta-diversity were determined. We measured short-chain fatty acids using liquid chromatography, peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry, and immune function using ex vivo lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood tumor necrosis factor-α. Sepsis patients exhibited reduced microbial diversity compared with healthy controls, with lower alpha- and beta-diversity. Reduced microbial diversity among sepsis patients (mainly from lower abundance of commensal obligate anaerobes) was associated with increased acetic and propionic acid and decreased butyric, isobutyric, and caproic acid. Decreased levels of plasma butyric acid were further associated with lower peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial respiration, which in turn, was associated with lower lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α. However, neither intestinal dysbiosis nor specific patterns of short-chain fatty acids were associated with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis was associated with altered short-chain fatty acid metabolites in children with sepsis, but these findings were not linked directly to mitochondrial or immunologic changes. More detailed mechanistic studies are needed to test the role of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids in the progression of sepsis.
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13
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Wang S, Xiao C, Liu C, Li J, Fang F, Lu X, Zhang C, Xu F. Identification of Biomarkers of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients Based on UPLC-QTOF/MS. Inflammation 2021; 43:629-640. [PMID: 31828589 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis or septic shock is often accompanied by organ dysfunction, among which acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most frequent event that appears early during sepsis. To harness urinary metabolic profiling to discover potential biomarkers of septic acute kidney injury in pediatric patients at intensive care units, we collected urine samples from 27 septic children with AKI and 30 septic children without AKI. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) for profiling and multiple regression analysis to explore the potential biomarkers of sepsis with AKI. We identified a clear distinction in the UPLC-QTOF/MS results for septic children with and without AKI after the development of sepsis, specifically 18 and 17 metabolites with different levels at 12 and 24 h, respectively. Metabolic pathways associated with septic AKI included lipid metabolism, particularly processes involving glycerophospholipid metabolism. L-Histidine, DL-indole-3-lactic acid, trimethylamine N-oxide, and caprylic acid were uncovered as potential biomarkers of septic AKI at 12 h, while gentisaldehyde, 3-ureidopropionate, N4-acetylcytidine, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate were identified as potential candidates at 24 h. We further found that combinations of metabolites were more effective diagnostic marker compared with individual metabolites, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.905 and 0.97 at 12 and 24 h, respectively. Our results indicated that metabolomic analysis could be a promising approach for identifying diagnostic biomarkers of pediatric septic AKI and helped elucidate the pathological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Changxue Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), 136 Second Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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14
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Abstract
The incidence of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing, it has become a major threat to human health because of its acute onset, poor prognosis, and high hospital costs. The most common cause of AKI in critical-care units is sepsis. Septic AKI is a complex and multi-factorial process; its pathogenesis is not fully understood. In sepsis, the destruction of mucosal barriers, intestinal flora disorders, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, use of antibiotics, and lack of intestinal nutrients lead to an inflammatory reactions that in turn affects the metabolism and immunity of the host. Such changes further influence the occurrence and development of AKI. New technology is enabling various detection methods for intestinal flora. Clinical application of these methods in septic renal injury is expected to clarify the relationship among pathogenesis, disease progression mechanism, and intestinal flora.
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15
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Current Evidence on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ADHD Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010249. [PMID: 33467150 PMCID: PMC7830868 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between the gut microbiome (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS), or so-called the microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA), is involved in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases in children and adults. In pediatric age, most studies have focused on patients with autism. However, evidence of the role played by the MGBA in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, is still scanty and heterogeneous. This review aims to provide the current evidence on the functioning of the MGBA in pediatric patients with ADHD and the specific role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in this interaction, as well as the potential of the GM as a therapeutic target for ADHD. We will explore: (1) the diverse communication pathways between the GM and the CNS; (2) changes in the GM composition in children and adolescents with ADHD and association with ADHD pathophysiology; (3) influence of the GM on the ω-3 PUFA imbalance characteristically found in ADHD; (4) interaction between the GM and circadian rhythm regulation, as sleep disorders are frequently comorbid with ADHD; (5) finally, we will evaluate the most recent studies on the use of probiotics in pediatric patients with ADHD.
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16
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Hecker M, Sommer N, Mayer K. Assessment of Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Mitochondrial Function in Severe Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:125-132. [PMID: 34080148 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of septic disorders, leading to a decline in energy supply. The influence of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA/MCFA) on mitochondrial respiration under inflammatory conditions has thus far not been investigated. In the following protocol we describe the assessment of mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry under inflammatory and baseline conditions. For this approach, human endothelial cells and monocytes were pretreated with TNF-α to mimic inflammation followed by incubation with SCFA/MCFA and then subjected to high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial DNA content was assessed by PCR .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hecker
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig- University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Natascha Sommer
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig- University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig- University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Altinoz MA, Ozpinar A, Seyfried TN. Caprylic (Octanoic) Acid as a Potential Fatty Acid Chemotherapeutic for Glioblastoma. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102142. [PMID: 32512365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High grade glial tumors (HGGs) including anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO Grade-III) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO Grade-IV) are among the most malignant cancers known to man. Due to their defective mitochondria, HGG cells consume glucose via glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Overall survival is worse in HGG patients that are hyperglycemic. Unlike normal neural cells, HGG cells cannot efficiently metabolize ketone bodies for energy. Thus, a metabolic treatment based on therapeutic ketosis (reduced glucose with elevated ketone bodies) was proposed to treat GBM and was supoported from preclinical studies. Caprylic (octanoic) acid, a monocarboxylated saturated fatty acid, is among the best producers of ketone bodies and induces necrosis of experimental tumors at high dose. Caprylic acid is enriched in coconut and in goat's milk. It is also a posttranslational modifier of the ghrelin hormone and is produced in trace amounts in human tissues. Caprylic acid is a straight-chain isomer of the antiepileptic valproic acid, which is used in treatment of HGG-associated seizures and which may increase survival in GBM patients according to epidemiological observations. Among the valproic acids analogs tested, caprylic acid is the most potent molecule to block C6 astrocytoma cell growth in vitro and accumulates selectively within glial cells as shown by Positron Emission Tomography in vivo. Caprylic acid blocks glycolysis both in healthy liver and in malignant liver cells, which is more prominent in the latter and also lowers blood glucose. Noteworthy, caprylic acid exerts neuroprotective- and mitochondria-protective effects in several models of neurodegenerative diseases. Boost injections of caprylic acid at non-toxic levels during classical ketogenic metabolic therapy may fortify antitumor actions and reduce systemic toxicity by differential programming of mitochondrial and other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Holland.
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Ghosh S, He W, Gao J, Luo D, Wang J, Chen J, Huang H. Whole milk consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary artery calcification progression: evidences from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1049-1058. [PMID: 32583016 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. However, the association between whole milk and CAC progression remains unknown. Recent studies highlighted beneficial effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from whole milk on CVD. In this study, we attempted to investigate the relationship between whole milk consumption and CAC progression, and the potential effect of SCFA in it. METHODS We analyzed a population-based cohort with 5273 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who completed a dietary questionnaire at baseline. CAC was measured at baseline and subsequent follow-up examinations by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans with Agatston scores. CAC progression was defined as increased CAC scores in the follow-up from the baseline exam. RESULTS Participants consuming whole milk exhibited lower baseline CAC and CAC progression than those who never/rarely consumed whole milk (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Moreover, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that whole milk intake was independently associated with lower CAC progression (OR 0.765; 95% CI 0.600-0.977; P = 0.032), especially in males, participants with age ≤ 64 years and with body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m2. Mediation analysis further showed that caproic acid, one kind of SCFA, partly mediated protective effects of whole milk on CAC progression. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported whole milk consumption was inversely associated with CAC progression in community-dwelling participants, especially in those at relatively low cardiovascular risks. The beneficial effect was partially mediated by SCFA. Therefore, whole milk can be incorporated into part of a cardio-protective diet. Regarding this, future studies may target SCFA to provide insight into more mechanistic views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Ghosh
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanbing He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingwei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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19
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Yang LL, Millischer V, Rodin S, MacFabe DF, Villaescusa JC, Lavebratt C. Enteric short-chain fatty acids promote proliferation of human neural progenitor cells. J Neurochem 2019; 154:635-646. [PMID: 31784978 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a group of fatty acids predominantly produced during the fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut anaerobic microbiota. SCFAs affect many host processes in health and disease. SCFAs play an important role in the 'gut-brain axis', regulating central nervous system processes, for example, cell-cell interaction, neurotransmitter synthesis and release, microglia activation, mitochondrial function, and gene expression. SCFAs also promote the growth of neurospheres from human neural stem cells and the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells. It is plausible that maternally derived SCFAs may pass the placenta and expose the fetus at key developmental periods. However, it is unclear how SCFA exposure at physiological levels influence the early-stage neural cells. In this study, we explored the effect of SCFAs on the growth rate of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), generated from human embryonic stem cell line (HS980), with IncuCyte live-cell analysis system and immunofluorescence. We found that physiologically relevant levels (µM) of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) increased the growth rate of hNPCs significantly and induced more cells to undergo mitosis, while high levels (mM) of SCFAs had toxic effects on hNPCs. Moreover, no effect on apoptosis was observed in physiological-dose SCFA treatments. In support, data from q-RT PCR showed that SCFA treatments influenced the expression of the neurogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis-related genes ATR, BCL2, BID, CASP8, CDK2, E2F1, FAS, NDN, and VEGFA. To conclude, our results propose that SCFAs regulates early neural system development. This might be relevant for a putative 'maternal gut-fetal brain-axis'. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu L Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Derrick F MacFabe
- The Kilee Patchell-Evans Autism Research Group, London, Canada.,Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Juan C Villaescusa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Halczy-Kowalik L, Drozd A, Stachowska E, Drozd R, Żabski T, Domagała W. Fatty acids distribution and content in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its adjacent microenvironment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218246. [PMID: 31242216 PMCID: PMC6594603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity mucosa grows under conditions of poor oxygenation and nutrient scarcity. Reprogramming of lipid biosynthesis accompanies tumor growth, but the conditions under which it occurs are not fully understood. The fatty acid content of the serum, tumor tissue and adjacent tumor microenvironment was measured by gas chromatography in 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma grade 1-3. Twenty-five fatty acids were identified; their frequencies and percentages in each of the environments were assessed. Nineteen of the twenty-five fatty acids were found in tumor tissue, tumor adjacent tissue and blood serum. Of them, 8 were found in all thirty patients. Percentages of C16:0 and C18:1n9 were highest in the tumor, C18:1n9 and C16:0 were highest in tumor adjacent tissue, and C16:0 and C18:0 were highest in blood serum. The frequencies and amounts of C22:1n13, C22:4n6, C22:5n3 and C24:1 in tumor adjacent tissues were higher than those in blood serum, independent of the tumor grade. The correlations between the amount of fatty acid and tumor grade were the strongest in tumor adjacent tissues. The correlations between particular fatty acids were most prevalent for grade 1+2 tumors and were strongest for grade 3 tumors. In the adjacent tumor microenvironment, lipogenesis was controlled by C22:6w3. In blood serum, C18:1trans11 limited the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. Our research reveals intensive lipid changes in oral cavity SCC adjacent to the tumor microenvironment and blood serum of the patients. Increase in percentage of some of the FAs in the path: blood serum-tumor adjacent microenvironment-tumor, and it is dependent on tumor grade. This dependency is the most visible in the tumor adjacent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmiła Halczy-Kowalik
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Radosław Drozd
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Żabski
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wenancjusz Domagała
- Department of Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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21
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Ma Y, Ding S, Liu G, Fang J, Yan W, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA, Esmail GA, Jiang H. Egg Protein Transferrin-Derived Peptides IRW and IQW Regulate Citrobacter rodentium-Induced, Inflammation-Related Microbial and Metabolomic Profiles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:643. [PMID: 31001226 PMCID: PMC6456682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides that target the gastrointestinal tract can strongly affect the health of animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the abilities of two peptides derived from egg albumin transferrin, IRW and IQW, to treat enteritis in a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis by evaluating serum metabolomics and gut microbes. Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned to six groups: basal diet (CTRL), intragastric administration Citrobacter rodentium (CR), basal diet with 0.03%IRW (IRW), CR with 0.03% IRW (IRW+CR), basal diet with 0.03%IQW (IQW) and CR with 0.03% IQW (IQW+CR). CR administration began on day 10 and continued for 7 days. After 14 days of IRW and IQW treatment, serum was collected and subjected to a metabolomics analysis. The length and weight of each colon were measured, and the colon contents were collected for 16srRNA sequencing. The colons were significantly longer in the CR group, compared to the CTRL group. A serum metabolomics analysis revealed no significant difference in microbial diversity between the six groups. Compared with the CTRL group, the proportions of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria species decreased significantly and the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria species increased in the CR group. There were no significant differences between the CTRL and other groups. The serum metabolomics analysis revealed that Infected by CR increased the levels of oxalic acid, homogentisic acid and prostaglandin but decreased the levels of L-glutamine, L-acetyl carnitine, 1-methylhistidine and gentisic acid. Therefore, treatment with IRW and IQW was shown to regulate the intestinal microorganisms associated with colonic inflammation and serum metabolite levels, thus improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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22
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Mayer K, Sommer N, Hache K, Hecker A, Reiche S, Schneck E, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Hecker M. Resolvin E1 Improves Mitochondrial Function in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells during Severe Inflammation. Lipids 2019; 54:53-65. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Mayer
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Karl Hache
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Andreas Hecker
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery; University Hospital of Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7; 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Sylvia Reiche
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Emmanuel Schneck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; University Hospital of Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7; 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Ludwigstr. 43; 61231 Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Medical Clinic II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC); Justus-Liebig-University; Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen Germany
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Hecker M, Sommer N, Foch S, Hecker A, Hackstein H, Witzenrath M, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Mayer K. Resolvin E1 and its precursor 18R-HEPE restore mitochondrial function in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1016-1028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Peñalver P, Belmonte-Reche E, Adán N, Caro M, Mateos-Martín ML, Delgado M, González-Rey E, Morales JC. Alkylated resveratrol prodrugs and metabolites as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:123-138. [PMID: 29407944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene which has shown promising results as treatment for several neurodegenerative diseases. However, its application is limited due to its low efficacy and bioavailability. Here, we have designed and synthesized alkylated resveratrol prodrugs combining structural modification to improve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the preparation of prodrugs to extend drug bioavailability. For comparison we also studied resveratrol prodrugs and alkylated resveratrol derivatives. Methylated and butylated resveratrol derivatives showed the best in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. The glucosyl- and glucosyl-acyl- prodrugs of these derivatives showed lower toxicity on zebra fish embryo. When neuroprotection was examined on pentylenetetrazole challenged zebra fish, they were capable of reverting neuronal damage but to a lower extent than resveratrol. Nevertheless, 3-O-(6'-O-octanoyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside resveratrol (compound 8) recovered AChE activity over 100% whereas resveratrol only up to 92%. In a 3-nitropropionic acid mice model of Huntington's disease, resveratrol derivative 8 delayed the onset and reduced the severity of HD-like symptoms, by improving locomotor activity and protecting against weight loss. Its effects involved an equal antioxidant but better anti-inflammatory profile than resveratrol as shown by SOD2 expression in brain tissue and circulating levels of IL-6 (11 vs 18 pg/mL), respectively. Finally, the octanoyl chain in compound 8 could be playing a role in inflammation and neuronal development indicating it could be acting as a double-drug, instead of as a prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Peñalver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Efres Belmonte-Reche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Norma Adán
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - María Luisa Mateos-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Finsterer J, Frank M. Management of statin myopathy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:512-513. [PMID: 28466578 PMCID: PMC5476849 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlies Frank
- First Medical Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
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Kadochi Y, Mori S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Luo Y, Nishiguchi Y, Kishi S, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Kuniyasu H. Remodeling of energy metabolism by a ketone body and medium-chain fatty acid suppressed the proliferation of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:673-680. [PMID: 28693220 PMCID: PMC5494726 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and cancerous cells are suggested to have differential utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies, which could be exploited in cancer therapy. The present study examined the effect of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA), which is a ketone body generating acetyl-CoA, and lauric acid (LAA, C12:0), which is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid translocated to mitochondria in a carnitine-independent manner to produce acetyl-CoA, on the energy metabolism of mouse CT26 colon cancer cells. In CT26 cells expressing 3-HBA and LAA transporters, 3-HBA and LAA reduced cell proliferation, mitochondrial volume and lactate production, and increased oxidative stress, particularly in low-glucose conditions. Concurrent treatment with 3-HBA and LAA under glucose starvation had a synergistic effect on cell growth inhibition. In addition, LAA and LAA + 3-HBA promoted an imbalance in the expression of enzymes in the electron transport chain. These findings suggested that treatment with 3-HBA and/or LAA during glucose starvation may reprogram energy metabolism and decrease the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kadochi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Orikiiriza J, Surowiec I, Lindquist E, Bonde M, Magambo J, Muhinda C, Bergström S, Trygg J, Normark J. Lipid response patterns in acute phase paediatric Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Metabolomics 2017; 13:41. [PMID: 28286460 PMCID: PMC5323494 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have observed serum lipid changes during malaria infection in humans. All of them were focused at analysis of lipoproteins, not specific lipid molecules. The aim of our study was to identify novel patterns of lipid species in malaria infected patients using lipidomics profiling, to enhance diagnosis of malaria and to evaluate biochemical pathways activated during parasite infection. METHODS Using a multivariate characterization approach, 60 samples were representatively selected, 20 from each category (mild, severe and controls) of the 690 study participants between age of 0.5-6 years. Lipids from patient's plasma were extracted with chloroform/methanol mixture and subjected to lipid profiling with application of the LCMS-QTOF method. RESULTS We observed a structured plasma lipid response among the malaria-infected patients as compared to healthy controls, demonstrated by higher levels of a majority of plasma lipids with the exception of even-chain length lysophosphatidylcholines and triglycerides with lower mass and higher saturation of the fatty acid chains. An inverse lipid profile relationship was observed when plasma lipids were correlated to parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how mapping the full physiological lipid response in plasma from malaria-infected individuals can be used to understand biochemical processes during infection. It also gives insights to how the levels of these molecules relate to acute immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Orikiiriza
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, 8 Ireland
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Izabella Surowiec
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mari Bonde
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Magambo
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Charles Muhinda
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Immmunology and Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sven Bergström
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Lin Z, Liu X, Sun L, Li J, Hu Z, Xie H, Zu X, Deng X, Zhang W. Comparison of sepsis rats induced by caecal ligation puncture or Staphylococcus aureus using a LC-QTOF-MS metabolomics approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:86-93. [PMID: 27174089 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a whole-body inflammatory response to infection with high mortality and is treated in intensive care units (ICUs). In the present study, to identify metabolic biomarkers that can differentiate sepsis models induced by caecal ligation puncture (CLP) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), small molecular metabolites in the serum were measured by liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and analysed using the multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) of partial least square-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) method. The results demonstrated that the body showed obvious metabolic disorders in the sepsis groups compared with the control group. A total of 8 potential biomarkers were identified in the CLP group, and 10 potential biomarkers were identified in the S. aureus group. These potential biomarkers primarily reflected an energy metabolism disorder, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and tissue damage, which occur during sepsis, and these markers might potentially be used to differentiate CLP from Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenglin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haisheng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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29
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Schönfeld P, Wojtczak L. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids in energy metabolism: the cellular perspective. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:943-54. [PMID: 27080715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r067629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs), independently of their cellular signaling functions, are important substrates of the energy metabolism and anabolic processes in mammals. SCFAs are mostly generated by colonic bacteria and are predominantly metabolized by enterocytes and liver, whereas MCFAs arise mostly from dietary triglycerides, among them milk and dairy products. A common feature of SCFAs and MCFAs is their carnitine-independent uptake and intramitochondrial activation to acyl-CoA thioesters. Contrary to long-chain fatty acids, the cellular metabolism of SCFAs and MCFAs depends to a lesser extent on fatty acid-binding proteins. SCFAs and MCFAs modulate tissue metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, as manifested by a mostly inhibitory effect on glycolysis and stimulation of lipogenesis or gluconeogenesis. SCFAs and MCFAs exert no or only weak protonophoric and lytic activities in mitochondria and do not significantly impair the electron transport in the respiratory chain. SCFAs and MCFAs modulate mitochondrial energy production by two mechanisms: they provide reducing equivalents to the respiratory chain and partly decrease efficacy of oxidative ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schönfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lech Wojtczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Park J, Goergen CJ, HogenEsch H, Kim CH. Chronically Elevated Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce T Cell-Mediated Ureteritis and Hydronephrosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2388-400. [PMID: 26819206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major products of gut microbial fermentation and profoundly affect host health and disease. SCFAs generate IL-10(+) regulatory T cells, which may promote immune tolerance. However, SCFAs can also induce Th1 and Th17 cells upon immunological challenges and, therefore, also have the potential to induce inflammatory responses. Because of the seemingly paradoxical SCFA activities in regulating T cells, we investigated, in depth, the impact of elevated SCFA levels on T cells and tissue inflammation in mice. Orally administered SCFAs induced effector (Th1 and Th17) and regulatory T cells in ureter and kidney tissues, and they induced T cell-mediated ureteritis, leading to kidney hydronephrosis (hereafter called acetate-induced renal disease, or C2RD). Kidney hydronephrosis in C2RD was caused by ureteral obstruction, which was, in turn, induced by SCFA-induced inflammation in the ureteropelvic junction and proximal ureter. Oral administration of all major SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, induced the disease. We found that C2RD development is dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin activation, T cell-derived inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17, and gut microbiota. Young or male animals were more susceptible than old or female animals, respectively. However, SCFA receptor (GPR41 or GPR43) deficiency did not affect C2RD development. Thus, SCFAs, when systemically administered at levels higher than physiological levels, cause dysregulated T cell responses and tissue inflammation in the renal system. The results provide insights into the immunological and pathological effects of chronically elevated SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Park
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Chang H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Xu X, Shi Z, Hu J, Yuan B, Huang H, Fang H, Yin X, Nie N, Sheng X. Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with burn sepsis using microarray. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1623-9. [PMID: 26498776 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the potential target biomarkers associated with burn sepsis using microarray. GSE1781 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and included a collective of three biological replicates for each of the three conditions: Sham‑Sham, Sham‑cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and Burn‑CLP. Subsequently, limma was applied to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Additionally, functional annotations were predicted by pathway enrichment. Furthermore, the transcription factors were screened according to the transcriptional regulation from patterns to profiles database. Furthermore, the interaction associations of the proteins were obtained from the STRING database and the protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, the gene co‑expression analysis was conducted using CoExpress. In total, compared with Sham‑Sham, a total of 476 DEGs and 682 DEGs were obtained in Sham‑CLP and Burn‑CLP, respectively. Additionally, 230 DEGs were screened in Burn‑CLP compared with Sham‑CLP. Acadm, Ehhadh and Angptl4 were significantly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. Additionally, Gsta3, Gstm2 and Gstt1 in Burn‑CLP were significantly enriched in glutathione metabolism. In the PPI network, the transcription factor Ppargc1a interacted with Angptl4, while Acadm interacted with Ehhadh. The gene co‑expression analysis showed that Ehhadh could be co‑expressed with Aqp8. In conclusion, Acadm, Ehhadh, Aqp8, Gsta3, Gstm2, Gstt1, Ppargc1a and Angptl4 may be potential target genes for the treatment of burn sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Infection Management, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaorong Shi
- Department of Medical Administration, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Medical Administration, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Medical Administration, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Infection Management, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Fang
- Department of Infection Management, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyi Yin
- Department of Infection Management, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Niuyan Nie
- Department of Infection Management, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Sheng
- Department of Infection Management, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Olthof ED, Gülich AF, Renne MF, Landman S, Joosten LAB, Roelofs HMJ, Wanten GJA. Immune activation by medium-chain triglyceride-containing lipid emulsions is not modulated by n-3 lipids or toll-like receptor 4. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1851-8. [PMID: 26162596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) as part of the parenteral lipid regimen (50% MCT and 50% long chain triglycerides (LCT)) activate the immune system in vitro. Fish oil (FO)-derived n-3 fatty acids (FA) inhibit saturated FA-induced immune activation via a toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mediated mechanism. We hypothesized that effects of parenteral MCTs on immune cells involve TLR-4 signaling and that these effects are modulated by n-3 FA that are present in FO. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this hypothesis we assessed effects of addition of various commercially available mixed parenteral lipid emulsions, n-3 FA and of TLR-4 inhibition on MCT-induced human immune cell activation by evaluation of the expression of leukocyte membrane activation markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RESULTS All MCT-containing lipid emulsions activated leukocytes by inducing changes in expression of membrane markers and stimulus induced ROS production, whereas MCT-free lipid emulsions lacked this effect. Moreover, addition of n-3 FA to LCT/MCT did not prevent MCT-induced immune activation. TLR-4 inhibitors did not distinctly modulate MCT-induced changes in immune function. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that leukocyte activation by parenteral MCTs does not involve TLR-4 signaling and is not modulated by n-3 FA in FO-, but is exerted via different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn D Olthof
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandra F Gülich
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mike F Renne
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sija Landman
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine - Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hennie M J Roelofs
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert J A Wanten
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hafizi Abu Bakar M, Kian Kai C, Wan Hassan WN, Sarmidi MR, Yaakob H, Zaman Huri H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:453-75. [PMID: 25139820 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the progression of this metabolic disease. There have been a steady accumulation of data in numerous experimental studies showing the strong correlations between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that the raised plasma free fatty acid level induced insulin resistance with the significant alteration of oxidative metabolism in various target tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. In this review, we herein propose the idea of long chain fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions as one of the key events in the pathophysiological development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipotoxicity, inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of mitochondrial gene subset expressions are the most detrimental that lead to the developments of aberrant intracellular insulin signalling activity in a number of peripheral tissues, thereby leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Najihah Wan Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hecker M, Sommer N, Mayer K. Assessment of short- and medium-chain fatty acids on mitochondrial function in severe inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1265:389-396. [PMID: 25634290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2288-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as one key factor involved in the pathogenesis of septic disorders, leading to a decline in energy supply. The influence of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA/MCFA) on mitochondrial respiration under inflammatory conditions has thus far not been investigated. In the following protocol, we describe the assessment of mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry under inflammatory and baseline conditions. For this approach, human endothelial cells and monocytes were pretreated with TNF-α to mimic inflammation followed by incubation with SCFA/MCFA and then subjected to high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial DNA content was assessed by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hecker
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany,
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