1
|
Borah P. Credibility Perceptions of Information and Vaccine Intention: The Role of Collective Vs. Individual Framing Messages. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39092464 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2386718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
After four years into the pandemic, we know that COVID-19 vaccines are effective, and it is crucial to increase public compliance with getting the COVID-19 vaccines. The current study examines the interplay of credibility perceptions, perceived benefits, and two different types of vaccine promotion messages: individual versus collective. Data was collected using an online randomized experiment. Findings demonstrated that individual versus collective frames did not influence everyone similarly. The results show a significantly moderated mediation model, such that the association between message frame and vaccine intention was mediated by the credibility of the message, and the relationship between message frame and perceived credibility was moderated by perceived benefits of the vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Porismita Borah
- GTZN 224, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi W, Stvilia B, Lee HS. Developing a platform-specific framework for web credibility assessment: A case of social Q&A sites. Inf Process Manag 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
3
|
Jin X, Lane D. To know or not to know? Exploring COVID-19 information seeking with the risk information seeking and processing model. J Inf Sci 2022. [PMCID: PMC9494164 DOI: 10.1177/01655515221125325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce uncertainty, the public needs
accurate and timely information. Inspired by the risk information seeking and
processing (RISP) model, this article discovers the significant predictors of
individuals’ COVID-19 information-seeking intention and behaviour. Overall, 394
adult participants from 47 states completed this study’s online survey. The
hierarchical regression analysis reveals that risk experience and informational
subjective norms are the most substantial predictors of individuals’ online
information-seeking behaviour about COVID-19. Information insufficiency did not
predict information seeking, and participants tend to overestimate their
knowledge about COVID-19. RISP variables tend to share power in explaining the
variances of information-seeking behaviour. Moreover, both channel beliefs and
perceived information gathering capacity moderate information insufficiency’s
prediction of information-seeking intention. These findings will assist
researchers in discovering the fundamental motivation of information seeking.
This article can guide pragmatic interventions to reduce the public’s
uncertainty and mitigate the risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Jin
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Letters, The University of Toledo, USA
| | - Derek Lane
- College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hicks A, Lloyd A. Agency and liminality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Why information literacy cannot fix vaccine hesitancy. J Inf Sci 2022. [PMCID: PMC9483135 DOI: 10.1177/01655515221124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article employs a sociological and dialogical information perspective to
identify what shape information literacy practice takes for people who are
hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine. An information perspective places
information and people’s relations with information at the centre of the
inquiry. The study carried out 14 semi-structured interviews with UK adults who
had not yet received or taken up their invitation to have the COVID-19 vaccine.
Outcomes of this study suggest that information literacy practices related to
vaccine hesitancy emerged through the liminal space and in relation to agentic
performance, which was catalysed through engagement with experiential, corporeal
and social information. This study has implications for the teaching of
information literacy, in particular, the idea that being informed is an
affirmative action that will automatically empower learners to make appropriate
choices.
Collapse
|
5
|
Savolainen R. Defending and refuting information sources rhetorically: The case of COVID-19 vaccination. JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIP AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09610006221111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This investigation compares how COVID-19 vaccination supporters and refusers make use of rhetorical strategies to judge the credibility of information sources in online discussion. To this end, the Aristotelian tripartite approach to rhetoric, that is, ethos, pathos and logos was utilized. The empirical findings draw on the analysis of 2257 posts submitted to Suomi24—a Finnish online discussion in May—October 2021. The findings indicate that both vaccine supporters and vaccine refusers mainly drew on the pathos- and ethos-related rhetorical strategies such as appeal to blameworthiness and ad hominem arguments while judging the credibility of information sources. Coronavirus vaccination appeared to be a highly contested topic giving rise to polarized debates, deep mistrust and mutual accusations between opposing parties. The rhetorical strategies were used to attack opponents’ views on the credibility of information sources, rather than making attempts to create mutual understanding of their value for arguments used in online discussion.
Collapse
|
6
|
Skafle I, Nordahl-Hansen A, Quintana DS, Wynn R, Gabarron E. Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37367. [PMID: 35816685 PMCID: PMC9359307 DOI: 10.2196/37367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of COVID-19 vaccines has been crucial in fighting the pandemic. However, misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines is spread on social media platforms at a rate that has made the World Health Organization coin the phrase infodemic. False claims about adverse vaccine side effects, such as vaccines being the cause of autism, were already considered a threat to global health before the outbreak of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize the existing research on misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines spread on social media platforms and its effects. The secondary aim was to gain insight and gather knowledge about whether misinformation about autism and COVID-19 vaccines is being spread on social media platforms. METHODS We performed a literature search on September 9, 2021, and searched PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register. We included publications in peer-reviewed journals that fulfilled the following criteria: original empirical studies, studies that assessed social media and misinformation, and studies about COVID-19 vaccines. Thematic analysis was used to identify the patterns (themes) of misinformation. Narrative qualitative synthesis was undertaken with the guidance of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 Statement and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis reporting guideline. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Ratings of the certainty of evidence were based on recommendations from the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group. RESULTS The search yielded 757 records, with 45 articles selected for this review. We identified 3 main themes of misinformation: medical misinformation, vaccine development, and conspiracies. Twitter was the most studied social media platform, followed by Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. A vast majority of studies were from industrialized Western countries. We identified 19 studies in which the effect of social media misinformation on vaccine hesitancy was measured or discussed. These studies implied that the misinformation spread on social media had a negative effect on vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Only 1 study contained misinformation about autism as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccines. CONCLUSIONS To prevent these misconceptions from taking hold, health authorities should openly address and discuss these false claims with both cultural and religious awareness in mind. Our review showed that there is a need to examine the effect of social media misinformation on vaccine hesitancy with a more robust experimental design. Furthermore, this review also demonstrated that more studies are needed from the Global South and on social media platforms other than the major platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021277524; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021277524. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.31219/osf.io/tyevj.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingjerd Skafle
- Faculty of Health, Welfare, and Organisation, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Nordahl-Hansen
- Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NevSom, Department of Rare Disorders & Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Use, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elia Gabarron
- Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for E-health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balakrishnan V, Ng WZ, Soo MC, Han GJ, Lee CJ. Infodemic and fake news - A comprehensive overview of its global magnitude during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021: A scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 78:103144. [PMID: 35791376 PMCID: PMC9247231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The spread of fake news increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. This study aims to synthesize the extant literature to understand the magnitude of this phenomenon in the wake of the pandemic in 2021, focusing on the motives and sociodemographic profiles, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tools developed, and the top trending topics related to fake news. A scoping review was adopted targeting articles published in five academic databases (January 2021-November 2021), resulting in 97 papers. Most of the studies were empirical in nature (N = 69) targeting the general population (N = 26) and social media users (N = 13), followed by AI-based detection tools (N = 27). Top motives for fake news sharing include low awareness, knowledge, and health/media literacy, Entertainment/Pass Time/Socialization, Altruism, and low trust in government/news media, whilst the phenomenon was more prominent among those with low education, males and younger. Machine and deep learning emerged to be the widely explored techniques in detecting fake news, whereas top topics were related to vaccine, virus, cures/remedies, treatment, and prevention. Immediate intervention and prevention efforts are needed to curb this anti-social behavior considering the world is still struggling to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Zhen Ng
- Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Chong Soo
- Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gan Joo Han
- Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Jiat Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Navarro-Jiménez E, Simón-Sanjurjo JA, Beltran-Velasco AI, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Benitez-Agudelo JC, Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Mis-Dis Information in COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5321. [PMID: 35564714 PMCID: PMC9101334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this narrative review, we address the COVID-19 pandemic mis-dis information crisis in which healthcare systems have been pushed to their limits, with collapses occurring worldwide. The context of uncertainty has resulted in skepticism, confusion, and general malaise among the population. Informing the public has been one of the major challenges during this pandemic. Misinformation is defined as false information shared by people who have no intention of misleading others. Disinformation is defined as false information deliberately created and disseminated with malicious intentions. OBJECTIVE To reach a consensus and critical review about mis-dis information in COVID-19 crisis. METHODS A database search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase and CinAhl. Databases used the MeSH-compliant keywords of COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2, misinformation, disinformation, information, vaccines, vaccination, origin, target, spread, communication. RESULTS Both misinformation and disinformation can affect the population's confidence in vaccines (development, safety, and efficacy of vaccines, as well as denial of the severity of SARS-CoV infection). Institutions should take into account that a great part of the success of the intervention to combat a pandemic has a relationship with the power to stop the misinformation and disinformation processes. The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced by the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working or not working in the health care systems to boost the power of the message. CONCLUSIONS The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and clearly centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced from the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working and not working in the health care systems to boost the power of a message based on scientific evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.A.S.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigacion en Microbiologia y Biotecnologia (IMB), Universidad Libre, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Juan Antonio Simón-Sanjurjo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.A.S.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | | | | | - Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.A.S.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.A.S.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|