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Cholich L, Pistán M, Torres A, Hernández D, Moro R, Gómez T, Gardner D, Bustillo S. Ipomoea carnea alkaloid extract vs swainsonine: A comparative study on cytotoxic activity against glial cells. Toxicon 2023; 235:107325. [PMID: 37838004 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of Ipomoea carnea produces a neurological syndrome in animals. The toxic principles of I. carnea are the alkaloids swainsonine (SW) and calystegines B1, B2, B3 and C1. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of an alkaloid extract of Ipomoea carnea (AEE) and natural swainsonine (SW) isolated from Astragalus lentiginosus (25-1000 μM of SW) for 48 h in a glioma cell line. Although the natural SW did not induce any changes in cell viability, the AEE exhibited a dose dependent cytotoxic effect and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicative of cytolysis. In order to evaluate the morphological changes involved, cells were examined using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining. The AEE caused a cell death compatible with necrosis, whereas exposure to 1000 μM of SW resulted in cytoplasmic vacuolation. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that astrocytes treated with 150 μM of AEE from I. carnea or 1000 μM of SW exhibited morphological characteristics of cell activation. These findings suggest that swainsonine would not be the only component present in the AEE of I. carnea responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity. Calystegines might also play a role in acting synergistically and triggering cell death through necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cholich
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - María Pistán
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ana Torres
- Natural Products Laboratory, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - David Hernández
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Biological and Molecular Investigations Group (GIBYM), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Tamara Gómez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Dale Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Biological and Molecular Investigations Group (GIBYM), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
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Cholich LA, Martinez A, Micheloud JF, Pistán ME, García EN, Robles CA, Ortega HH, Gimeno EJ. Alpha-mannosidosis caused by toxic plants in ruminants of Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191496. [PMID: 34787167 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that several of the swainsonine-containing plant species found widespread around the world have a negative economic impact in each country. In Argentina, most of the information on the poisonous plant species that produce α-mannosidosis is published in Spanish and thus not available to most English-speaking researchers interested in toxic plants. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the information about swainsonine-containing plants in Argentina, which are extensively distributed throughout different ecoregions of the country. To date, five species from three genera have been shown to induce α-mannosidosis in livestock in Argentina: Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa, Ipomoea hieronymi subsp. calchaquina (Convolvulaceae), Astragalus garbancillo, Astragalus pehuenches (Fabaceae), and Sida rodrigoi (Malvaceae). These species contain the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, which inhibits the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase and consequently affects glycoprotein metabolism, resulting in partially metabolized sugars. The prolonged consumption of these poisonous plants produces progressive weight loss and clinical signs related to a nervous disorder, characterized by tremors of head and neck, abnormalities of gait, difficulty in standing, ataxia and wide-based stance. Histological lesions are mainly characterized by vacuolation of different cells, especially neurons of the central nervous system. The main animal model used to study α-mannosidosis is the guinea pig because, when experimentally poisoned, it exhibits many of the characteristics of naturally intoxicated livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Cholich
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo Salud Animal, Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Juan F Micheloud
- Universidad Católica de Salta, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomía, Campus Castañares, A4400 Salta, Argentina.,Grupo de Trabajo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnostica, Área de Sanidad Animal-IIACS/INTA, Salta, Argentina
| | - María E Pistán
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Enrique N García
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Robles
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo Salud Animal, Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Bv. Pellegrini 2750, S3000 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo J Gimeno
- Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 60 y 118, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Molín J, Mendonça FS, Henderson EE, Nyaoke AC, Ramírez GA, Navarro MA, Uzal FA, Asín J. Toxic Wasting Disorders in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:229. [PMID: 33477688 PMCID: PMC7831912 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and parasitic agents have been frequently associated with debilitating and wasting conditions in sheep. The prevalence of these agents has probably undermined the role of toxic causes as contributors to such disorders. In addition, many of these intoxications frequently produce acute clinical disease with specific and characteristic lesions, thus a causal relationship with the toxic substance may be relatively easy to establish. However, persistent exposure to some of these organic or inorganic toxic substances may lead to emaciation, ill-thrift, and poor external aspect. The anti-nutritional factors and alkaloids of several plants, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, among others, have also been associated with emaciation and/or poor general performance in sheep flocks. In this review, some of these disorders are discussed with an emphasis on clinical signs and lesions, relevant diagnostic aspects, and available therapeutic approaches. In most cases, demonstrating a history of exposure should be one of the most relevant aspects of the diagnostic approach, and removing the animals from the toxic source is the cornerstone of the majority of the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Molín
- Animal Science Department, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain; (J.M.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Fábio S. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, DMFA/UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil;
| | - Eileen E. Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Akinyi C. Nyaoke
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Animal Science Department, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain; (J.M.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Javier Asín
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
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Cholich LA, Pistán ME, Torres AM, Ortega HH, Gardner DR, Bustillo S. Cytotoxic activity induced by the alkaloid extract from Ipomoea carnea on primary murine mixed glial cultures. Toxicon 2020; 188:134-141. [PMID: 33091389 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prolonged consumption of Ipomoea carnea produces neurologic symptoms in animals and a typical histological lesion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, especially in neurons. The toxic principles of I. carnea are the alkaloids swainsonine and calystegines B1, B2, B3 and C1. In this study, primary brain cultures from newborn mouse containing mixed glial cells were utilized. These cells were exposed to Ipomoea extracts containing between 0 and 250 μM swainsonine for 48 h. Morphological changes were investigated through Phase Contrast microscopy and Rosenfeld's staining. The extract induced cytoplasmic vacuolization in astrocytes and microglia in a dose dependent manner, being more evident when cultures were exposed to 250 μM of swainsonine. In addition, acridine orange staining evidenced an increase in the number of lysosomes in both microglia and astrocytes cells. Consistent with this, scanning electron microscopy also showed that both types of cells presented morphological characteristics of cell activation. Ultrastructurally, cells showed vacuoles filled with amorphous material and surrounded by a single membrane and also multilayer membranes. Taken together, these findings suggest that swainsonine along with calystegines, are probably responsible for the activation of glial cells due to a possible lysosomal dysfunction and therefore intracellular storage. Our results demonstrate that this in vitro glial cell model is a very good alternative to in vivo studies that require several weeks of animal intoxication to observe similar neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Andrea Cholich
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - María Elena Pistán
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana María Torres
- Natural Products Laboratory, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Hugo Héctor Ortega
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences of Litoral (ICIVET), National University of Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Biological and Molecular Investigations Group (GIBYM), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
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de Carvalho Nunes L, Stegelmeier BL, Cook D, Pfister JA, Gardner DR, Riet-Correa F, Welch KD. Clinical and pathological comparison of Astragalus lentiginosus and Ipomoea carnea poisoning in goats. Toxicon 2019; 171:20-28. [PMID: 31542469 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, found in some Astragalus and Oxytropis (i.e., locoweed) species, is a potent cellular glycosidase inhibitor that often poisons livestock. Other toxic genera such as some Ipomoea species also contain swainsonine as well as calystegines which are similar polyhydroxy alkaloids. The toxicity of calystegines is poorly characterized; however, they are also potent glycoside inhibitors capable of intestinal and cellular glycoside dysfunction. The objective of this study was to directly compare A. lentiginosus and I. carnea poisoning in goats to better characterize the role of the calystegines. Three groups of four goats each were treated with ground alfalfa (control), I. carnea or A. lentiginosus to obtain daily doses of 0.0, 1.5, and 1.5 mg swainsonine/kg bw per day, respectively, for 45 days. Animals were observed daily and weekly body weights, serum enzyme activities, and serum swainsonine concentrations were determined. At day 45 all animals were euthanized and necropsied. Goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea developed clinical disease characterized by mild intention tremors and proprioceptive deficits. Goats treated with A. lentiginosus developed clinical disease sooner and with greater consistency. No differences in body weight, serum swainsonine concentrations and serum enzyme activity were observed between goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea. Additionally, there were no differences in the microscopic and histochemical studies of the visceral and neurologic lesions observed between goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea. These findings suggest that I. carnea-induced clinical signs and lesions are due to swainsonine and that calystegines contribute little or nothing to toxicity in goats in the presence of swainsonine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan L Stegelmeier
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N, Logan, UT, USA, 84341
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N, Logan, UT, USA, 84341.
| | - James A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N, Logan, UT, USA, 84341
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N, Logan, UT, USA, 84341
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay; Veterinary Hospital, Center for Health and Rural Technology, Patos Campus, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil
| | - Kevin D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N, Logan, UT, USA, 84341
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Binaglia M, Baert K, Schutte M, Serafimova R. Overview of available toxicity data for calystegines. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05574. [PMID: 32626111 PMCID: PMC7009039 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calystegines are polyhydroxylated nortropane alkaloids that have been found in various solanaceous foods, in particular in potatoes and aubergines. The biological activity and potential toxicity of calystegines are associated with their capacity to inhibit glycosidases and block carbohydrate metabolism inducing lysosomal storage toxicity. The present report summarises the retrieved information on the possible toxicity of calystegines. Only few in vivo short‐term toxicological studies in rodents on individual calystegines or mixtures of calystegines were retrieved. Overall, these studies are insufficient to conclude on the possible chronic toxicity effects of calystegines in humans, in particular considering the short duration of the studies and potential lower sensitivity of rats and mice to glycosidase inhibitors, compared to other species such as goats and guinea pigs. Several studies and case reports were retrieved on the toxic effects induced in livestock or experimental animals following consumption or administration of plants containing calystegines. However, the concurrent presence of other alkaloids, in particular swainsonine, did not allow using these studies to draw conclusions on the toxicity of calystegines. Since no experimental data on genotoxicity of calystegines were retrieved, in silico predicting models were applied to identify possible alert for genotoxicity of five calystegines recently detected in food. In most of the cases, the outcome of the computational predictions indicated no alerts for genotoxicity; however, the low reliability of the results prevents a firm conclusion on the genotoxic potential of the substances. Overall, the available data do not allow drawing conclusions on the possible toxic effects of calystegines in humans or in livestock, and more data in relevant experimental models would be necessary to characterise the toxic profile of this group of substances.
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Mendonça FS, Silva Filho GB, Chaves HA, Aires LD, Braga TC, Gardner DR, Cook D, Buril MT. Detection of swainsonine and calystegines in Convolvulaceae species from the semiarid region of Pernambuco. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Numerous plant species worldwide including some Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) and Sida (Malvaceae) species in Brazil cause lysosomal storage disease in herbivores and are known to contain swainsonine and calystegines as the main toxic compounds. The aim of this work was to determine swainsonine and calystegines concentrations in species of Convolvulaceae from the semiarid region of Pernambuco. Seven municipalities in the Moxotó region were visited and nine species were collected and screened for the presence of swainsonine and calystegines using an HPLC-APCI-MS method. The presence and concentration of these alkaloids within the same and in different species were very variable. Seven species are newly reported here containing swainsonine and/or calystegines. Ipomoea subincana contained just swainsonine. Ipomoea megapotamica, I. rosea and Jacquemontia corymbulosa contained swainsonine and calystegines. Ipomoea sericosepala, I. brasiliana, I. nil, I. bahiensis and I. incarnata contained just calystegines. The discovery of six Ipomoea species and one Jacquemontia species containing toxic polyhydroxy alkaloids reinforces the importance of this group of poisonous plants to ruminants and horses in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. Epidemiological surveys should be conducted to investigate the occurrence of lysosomal storage disease associated to these new species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Cook
- United States Department of Agriculture, USA
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Särkinen T, Poczai P, Barboza GE, van der Weerden GM, Baden M, Knapp S. A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PHYTOKEYS 2018; 106:1-223. [PMID: 30072843 PMCID: PMC6070582 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Särkinen
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria E. Barboza
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerard M. van der Weerden
- Experimental Garden, Radboud University, Faculty of Science Box 49, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Baden
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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Khan MZI, Zahra SS, Ahmed M, Fatima H, Mirza B, Haq IU, Khan SU. Polyphenolic profiling of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. by HPLC-DAD and its implications in oxidative stress and cancer. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2099-2104. [PMID: 29873254 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1482551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. is an important folklore medicinal plant, assessed for its underexplored biological potential. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and polyphenolic profile of whole plant was evaluated using various techniques. Maximum extract recovery (29% w/w), phenolic [13.54 ± 0.27 μg GAE/mg dry weight (DW)] and flavonoid (2.11 ± 0.10 μg QE /mg DW) content were recorded in methanol-distilled water (1:1) flower extract. HPLC-DAD analysis quantified substantial amount of six different polyphenols ranging from 0.081 to 37.95 μg/mg extract. Maximum total antioxidant and reducing potential were documented in methanol-distilled water and acetone-distilled water flower extracts (42.62 ± 0.47 and 24.38 ± 0.39 μg AAE/mg DW) respectively. Ethanol-chloroform root extract manifested highest free radical scavenging (IC50 of 61.22 μg/mL) while 94.64% of the extracts showed cytotoxicity against brine shrimps. Ethanol leaf extract exhibited remarkable activity against THP-1 cell line (IC50 = 8 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and protein kinases (31 mm phenotype bald zone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zafar Irshad Khan
- a Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saniya Zahra
- a Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- a Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Humaira Fatima
- a Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- b Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- a Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- c Centre for Advanced Drug Research , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan.,d School of Pharmacy , Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan , Subang Jaya , Malaysia
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Küster N, Rosahl S, Dräger B. Potato plants with genetically engineered tropane alkaloid precursors. PLANTA 2017; 245:355-365. [PMID: 27783159 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum tropinone reductase I reduced tropinone in vivo. Suppression of tropinone reductase II strongly reduced calystegines in sprouts. Overexpression of putrescine N -methyltransferase did not alter calystegine accumulation. Calystegines are hydroxylated alkaloids formed by the tropane alkaloid pathway. They accumulate in potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) roots and sprouting tubers. Calystegines inhibit various glycosidases in vitro due to their sugar-mimic structure, but functions of calystegines in plants are not understood. Enzymes participating in or competing with calystegine biosynthesis, including putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) and tropinone reductases (TRI and TRII), were altered in their activity in potato plants by RNA interference (RNAi) and by overexpression. The genetically altered potato plants were investigated for the accumulation of calystegines and for intermediates of their biosynthesis. An increase in N-methylputrescine provided by DsPMT expression was not sufficient to increase calystegine accumulation. Overexpression and gene knockdown of StTRI proved that S. tuberosum TRI is a functional tropinone reductase in vivo, but no influence on calystegine accumulation was observed. When StTRII expression was suppressed by RNAi, calystegine formation was severely compromised in the transformed plants. Under phytochamber and green house conditions, the StTRII RNAi plants did not show phenotypic alterations. Further investigation of calystegines function in potato plants under natural conditions is enabled by the calystegine deprived StTRII RNAi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Küster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birgit Dräger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- University Leipzig, Ritterstraße 26, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
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Diseases of the Nervous System. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7322266 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bourebaba L, Saci S, Touguit D, Gali L, Terkmane S, Oukil N, Bedjou F. Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of total calystegines extracted from Hyoscyamus albus. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:337-44. [PMID: 27470371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyoscyamus albus L. (Solanaceae) an old medicinal plant is a rich source of tropane and nortropane alkaloids which confers to this plant a number of very interesting and beneficial therapeutic effects. PURPOSE Calystegines that are polyhydroxylated alkaloids and imino-sugars poccess significant glycosidases inhibitory activities and are therefore good candidats for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN Calystegines extracted from Hyoscyamys albus seeds were tested for teir acute oral toxicity and investigated for their in-vivo antidiabetic effect on Streptozotocine induced diabetes in mice. METHODES Calystegines were extracted from the seeds plant using an Ion exchange column; the remaining extract was then administrated orally to mice at several single doses for acute toxicity assay. A dose of 130mg/kg streptozotocine was injected to mice to induce diabetes mellitus, and diabetic mice were treated orally during 20days with 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg calystegines and 20mg/kg glibenclamide as the reference drug. RESULTS Acute oral toxicity showed that calystegines are not toxic up to a dose of 2000mg/kg with absence of any signs of intoxication and damages in Liver and kidney tissues. The nortropane alkaloids markedly reduced blood glucose levels and lipid parameters of diabetic mice to normal concentrations after 20days of treatment at 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg (p<0.05). Histopathological study of diabetic mice pancreas indicated that calystegines of Hyoscyamus albus have minimized streptozotocine damages on β-cells of islets of langerhans, stimulated β-cells regeneration and improved with this insulin secretion. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that calystegines are potent antidiabetic agents with antihyperglicemic and hypolipidemic effects, and a protective fonction on pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie.
| | - Souaad Saci
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Damia Touguit
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Lynda Gali
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Schahinez Terkmane
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Naima Oukil
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Bedjou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
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García EN, Aguirre MV, Gimeno EJ, Rios EE, Acosta OC, Cholich LA. Haematologic alterations caused by Ipomoea carnea in experimental poisoning of guinea pig. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lu H, Ma F, Wang H, Geng PS, Wang SS, Wang JG, Wu CC, Zhao BY. The effects of swainsonine on the activity and expression of α-mannosidase in BRL-3A cells. Toxicon 2015; 99:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This review of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids (i.e., those in which the parent bicyclic systems are in general not embedded in polycyclic arrays) is an update of the previous coverage in Volume 55 of this series (2001). The present survey covers the literature from mid-1999 to the end of 2013; and in addition to aspects of the isolation, characterization, and biological activity of the alkaloids, much emphasis is placed on their total synthesis. A brief introduction to the topic is followed by an overview of relevant alkaloids from fungal and microbial sources, among them slaframine, cyclizidine, Steptomyces metabolites, and the pantocins. The important iminosugar alkaloids lentiginosine, steviamine, swainsonine, castanospermine, and related hydroxyindolizidines are dealt with in the subsequent section. The fourth and fifth sections cover metabolites from terrestrial plants. Pertinent plant alkaloids bearing alkyl, functionalized alkyl or alkenyl substituents include dendroprimine, anibamine, simple alkaloids belonging to the genera Prosopis, Elaeocarpus, Lycopodium, and Poranthera, and bicyclic alkaloids of the lupin family. Plant alkaloids bearing aryl or heteroaryl substituents include ipalbidine and analogs, secophenanthroindolizidine and secophenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (among them septicine, julandine, and analogs), ficuseptine, lasubines, and other simple quinolizidines of the Lythraceae, the simple furyl-substituted Nuphar alkaloids, and a mixed quinolizidine-quinazoline alkaloid. The penultimate section of the review deals with the sizable group of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids isolated from, or detected in, ants, mites, and terrestrial amphibians, and includes an overview of the "dietary hypothesis" for the origin of the amphibian metabolites. The final section surveys relevant alkaloids from marine sources, and includes clathryimines and analogs, stellettamides, the clavepictines and pictamine, and bis(quinolizidine) alkaloids.
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Wang J, Song L, Zhang Q, Zhang W, An L, Zhang Y, Tong D, Zhao B, Chen S, Zhao S. Exposure to swainsonine impairs adult neurogenesis and spatial learning and memory. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:263-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ghoshal P, Rajendran M, Odo N, Ikuta T. Glycosylation inhibitors efficiently inhibit P-selectin-mediated cell adhesion to endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99363. [PMID: 24945938 PMCID: PMC4063735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules play a critical role in the adhesive interactions of multiple cell types in sickle cell disease (SCD). We previously showed that anti-P-selectin aptamer efficiently inhibits cell adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) and permits SCD mice to survive hypoxic stress. In an effort to discover new mechanisms with which to inhibit P-selectin, we examined the role of glycosylation. P-selectin is a 90 kDa protein but was found to migrate as 90 and 140 kDa bands on gel electrophoresis. When P-selectin isolated from ECs was digested with peptide N-glycosidase F, but not O-glycosidase, the 140 kDa band was lost and the 90 kDa band was enhanced. Treatment of ECs with tunicamycin, an N-glycosylation inhibitor, suppressed CD62P (P-selectin) expression on the cell surface as well as the 140 kDa form in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that the 140 kDa band is N-glycosylated and glycosylation is critical for cell surface expression of P-selectin in ECs. Thrombin, which stimulates P-selectin expression on ECs, induced AKT phosphorylation, whereas tunicamycin inhibited AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that AKT signaling is involved in the tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of P-selectin expression. Importantly, the adhesion of sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) and leukocytes to ECs induced by thrombin or hypoxia was markedly inhibited by two structurally distinct glycosylation inhibitors; the levels of which were comparable to that of a P-selectin monoclonal antibody which most strongly inhibited cell adhesion in vivo. Knockdown studies of P-selectin using short-hairpin RNAs in ECs suppressed sRBC adhesion, indicating a legitimate role for P-selectin in sRBC adhesion. Together, these results demonstrate that P-selectin expression on ECs is regulated in part by glycosylation mechanisms and that glycosylation inhibitors efficiently reduce the adhesion of sRBCs and leukocytes to ECs. Glycosylation inhibitors may lead to a novel therapy which inhibits cell adhesion in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nadine Odo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tohru Ikuta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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Takeda S, Tanaka H, Shimada A, Morita T, Ishihara A, Adilbish A, Delgermaa B, Gungaa O. Cerebellar ataxia suspected to be caused by Oxytropis glabra poisoning in western Mongolian goats. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:839-46. [PMID: 24572629 PMCID: PMC4108767 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last five years in western Mongolia, a neurological disorder and
resultant economic loss have developed in goats, sheep, cattle and horses: association of
the disease with ingestion of Oxytropis glabra, a toxic plant, was
suggested. Affected goats showed neurological signs, including ataxia, incoordination,
hind limb paresis, fine head tremor and nystagmus. Three goats, one with moderate clinical
signs and the other two with severe clinical signs, were necropsied and examined to
describe and characterize the histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural lesions.
Although no gross pathological changes were observed in a variety of organs including the
central nervous system of these goats, microscopic examination of the cerebellum
demonstrated degenerative changes in all these goats, such as vacuolar changes and loss of
Purkinje cells, torpedo formation in the granular layer, increased number of spheroids in
the cerebellar medulla, and loss of axons and myelin sheaths of Purkinje cells. The
chemical analysis of the dried plant detected 0.02–0.05% (dry weight basis) of
swainsonine. This is the first report describing the clinical and pathological findings in
Mongolian goats suspected to be affected by O. glabra poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Takeda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Experimental intoxication of guinea pigs with Ipomoea carnea: Behavioural and neuropathological alterations. Toxicon 2013; 76:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Potential degradation of swainsonine by intracellular enzymes of Arthrobacter sp. HW08. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2161-71. [PMID: 24240642 PMCID: PMC3847719 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swainsonine (SW) is a toxin produced by locoweeds and harmful to the livestock industry. Degrading SW by Arthrobacter sp. HW08 was demonstrated as a promising way to deal with SW poisoning. However, it is unknown which part of the subcellular enzymes in Arthrobacter sp. HW08 is responsible for biodegrading SW and whether the metabolites are atoxic. In this study, intracellular and extracellular enzymes of Arthrobacter sp. HW08 were isolated and their enzyme activity was evaluated. The metabolites were fed to mice, and physiological and histological properties of the treated mice were investigated. The results showed that only intracellular enzyme of Arthrobacter sp. HW08 (IEHW08) could degrade SW efficiently. Compared with mice in SW treatment group, mice in SW + IEHW08 treatment group (1) increased their body weights; (2) showed higher number of platelets and lower number of white blood cells; (3) decreased the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum; (4) reduced the number of vacuolated cells in cerebellum, liver and kidney. All these data demonstrate that IEHW08 was potentially safe for mice, while keeping the capacity of degrading SW. This study indicates a possible application of IEHW08 as an additive in the livestock industry to protect animals from SW poisoning.
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Jocković N, Fischer W, Brandsch M, Brandt W, Dräger B. Inhibition of human intestinal α-glucosidases by calystegines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5550-5557. [PMID: 23697377 DOI: 10.1021/jf4010737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Calystegines are polyhydroxylated nortropane alkaloids found in Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, and other plant families. These plants produce common fruits and vegetables. The calystegine structures resemble sugars and suggest interaction with enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Maltase and sucrase are α-glucosidases contributing to human carbohydrate degradation in the small intestine. Inhibition of these enzymes by orally administered drugs is one option for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. In this study, inhibition of maltase and sucrase by calystegines A3 and B2 purified from potatoes was investigated. In silico docking studies confirmed binding of both calystegines to the active sites of the enzymes. Calystegine A3 showed low in vitro enzyme inhibition; calystegine B2 inhibited mainly sucrose activity. Both compounds were not transported by Caco-2 cells indicating low systemic availability. Vegetables rich in calystegine B2 should be further investigated as possible components of a diet preventing a steep increase in blood glucose after a carbohydrate-rich meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Jocković
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences I, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Li Q, Wang Y, Moldzio R, Lin W, Rausch WD. Swainsonine as a lysosomal toxin affects dopaminergic neurons. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hibberd AD, Trevillian PR, Clark DA, McElduff P, Cowden WB. The effects of Castanospermine, an oligosaccharide processing inhibitor, on mononuclear/endothelial cell binding and the expression of cell adhesion molecules. Transpl Immunol 2012; 27:39-47. [PMID: 22647882 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we aimed to determine whether Castanospermine, a transplant immunosuppressive agent, impaired mononuclear/endothelial cell binding and expression of their cell adhesion molecules. METHODS The binding of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by a binding assay using Chromium 51 label; the membrane expression of cell adhesion molecules was measured by flow cytometry expressed as mean fluorescence intensity ratios. RESULTS Castanospermine decreased mononuclear/endothelial cell binding if and only if both cell types were treated with Castanospermine: this impairment occurred if endothelial cells were treated with a range of doses of Castanospermine and mononuclear cells were treated with a constant dose of Castanospermine (p<0.001 versus untreated p=0.978) or vice versa (p=0.004 versus untreated p=0.582). Upon human umbilical vein endothelial cells Castanospermine reduced the mean fluorescence intensity ratios of E-selectin (p=0.003), ICAM-1 (p<0.001), ICAM-2 (p=0.004) and PECAM-1 (p<0.001) but increased it for P-selectin (p<0.001). Upon peripheral blood mononuclear cells Castanospermine reduced the mean fluorescence intensity ratios of L-selectin (P<0.001), LFA-1α (p<0.001), VLA-4 (p<0.001), Mac-1 (P<0.001) and CR4 (p<0.001) but increased the mean fluorescence intensity ratios of PSGL-1 (p<0.001) and PECAM-1 (p=0.001). Similar changes in mean fluorescence intensity ratios were found in the subset of lymphocytes and monocytes but the reductions in LFA-1α and VLA-4 on lymphocytes and Mac-1 and CR4 on monocytes were greater. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in mononuclear/endothelial cell binding mediated by CAST and the reduction in expression of multiple cell adhesion molecules on these cell types help to explain the mechanism of its established immunosuppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Hibberd
- Newcastle Transplant Unit, Division of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, Australia.
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Armién AG, Tokarnia CH, Peixoto PV, Barbosa JD, Frese K. Clinical and Morphologic Changes in Ewes and Fetuses Poisoned by Ipomoea Carnea Subspecies Fistulosa. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:221-32. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intoxication with Ipomoea carnea has been reported in goats, sheep, and cattle in tropical regions worldwide. The disease has been characterized only in goats; therefore, the present study was conducted in sheep. Nine animals were fed feed rations that contained 3 different concentrations of Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa. Individual intake varied between 10.5 and 135.2 g of fresh plant per kilogram of body weight (BW) per day. Animals first showed clinical signs between day 43 and day 63. The maximum survival time was 133 days. Sheep presented with weight loss and neurologic abnormalities. Neurologic signs were dominated by marked depression, abnormal behavior, and musculoskeletal weakness, with poorly defined motor and proprioceptive deficits. In mature animals, cytoplasmic vacuolation, consistent with accumulation of secondary lysosomes, affected neurons, astrocytes, exocrine pancreatic acinar epithelia, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, renal tubular epithelia, thyroid follicular epithelia, cortical adrenal epithelia, endothelia and perivascular cells, and macrophages in lymph nodes and spleen. In the central nervous system, there was axonal degeneration and astrogliosis. Abortion was observed as early as day 22 of the trial. In fetal tissues and placenta of chronically poisoned ewes, cytoplasmic vacuolation was histologically detected in neurons, exocrine pancreatic acinar epithelia, hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelia, and thyroid follicular epithelia. All the sheep developed a glycoprotein storage disease, with lysosomal accumulation of N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides, which was indistinguishable from that induced by the alkaloid swainsonine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aníbal G. Armién
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Carlos H. Tokarnia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Pasture, Institute of Zootecnia, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vargas Peixoto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Pasture, Institute of Zootecnia, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose D. Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural and Livestock Center, University Federal of Para, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Knut Frese
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Cholich L, Gimeno E, Teibler P, Jorge N, Acosta de Pérez O. The guinea pig as an animal model for Ipomoea carnea induced α-mannosidosis. Toxicon 2009; 54:276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van der Lugt JJ, Bastianello SS, van Ederen AM, van Wilpe E. Cerebellar cortical degeneration in cattle caused by Solanum kwebense. Vet J 2009; 185:225-7. [PMID: 19457687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of maldronksiekte, a sporadic neurological disorder of cattle caused by the ingestion of the plant Solanum kwebense in certain parts of South Africa, was studied in three chronic field cases. There was loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells with the remaining neurons either swollen or shrunken and showing degeneration and necrosis. Ultrastructurally, neurons with a swollen perikaryon showed depletion and empty dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. In a few Purkinje cells, the cytoplasm contained small numbers of lamellar and membranous bodies. In the shrunken neurons, the highly condensed cytoplasm contained distended Golgi saccules, dense clusters of granular endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria. Lectin histochemistry revealed that the cytoplasmic vacuoles in some distended Purkinje cells stained strongly with Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) agglutinin and weakly with Triticum vulgaris (WGA) and succinyl-WGA (S-WGA) agglutinin. The pattern of lectin binding only partially agreed with that reported in calves poisoned with Solanum fastigiatum, causing a presumed glycolipid storage disease. Apoptosis was not detected in neurons using a commercial deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method. The pathogenesis of the cerebellar lesions is unknown but the intoxication may have resulted from the inability of neurons, in particular Purkinje cells, to metabolise a plant toxin or cellular substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco J van der Lugt
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X05, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa.
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Molyneux RJ, Panter KE. Alkaloids toxic to livestock. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2009; 67:143-216. [PMID: 19827367 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(09)06703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Molyneux
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California, USA.
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