1
|
Kharechkina ES, Nikiforova AB, Belosludtsev KN, Rokitskaya TI, Antonenko YN, Kruglov AG. Pioglitazone Is a Mild Carrier-Dependent Uncoupler of Oxidative Phosphorylation and a Modulator of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101045. [PMID: 34681269 PMCID: PMC8537895 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO) is an insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drug, which normalizes glucose and lipid metabolism but may provoke heart and liver failure and chronic kidney diseases. Both therapeutic and adverse effects of PIO can be accomplished through mitochondrial targets. Here, we explored the capability of PIO to modulate the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in different models in vitro. ΔΨm was measured using tetraphenylphosphonium and the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123. The coupling of oxidative phosphorylation was estimated polarographically. The transport of ions and solutes across membranes was registered by potentiometric and spectral techniques. We found that PIO decreased ΔΨm in isolated mitochondria and intact thymocytes and the efficiency of ADP phosphorylation, particularly after the addition of Ca2+. The presence of the cytosolic fraction mitigated mitochondrial depolarization but made it sustained. Carboxyatractyloside diminished the PIO-dependent depolarization. PIO activated proton transport in deenergized mitochondria but not in artificial phospholipid vesicles. PIO had no effect on K+ and Ca2+ inward transport but drastically decreased the mitochondrial Ca2+-retention capacity and protective effects of adenine nucleotides against mPTP opening. Thus, PIO is a mild, partly ATP/ADP-translocase-dependent, uncoupler and a modulator of ATP production and mPTP sensitivity to Ca2+ and adenine nucleotides. These properties contribute to both therapeutic and adverse effects of PIO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Anna B. Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.I.R.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.I.R.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Alexey G. Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4967-739107
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kress BJ, Kim DH, Mayo JR, Farris JT, Heck B, Sarver JG, Andy D, Trendel JA, Heck BE, Erhardt PW. Synthesis and Evaluation of PPARδ Agonists That Promote Osteogenesis in a Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and in a Mouse Model of Human Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6996-7032. [PMID: 33988379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a directed library of compounds to explore the structure-activity relationships of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation relative to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis. Our scaffold used para-substituted cinnamic acids as a polar headgroup, a heteroatom and heterocycle core connecting units, and substituted phenyl groups for the lipophilic tail. Compounds were screened for their ability to increase osteogenesis in MSCs, and the most promising were examined for subunit specificity using a quantitative PPAR transactivation assay. Six compounds were selected for in vivo studies in an ovariectomized mouse model of human postmenopausal osteoporosis. Four compounds improved bone density in vivo, with two (12d and 31a) having activity comparable to that of GW0742, a well-studied PPARδ-selective agonist. 31a (2-methyl-4-[N-methyl-N-[5-methylene-4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiazole]]aminocinnamic acid) had the highest selectivity for PPARδ compared to other subtypes, its selectivity far exceeding that of GW0742. Our results confirm that PPARδ is a new drug target for possible treatment of osteoporosis via in situ manipulation of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kress
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 16419, Republic of Korea.,Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Jared R Mayo
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jeffery T Farris
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Benjamin Heck
- Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States.,Bluffton University, Bluffton, Ohio 45817, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Divya Andy
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jill A Trendel
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Bruce E Heck
- Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang R, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu H. PPARγ in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Overview of the Biology and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:600618. [PMID: 33995008 PMCID: PMC8117354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that is often characterized as a blood circulation disorder caused due to various factors (such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, burn, and thrombus). Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Theoretically, IRI can occur in various tissues and organs, including the kidney, liver, myocardium, and brain, among others. The advances made in research regarding restoring tissue perfusion in ischemic areas have been inadequate with regard to decreasing the mortality and infarct size associated with IRI. Hence, the clinical treatment of patients with severe IRI remains a thorny issue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists and is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating IRI. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in IRI. The protective effects of PPARγ, such as attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described, envisaging certain therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang W, Li Y, Song X, Xu J, Xie J. Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA co-expression profile in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissue by RNA sequencing. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26591-26599. [PMID: 28427159 PMCID: PMC5432281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are pervasively transcribed in the genome, are emerging in molecular biology as crucial regulators of cancer. RNA-seq data were downloaded from GEO of NCBI and further analyzed to identify novel targets in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). We investigated differences in lncRNA and mRNA profiles between 7 pairs of iCCA and adjacent normal tissues. 230 lncRNAs were differentially expressed more than four-fold change in iCCA tissues. Among these, 97 were upregulated and 133 downregulated relatively to normal tissues. Moreover, 169 lncRNAs and 597 mRNAs formed the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network which consist 766 network nodes and 769 connection edges. Bioinformatics analysis identified these dysregulated lncRNAs were associated with cholesterol homeostasis, insoluble fraction and lipid binding activity and were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades and PPAR signaling pathway. These results uncovered the landscape of iCCA-associated lncRNAs and co-expression network, providing insightful information about dysregulated lncRNAs in iCCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Song
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulation during Metabolic Diseases and Cancers: Master and Minions. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:6517313. [PMID: 28115924 PMCID: PMC5225385 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6517313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular diseases) has increased in the last decade, in both industrialized and developing countries. This also coincided with our observation of a similar increase in the prevalence of cancers. The aetiology of these diseases is very complex and involves genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Much evidence indicates the central role undertaken by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the development of these disorders. Due to the fact that their ligands could become crucial in future target-therapies, PPARs have therefore become the focal point of much research. Based on this evidence, this narrative review was written with the purpose of outlining the effects of PPARs, their actions, and their prospective uses in metabolic diseases and cancers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pleiotropic Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Dysregulated Metabolic Homeostasis, Inflammation and Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17070999. [PMID: 27347932 PMCID: PMC4964375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have demonstrated a lot of important effects in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and in the correct functioning of adipose tissue. Recently, many studies have evaluated a possible effect of PPARs on tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to describe the effects of PPARs, their action and their future prospective; METHODS Narrative review aimed to synthesize cutting-edge evidence retrieved from searches of computerized databases; RESULTS PPARs play a key role in metabolic diseases, which include several cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, impaired immunity and the increasing risk of cancer; in particular, PPARα and PPARβ/δ mainly enable energy combustion, while PPARγ contributes to energy storage by enhancing adipogenesis; CONCLUSION PPAR agonists could represent interesting types of molecules that can treat not only metabolic diseases, but also inflammation and cancer. Additional research is needed for the identification of high-affinity, high-specificity agonists for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other metabolic diseases. Further studies are needed also to elucidate the role of PPARs in cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Luthra A, Misra A. The marketing of unproven drugs for diabetes and dyslipidaemia in India. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:758-60. [PMID: 26386988 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Luthra
- Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India; Diabetic Foundation, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity, and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wright MB, Bortolini M, Tadayyon M, Bopst M. Minireview: Challenges and opportunities in development of PPAR agonists. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1756-68. [PMID: 25148456 PMCID: PMC5414793 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical impact of the fibrate and thiazolidinedione drugs on dyslipidemia and diabetes is driven mainly through activation of two transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ. However, substantial differences exist in the therapeutic and side-effect profiles of specific drugs. This has been attributed primarily to the complexity of drug-target complexes that involve many coregulatory proteins in the context of specific target gene promoters. Recent data have revealed that some PPAR ligands interact with other non-PPAR targets. Here we review concepts used to develop new agents that preferentially modulate transcriptional complex assembly, target more than one PPAR receptor simultaneously, or act as partial agonists. We highlight newly described on-target mechanisms of PPAR regulation including phosphorylation and nongenomic regulation. We briefly describe the recently discovered non-PPAR protein targets of thiazolidinediones, mitoNEET, and mTOT. Finally, we summarize the contributions of on- and off-target actions to select therapeutic and side effects of PPAR ligands including insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular actions, inflammation, and carcinogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Wright
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Pharmaceuticals (M.B.W., M.Bor., M.Bop.), CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; and MediTech Media (M.T.), London EC1V 9AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|