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De Muynck K, Devisscher L. Targeting osteopontin to treat primary sclerosing cholangitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:77-84. [PMID: 38190383 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which no pharmacological treatment options are available. It is an immune-mediated disease and macrophages have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, which specific macrophage populations contribute to disease, and how we can apply this as therapeutic strategy is still unclear. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that fibrous tissue is characterized by osteopontin-positive macrophages, including in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Experimental models indicate that intracellular osteopontin in macrophages confers protection, while secreted osteopontin contributes to disease. Serum osteopontin is increased in different liver diseases, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, and might thus serve as therapeutic target. SUMMARY Although several studies report on the role of osteopontin in liver disease, only a minority of the studies have focused on isoform-specific functions, and the importance of the cellular source of secreted osteopontin. Future studies investigating these aspects, and how this can be translated to therapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis, and other chronic liver diseases, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De Muynck
- Gut-Liver ImmunoPharmacology unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, University Hostpital Ghent, Belgium
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De Muynck K, Vanderborght B, Van Vlierberghe H, Devisscher L. The Gut-Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:2959. [PMID: 34831182 PMCID: PMC8616442 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing health concern which accounts for two million deaths per year. Obesity, alcohol overconsumption, and progressive cholestasis are commonly characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and advancing fibrosis, which form the basis for development of end-stage liver disease complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. CLD pathophysiology extends to the intestinal tract and is characterized by intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid dysregulation, and gut barrier disruption. In addition, macrophages are key players in CLD progression and intestinal barrier breakdown. Emerging studies are unveiling macrophage heterogeneity and driving factors of their plasticity in health and disease. To date, in-depth investigation of how gut-liver axis disruption impacts the hepatic and intestinal macrophage pool in CLD pathogenesis is scarce. In this review, we give an overview of the role of intestinal and hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and gut-liver axis disruption in progressive stages of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De Muynck
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
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Zou M, Wang A, Wei J, Cai H, Yu Z, Zhang L, Wang X. An insight into the mechanism and molecular basis of dysfunctional immune response involved in cholestasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107328. [PMID: 33412394 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is one of the most common clinical symptom of liver diseases. If patients do not receive effective treatment, cholestasis can evolve into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver failure requiring liver transplantation. Currently, only ursodeoxycholic acid, obeticholic acid and bezafibrate are FDA-approved drugs, thereby requiring a breakthrough in new mechanisms and therapeutic development. Inflammation is one of the common complications of cholestasis. Hepatic accumulation of toxic hydrophobic bile acids is a highly immunogenic process involving both resident and immigrating immune cells. And the resulting inflammation may further aggravate hepatocyte injury. Though, great investigations have been made in the immune responses during cholestasis, the relationship between immune responses and cholestasis remains unclear. Moreover, scarce reviews summarize the immune responses during cholestasis and the efficacy of therapies on immune response. The main purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on dysfunctional immune response during cholestasis and the effect of treatment on immune response which may provide an insight for researchers and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhi Zou
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Aizhen Wang
- The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huaian 223002, PR China
| | - Jiajie Wei
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Heng Cai
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zixun Yu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Inflammation: Cause or consequence of chronic cholestatic liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111133. [PMID: 31972189 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a result of obstruction of the biliary tracts. It is a common cause of liver pathology after exposure to toxic xenobiotics and during numerous other liver diseases. Accumulation of bile acids in the liver is thought to be a major driver of liver injury during cholestasis and can lead to eventual liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. As such, current therapy in the field of chronic liver diseases with prominent cholestasis relies heavily on increasing choleresis to limit accumulation of bile acids. Many of these same diseases also present with autoimmunity before the onset of cholestasis though, indicating the inflammation may be an initiating component of the pathology. Moreover, cytotoxic inflammatory mediators accumulate during cholestasis and can propagate liver injury. Anti-inflammatory biologics and small molecules have largely failed clinical trials in these diseases though and as such, targeting inflammation as a means to address cholestatic liver injury remains debatable. The purpose of this review is to understand the different roles that inflammation can play during cholestatic liver injury and attempt to define how new therapeutic targets that limit or control inflammation may be beneficial for patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease.
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Cullen JM, Faiola B, Melich DH, Peterson RA, Jordan HL, Kimbrough CL, Miller RT. Acute Alpha-Naphthylisothiocyanate-induced Liver Toxicity in Germfree and Conventional Male Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:987-97. [PMID: 27519817 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316662360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the responses of conventional and germfree male Sprague-Dawley rats to acute injury induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a well-characterized biliary epithelial toxicant, were evaluated. Conventional and germfree rats were dosed once orally with 50 mg/kg of ANIT or corn oil alone and serially sacrificed daily for the next 3 days. Germfree rats treated with ANIT tended to have greater increases in virtually all liver and biliary-related analytes compared with conventional rats treated with ANIT; however, significant differences were found only in a few of these analytes including increased bile acids on day 3, total bilirubin on day 4, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) on day 3, and reduced paraoxonase 1 (PON1) on days 2 and 3. Histologic differences between the conventional and germfree rats were modest, but most pronounced on day 2 (24-hr post dosing). Based on subjective scoring, biliary necrosis, neutrophilic cholangitis, and portal tract edema were more severe in germfree rats at 24 hr post dosing compared with conventional rats. Biliary epithelial replication did not differ between treated groups, however. Overall, germfree rats had a modestly greater level of biliary tract injury based on subjective histologic scoring and clinical chemistry measurements following an acute exposure to the well-characterized biliary toxin, ANIT; however, the difference between the ANIT-treated germfree and conventional groups was modest and most evident only within the first day following exposure. These findings suggest that the microbiome did not significantly affect ANIT-induced acute biliary tract injury in the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Cullen
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brenda Faiola
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H Melich
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A Peterson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly L Jordan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carie L Kimbrough
- GlaxoSmithKline, Statistical Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard T Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Pervin M, Golbar HM, Bondoc A, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Transient effects of empty liposomes on hepatic macrophage populations in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:139-44. [PMID: 27182120 PMCID: PMC4866004 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been used as a vehicle for encapsulating chemicals or toxins in toxicological studies. We investigated the transient effects of empty liposomes on hepatic macrophages by applying a single intravenous injection at a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight in 6-week-old male F344 rats. One day after injection, the numbers of hepatic macrophages reacting to CD163, CD68, Iba-1, MHC class II, Gal-3 and CD204 were significantly increased in liposome-treated rats. CD163+ Kupffer cells and CD68+ macrophages with increased phagocytic activity in hepatic lobules were most sensitive. The histological architecture of the liver was not changed following liposome injection; however, hepatocytes showed increased proliferating activity, demonstrable with proliferation marker immunostaining and by an increase in gene profiles related to the cell cycle. In the liposome-treated rats, interestingly, AST and ALT values were significantly decreased, and MCP-1, IL-1β and TGF-β1 mRNAs were significantly increased. Collectively, the present study found that hepatic macrophages activated by liposomes can influence liver homeostasis. This information would be useful for background studies on liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Pervin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hossain M Golbar
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Alexandra Bondoc
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Pervin M, Golbar HM, Bondoc A, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunophenotypical characterization and influence on liver homeostasis of depleting and repopulating hepatic macrophages in rats injected with clodronate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:113-24. [PMID: 26610753 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages (including Kupffer cells) play a crucial role in the homeostasis and act as mediators of inflammatory response in the liver. Hepatic macrophages were depleted in male F344 rats by a single intravenous injection of liposomal clodronate (CLD; 50mg/kg body weight), and immunophenotypical characteristics of depleting and repopulating macrophages were analyzed by different antibodies specific for macrophages. CD163(+) Kupffer cells were almost completely depleted on post-injection (PI) days 1-12. Macrophages reacting to CD68, Iba-1, and Gal-3 were drastically reduced in number on PI day 1 and then recovered gradually until PI day 12. MHC class II(+) and CD204(+) macrophages were moderately decreased during the observation period. Although hepatic macrophages detectable by different antibodies were reduced in varying degrees, Kupffer cells were the most susceptible to CLD. Liver situation influenced by depleted hepatic macrophages was also investigated. No marked histological changes were seen in the liver, but the proliferating activity of hepatocytes was significantly increased, supported by changes of gene profiles relating to cell proliferation on microarray analysis on PI day 1; the values of AST and ALT were significantly elevated; macrophage induction/activation factors (such as MCP-1, CSF-1, IL-6 and IL-4) were increased exclusively on PI day 1, whereas anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10 and TGF-β1 remained significantly decreased after macrophage depletion. The present study confirmed importance of hepatic macrophages in liver homeostasis. The condition of hepatic macrophages should be taken into consideration when chemicals capable of inhibiting macrophage functions are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Pervin
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hossain M Golbar
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Alexandra Bondoc
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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Li M, Sun R, Xu L, Yin W, Chen Y, Zheng X, Lian Z, Wei H, Tian Z. Kupffer Cells Support Hepatitis B Virus-Mediated CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion via Hepatitis B Core Antigen-TLR2 Interactions in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3100-9. [PMID: 26304988 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence is a fundamental process in chronic HBV infection and a key factor in all related liver diseases; however, the mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We studied the role of TLR2 in HBV persistence using a well-established HBV-carrier mouse model generated by hydrodynamically injecting a phospho-adeno-associated virus/HBV1.2 plasmid into mice. We found that a genetic deficiency in TLR2 improves HBV elimination, whereas activating TLR2 led to more stable HBV persistence, suggesting that TLR2 activation is critical in HBV persistence. Furthermore, we noted that TLR2 activation could inhibit CD8(+) T cell function, causing the exhaustion phenotype in HBV-carrier mice, because TLR2 deficiency might rescue CD8(+) T cell function in a cellular adoptive experiment. TLR2 expression on Kupffer cells (KCs) was upregulated in HBV-carrier mice, which accounts for HBV persistence, because the difference in anti-HBV immunity between HBV-carrier wild-type and Tlr2(-/-) mice did not exist after KC depletion. In addition, similar to TLR2 deficiency, after KC depletion, CD8(+) T cells were more efficiently activated in HBV-carrier mice, leading to rapid HBV elimination. KCs produced more IL-10 upon TLR2 activation in response to direct hepatitis B core Ag stimulation, and the elevated IL-10 inhibited CD8(+) T cell function in HBV-carrier mice, because IL-10 deficiency or anti-IL-10R treatment resulted in CD8(+) T cells with stronger antiviral function. In conclusion, KCs support liver tolerance by inducing anti-HBV CD8(+) T cell exhaustion via IL-10 production after TLR2 activation by hepatitis B core Ag stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; and Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Long Xu
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; and Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Tian C, Zhang T, Wang L, Shan Q, Jiang L. The hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of total iridoids and xanthones extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:259-266. [PMID: 24746481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Total iridoids and xanthones (TIXS) were extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch, one of the most important eight Tibetan medicines in China, which was recorded in the book of Jingzhu Bencao and used for clinical treatment of cholestatic hepatitis for many years. Our aim was to study the hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of the TIXS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude extracts were prepared using 90% ethanol, and individual fractions were collected following HPD-300 macroporous resin column chromatography. HPLC/MS was applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the TIXS. Then, the alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate-induced liver damage model was used to assess the hepatoprotective effect of the TIXS. RESULTS A total of 12 compounds were identified by the fingerprint chromatography of the TIXS, and swertiamarin and swertianolin were shown to be its two main components. Oral administration of the TIXS at a dose of 35, 70 or 140 mg kg(-1), swertiamarin at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1) or swertianolin at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1), for 7 days in mice significantly reduced the alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate-induced levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and the total and direct bilirubins, and increased the bile flow (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the TIXS exhibits significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. Its active constituents include swertiamarin and swertianolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwang Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Linghuo Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Kermanizadeh A, Chauché C, Balharry D, Brown DM, Kanase N, Boczkowski J, Lanone S, Stone V. The role of Kupffer cells in the hepatic response to silver nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:149-54. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.866284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- Nanosafety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
- Inserm U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France,
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,
| | - Caroline Chauché
- Inserm U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France,
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,
| | - Dominique Balharry
- Nanosafety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - David M Brown
- Nanosafety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - Nilesh Kanase
- Nanosafety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Inserm U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France,
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Service de pneumologie et pathologie professionnelle, Créteil, France, and
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles, Créteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Inserm U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France,
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France,
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Service de pneumologie et pathologie professionnelle, Créteil, France, and
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nanosafety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
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