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Rippon MG, Daly K, Rogers AA, Westgate S. Safety and effectiveness of an antiseptic wound cleansing and irrigation solution containing polyhexamethylene biguanide. J Wound Care 2024; 33:324-334. [PMID: 38683774 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.5.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is currently a wide range of cleansing and irrigation solutions available for wounds, many of which contain antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of HydroClean Solution (HARTMANN, Germany), a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)-containing irrigation solution, in a standard cytotoxicity assay, and to assess its effect in a three-dimensional (3D) full-thickness model of human skin. METHOD A number of commercially available wound cleansing and irrigation solutions, including the PHMB-containing irrigation solution, were tested in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibroblasts (ISO 10993-5:2009). The PHMB-containing irrigation solution was then assessed in an in vitro human keratinocyte-fibroblast 3D full-thickness wounded skin model to determine its effect on wound healing over six days. The effect of the PHMB-containing irrigation solution on tissue viability was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and proinflammatory effects were measured using an interleukin-6 (IL-6) production assay. RESULTS The PHMB-containing irrigation solution was shown to be equivalent to other commercially available cleansing and irrigation solutions when tested in the L929 fibroblast cytotoxicity assay. When assessed in the in vitro 3D human full-thickness wound healing model, the PHMB-containing irrigation solution treatment resulted in no difference in levels of LDH or IL-6 when compared with levels produced in control Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline cultures. There was, however, a pronounced tissue thickening of the skin model in the periwound region. CONCLUSION The experimental data presented in this study support the conclusion that the PHMB-containing irrigation solution has a safety profile similar to other commercially available cleansing and irrigation solutions. Evidence also suggests that the PHMB-containing irrigation solution does not affect tissue viability or proinflammatory cytokine production, as evidenced by LDH levels or the production of IL-6 in a 3D human full-thickness wound healing model. The PHMB-containing irrigation solution stimulated new tissue growth in the periwound region of the skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Rippon
- Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, UK
- Daneriver Consultancy Ltd, Holmes Chapel, Cheshire, UK
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2
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Kim MJ, Ahn HJ, Kong D, Lee S, Kim DH, Kang KS. Modeling of solar UV-induced photodamage on the hair follicles in human skin organoids. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241248753. [PMID: 38725732 PMCID: PMC11080775 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241248753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (sUV) exposure is known to cause skin damage. However, the pathological mechanisms of sUV on hair follicles have not been extensively explored. Here, we established a model of sUV-exposed skin and its appendages using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids with planar morphology containing hair follicles. Our model closely recapitulated several symptoms of photodamage, including skin barrier disruption, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory response. Specifically, sUV induced structural damage and catagenic transition in hair follicles. As a potential therapeutic agent for hair follicles, we applied exosomes isolated from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells to sUV-exposed organoids. As a result, exosomes effectively alleviated inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation, thereby suppressing structural damage and promoting hair follicle regeneration. Ultimately, our model provided a valuable platform to mimic skin diseases, particularly those involving hair follicles, and to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Ahn
- Cytotherapy R&D Center, PRIMORIS THERAPEUTICS CO., LTD., Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhao H, Chen Z, Kang X, Yang B, Luo P, Li H, He Q. The frontline of alternatives to animal testing: novel in vitro skin model application in drug development and evaluation. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:152-169. [PMID: 37702017 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA Modernization Act 2.0 has brought nonclinical drug evaluation into a new era. In vitro models are widely used and play an important role in modern drug development and evaluation, including early candidate drug screening and preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity assessment. Driven by regulatory steering and facilitated by well-defined physiology, novel in vitro skin models are emerging rapidly, becoming the most advanced area in alternative testing research. The revolutionary technologies bring us many in vitro skin models, either laboratory-developed or commercially available, which were all built to emulate the structure of the natural skin to recapitulate the skin's physiological function and particular skin pathology. During the model development, how to achieve balance among complexity, accessibility, capability, and cost-effectiveness remains the core challenge for researchers. This review attempts to introduce the existing in vitro skin models, align them on different dimensions, such as structural complexity, functional maturity, and screening throughput, and provide an update on their current application in various scenarios within the scope of chemical testing and drug development, including testing in genotoxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization, corrosion/irritation. Overall, the review will summarize a general strategy for in vitro skin model to enhance future model invention, application, and translation in drug development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaozeng Chen
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xingchen Kang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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4
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Costa S, Vilas-Boas V, Lebre F, Granjeiro JM, Catarino CM, Moreira Teixeira L, Loskill P, Alfaro-Moreno E, Ribeiro AR. Microfluidic-based skin-on-chip systems for safety assessment of nanomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1282-1298. [PMID: 37419838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ, continuously exposed to and affected by natural and anthropogenic nanomaterials (materials with external and internal dimensions in the nanoscale range). This broad spectrum of insults gives rise to irreversible health effects (from skin corrosion to cancer). Organ-on-chip systems can recapitulate skin physiology with high fidelity and potentially revolutionize the safety assessment of nanomaterials. Here, we review current advances in skin-on-chip models and their potential to elucidate biological mechanisms. Further, strategies are discussed to recapitulate skin physiology on-chip, improving control over nanomaterials exposure and transport across cells. Finally, we highlight future opportunities and challenges from design and fabrication to acceptance by regulatory bodies and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costa
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - V Vilas-Boas
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - F Lebre
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - J M Granjeiro
- Biology Coordination, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Catarino
- Product Safety Management- Quality, Excellence, and Care, Grupo Boticário, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Loskill
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Alfaro-Moreno
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - A R Ribeiro
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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5
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Portugal-Cohen M, Cohen D, Kohen R, Oron M. Exploitation of alternative skin models from academia to industry: proposed functional categories to answer needs and regulation demands. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215266. [PMID: 37334052 PMCID: PMC10272927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dror Cohen
- DermAb.io, Haifa, Israel
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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6
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Hu F, Santagostino SF, Danilenko DM, Tseng M, Brumm J, Zehnder P, Wu KC. Assessment of Skin Toxicity in an in Vitro Reconstituted Human Epidermis Model Using Deep Learning. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:687-700. [PMID: 35063406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Skin toxicity is a common safety concern associated with drugs that inhibit epidermal growth factor receptors as well as other targets involved in epidermal growth and differentiation. Recently, the use of a three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis model enabled large-scale drug screening and showed potential for predicting skin toxicity. Although a decrease in epidermal thickness was often observed when the three-dimensional reconstructed tissues were exposed to drugs causing skin toxicity, the thickness evaluation of epidermal layers from a pathologist was subjective and not easily reproducible or scalable. In addition, the subtle differences in thickness among tissues, as well as the large number of samples tested, made cross-study comparison difficult when a manual evaluation strategy was used. The current study used deep learning and image-processing algorithms to measure the viable epidermal thickness from multiple studies and found that the measured thickness was not only significantly correlated with a pathologist's semi-quantitative evaluation but was also in close agreement with the quantitative measurement performed by pathologists. Moreover, a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.75 were achieved when predicting the toxicity of 18 compounds with clinical observations with these epidermal thickness algorithms. This approach is fully automated, reproducible, and highly scalable. It not only shows reasonable accuracy in predicting skin toxicity but also enables cross-study comparison and high-throughput compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Hu
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California.
| | | | | | - Min Tseng
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jochen Brumm
- Department of Nonclinical Biostatistics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Philip Zehnder
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kai Connie Wu
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California.
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7
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Rodríguez-Garzotto A, Iglesias-Docampo L, Díaz-García CV, Ruppen I, Ximénez-Embún P, Gómez C, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, de Frutos JO, Lopez-Martin JA, Grávalos C, Cortés-Funes H, Agulló-Ortuño MT. Topical heparin as an effective and safe treatment for patients with capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome: results of a phase IIA trial supported by proteomic profiling of skin biopsies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221086911. [PMID: 35356259 PMCID: PMC8958526 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221086911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse reaction associated with capecitabine chemotherapy that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of a topical heparin (TH) treatment on the clinical manifestations and anatomopathological alterations of capecitabine-induced HFS. In addition, we performed proteome profiling of skin biopsies obtained from patients with HFS at baseline and after heparin treatment. Methods: Patients with grade ⩽ 2 HFS associated with capecitabine were included in this study. The primary end point was the effectiveness of TH in reducing HFS of any grade. Clinical improvement was evaluated by clinicians, and an improvement was perceived by patients who performed a weekly visual analog scale questionnaire. Secondary end points included a comparative histological analysis and protein expression in skin biopsies at baseline and after 3 weeks of HT treatment. Proteomic profiling was carried out using quantitative isobaric labelling and subsequently validated by a T-array. Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The median TH treatment time was 7.6 weeks (range = 3.6–41.6 weeks), and the median response time was 3.01 weeks (95% CI = 2.15–3.97). At the end of treatment, 19 of 21 patients (90.48%) responded to treatment with a decrease in one or more grades of HFS. None of the patients experienced adverse effects related to TH usage, nor did they suspend chemotherapy treatment. The main findings observed in skin biopsies after treatment were a decrease in hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic infiltrates. The proteomic analysis showed altered expression of 34 proteins that were mainly related to wound healing, cell growth, and the immune response. Conclusion: Based on our results, topical heparin is an effective and safe treatment for clinical manifestations of HFS, probably due to the restauration of skin homeostasis after heparin treatment, as supported by our proteomics-derived data. Trial registration: EudraCT 2009-018171-13
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Rodríguez-Garzotto
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Thoracic and Clinical-Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
- Roche Farma España, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Iglesias-Docampo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Thoracic and Clinical-Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO- H12O, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Vanesa Díaz-García
- Laboratory of Thoracic and Clinical-Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruppen
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ximénez-Embún
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose A. Lopez-Martin
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Thoracic and Clinical-Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Grávalos
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernán Cortés-Funes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Laboratory of Thoracic and Clinical-Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO- H12O, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre: Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain
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8
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Jiang H, Muir RK, Gonciarz RL, Olshen AB, Yeh I, Hann BC, Zhao N, Wang YH, Behr SC, Korkola JE, Evans MJ, Collisson EA, Renslo AR. Ferrous iron–activatable drug conjugate achieves potent MAPK blockade in KRAS-driven tumors. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213060. [PMID: 35262628 PMCID: PMC8916116 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations drive a quarter of cancer mortality, and most are undruggable. Several inhibitors of the MAPK pathway are FDA approved but poorly tolerated at the doses needed to adequately extinguish RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling in the tumor cell. We found that oncogenic KRAS signaling induced ferrous iron (Fe2+) accumulation early in and throughout mutant KRAS-mediated transformation. We converted an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor into a ferrous iron–activatable drug conjugate (FeADC) and achieved potent MAPK blockade in tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. This innovation allowed sustainable, effective treatment of tumor-bearing animals, with tumor-selective drug activation, producing superior systemic tolerability. Ferrous iron accumulation is an exploitable feature of KRAS transformation, and FeADCs hold promise for improving the treatment of KRAS-driven solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan K. Muir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan L. Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam B. Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Byron C. Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yung-hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Spencer C. Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James E. Korkola
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Motter Catarino C, Kaiser K, Baltazar T, Motter Catarino L, Brewer JR, Karande P. Evaluation of native and non‐native biomaterials for engineering human skin tissue. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10297. [PMID: 36176598 PMCID: PMC9472026 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of human skin models have been developed for applications in regenerative medicine and efficacy studies. Typically, these employ matrix molecules that are derived from non‐human sources along with human cells. Key limitations of such models include a lack of cellular and tissue microenvironment that is representative of human physiology for efficacy studies, as well as the potential for adverse immune responses to animal products for regenerative medicine applications. The use of recombinant extracellular matrix proteins to fabricate tissues can overcome these limitations. We evaluated animal‐ and non‐animal‐derived scaffold proteins and glycosaminoglycans for the design of biomaterials for skin reconstruction in vitro. Screening of proteins from the dermal‐epidermal junction (collagen IV, laminin 5, and fibronectin) demonstrated that certain protein combinations when used as substrates increase the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes compared to the control (no protein). In the investigation of the effect of components from the dermal layer (collagen types I and III, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate), the primary influence on the viability of fibroblasts was attributed to the source of type I collagen (rat tail, human, or bovine) used as scaffold. Furthermore, incorporation of dermatan sulfate in the dermal layer led to a reduction in the contraction of tissues compared to the control where the dermal scaffold was composed primarily of collagen type I. This work highlights the influence of the composition of biomaterials on the development of complex reconstructed skin models that are suitable for clinical translation and in vitro safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Motter Catarino
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
| | - Katharina Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Tânia Baltazar
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
| | - Luiza Motter Catarino
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
- Department of Biomedicine Positivo University Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Jonathan R. Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
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10
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Wu KC, Cain G, Corpuz J, Xu D, Ljumanovic N, Zarrin AA. Tpl2 kinase regulates inflammation but not tumorigenesis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115494. [PMID: 33722668 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2, gene name MAP3K8), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, is widely expressed in immune and non-immune cells to integrate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), toll-like receptors (TLRs), and interleukin-1 (IL1) receptor signaling to regulate inflammatory response. Given its central role in inflammatory response, Tpl2 is an attractive small molecule drug target. However, the role of Tpl2 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene remains controversial, and its function outside immune cells is not understood. We therefore utilized a Tpl2 kinase dead (Tpl2-KD) mouse model in an 18-month aging study to further elucidate Tpl2 effects on lifespan and chronic disease. Histopathological studies revealed the incidence and severity of spontaneous tumors and non-neoplastic lesions were comparable between wild type and Tpl2-KD mice. The only finding was that male Tpl2-KD mice had higher bodyweight and an increased incidence of liver steatosis, suggesting a sex-specific role for Tpl2 in hepatic lipid metabolism. In conclusion, loss of Tpl2 kinase activity did not lead to increased tumorigenesis over aging in mice but affected likely alterations in lipid metabolism in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Connie Wu
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Gary Cain
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janice Corpuz
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daqi Xu
- Immunology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nina Ljumanovic
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Immunology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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11
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Joly-Tonetti N, Ondet T, Monshouwer M, Stamatas GN. EGFR inhibitors switch keratinocytes from a proliferative to a differentiative phenotype affecting epidermal development and barrier function. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33402117 PMCID: PMC7786949 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) associated with oncology therapy involve 45-100% of patients receiving kinase inhibitors. Such adverse reactions may include skin inflammation, infection, pruritus and dryness, symptoms that can significantly affect the patient's quality of life. To prevent severe skin damages dose adjustment or drug discontinuation is often required, interfering with the prescribed oncology treatment protocol. This is particularly the case of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) targeting carcinomas. Since the EGFR pathway is pivotal for epidermal keratinocytes, it is reasonable to hypothesize that EGFRi also affect these cells and therefore interfere with the epidermal structure formation and skin barrier function. METHODS To test this hypothesis, the effects of EGFRi and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors (VEGFRi) at therapeutically relevant concentrations (3, 10, 30, 100 nM) were assessed on proliferation and differentiation markers of human keratinocytes in a novel 3D micro-epidermis tissue culture model. RESULTS EGFRi directly affect basal keratinocyte growth, leading to tissue size reduction and switching keratinocytes from a proliferative to a differentiative phenotype, as evidenced by decreased Ki67 staining and increased filaggrin, desmoglein-1 and involucrin expression compared to control. These effects lead to skin barrier impairment, which can be observed in a reconstructed human epidermis model showing a decrease in trans-epidermal water loss rates. On the other hand, pan-kinase inhibitors mainly targeting VEGFR barely affect keratinocyte differentiation and rather promote a proliferative phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the clinically observed CADR during therapy with EGFRi. These in vitro results suggest a specific mode of action of EGFRi by directly affecting keratinocyte growth and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Joly-Tonetti
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, 1 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 92787, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Thomas Ondet
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, 1 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 92787, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Mario Monshouwer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Discovery Sciences, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Georgios N Stamatas
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, 1 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 92787, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
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12
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Sanabria-de la Torre R, Fernández-González A, Quiñones-Vico MI, Montero-Vilchez T, Arias-Santiago S. Bioengineered Skin Intended as In Vitro Model for Pharmacosmetics, Skin Disease Study and Environmental Skin Impact Analysis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E464. [PMID: 33142704 PMCID: PMC7694072 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to be an update of Bioengineered Artificial Skin Substitutes (BASS) applications. At the first moment, they were created as an attempt to replace native skin grafts transplantation. Nowadays, these in vitro models have been increasing and widening their application areas, becoming important tools for research. This study is focus on the ability to design in vitro BASS which have been demonstrated to be appropriate to develop new products in the cosmetic and pharmacology industry. Allowing to go deeper into the skin disease research, and to analyze the effects provoked by environmental stressful agents. The importance of BASS to replace animal experimentation is also highlighted. Furthermore, the BASS validation parameters approved by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) are also analyzed. This report presents an overview of the skin models applicable to skin research along with their design methods. Finally, the potential and limitations of the currently available BASS to supply the demands for disease modeling and pharmaceutical screening are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-González
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María I. Quiñones-Vico
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vilchez
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Dermatology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Granada University, 18016 Granada, Spain
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13
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Hardwick RN, Betts CJ, Whritenour J, Sura R, Thamsen M, Kaufman EH, Fabre K. Drug-induced skin toxicity: gaps in preclinical testing cascade as opportunities for complex in vitro models and assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:199-214. [PMID: 31598618 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as the principle barrier to the environment. Composed of multiple cell types arranged in stratified layers with highly specialized appendages, it serves sensory and immune surveillance roles in addition to its primary mechanical function. Several complex in vitro models of skin (i.e. microphysiological systems (MPS) including but not limited to 3D tissues, organ-on-a-chip, organoids), have been developed and assays validated for regulatory purposes. As such, skin is arguably the most advanced organ with respect to model development and adoption across industries including chemical, cosmetic, and to a somewhat lesser extent, pharmaceutical. Early adoption of complex skin models and associated assays for assessment of irritation and corrosion spurred research into other areas such as sensitization, absorption, phototoxicity, and genotoxicity. Despite such considerable advancements, opportunities remain for immune capabilities, inclusion of appendages such as hair follicles, fluidics, and innervation, among others. Herein, we provide an overview of current complex skin model capabilities and limitations within the drug development scheme, and recommendations for future model development and assay qualification and/or validation with the intent to facilitate wider adoption of use within the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Translational Safety Sciences, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Betts
- Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Pfizer, Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Maike Thamsen
- Pharmacology, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elad H Kaufman
- Biology, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Fabre
- MPS Center of Excellence, Drug Safety & Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
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14
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Belleghem SMV, Mahadik B, Snodderly KL, Fisher JP. Overview of Tissue Engineering Concepts and Applications. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Chen L, Wu M, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Li R, Lu Y, Liu L, Wu G, Liu Y, Xie L, Xu L. Skin Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles in a 3D Epidermal Model Compared to 2D Keratinocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9707-9719. [PMID: 31849463 PMCID: PMC6910103 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s225451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised concerns that AgNPs may induce toxic effects. In vitro studies of cell monolayers and in vivo studies have produced conflicting results. The inconsistency of these results has been mainly due to limitations of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell systems. Methods A three-dimensional (3D) epidermal model called EpiKutis®, which exhibits good tissue viability and barrier function was developed. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs against EpiKutis was compared to that against 2D keratinocytes at equivalent AgNPs doses (0.035, 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 ng per cell). The amount and distribution of AgNPs in the 3D EpiKutis and 2D keratinocytes after exposure were determined. The toxic mechanisms of AgNPs, such as oxidative stress and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were investigated. Results The results demonstrated that cell viability was greater than 80% and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release did not increase even at the highest dose of AgNPs in EpiKutis. In contrast, treatment of 2D keratinocytes with AgNPs resulted in dose-dependent decrease in cell viability from 63% to 11%, and a dose-dependent increase in LDH release from 8% to 16%. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs in 2D keratinocytes was related to oxidative damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. EpiKutis treated with AgNPs did not exhibit increased oxidative damage or inflammation, which may have been due to the barrier properties of the 3D structure, resulting in reduced penetration of AgNPs. At equivalent per cell doses, total silver penetration into EpiKutis was 0.9 ± 0.1%, and total silver penetration into 2D keratinocytes was 8.8 ± 0.6% detected by ICP-MS. The penetration and distribution of AgNPs in 2D keratinocytes were confirmed by the TEM-EDS analysis, which was not found in the 3D EpiKutis. These results showed that AgNPs penetrated EpiKutis to a lesser degree than they penetrated 2D keratinocytes, which suggested that EpiKutis exhibited significant barrier function. Discussion The results of this study showed that AgNP toxicity should be evaluated using 3D epidermal models, which may provide better estimates of in vivo conditions than 2D models. The EpiKutis model may be an ideal model for assessment of nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China.,Department of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Guangdong Biocell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Guangdong Biocell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Guangdong Biocell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xu
- NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China
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16
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Han JS, Kim YB, Park H, Im WJ, Kim WJ, Kim Y, Won JY, Son HY, Lee BS. In vitro skin irritation assessment using EpiDerm™: applicability for updating toxicity information of oxybenzone and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:361-368. [PMID: 31305169 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1631340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A skin irritation test using in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models was established for hazard identification of irritant chemicals in accordance with UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) category. In this study, EpiDerm™ was used to assess skin irritation by oxybenzone and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), which are widely used sunscreen and insect repellent components, respectively. EpiDerm™ was applied with oxybenzone and DEET, combined and sequentially with each single dose. Epidermal morphology and differentiation/proliferation were examined microscopically. Oxybenzone and sequential administration groups were determined as nonirritant with cell viability >50% and the morphology was comparable to the human epidermis. Contrastingly, the DEET and coadministration groups exhibited cell viability <50% and poor epidermal morphology. Interleukin (IL)-1α release from substance-treated EpiDerm™ increased inversely to cell viability, suggesting the pro-inflammatory reaction was initiated by DEET. CK-10, E-cadherin, Ki-67, laminin, and ceramide were identified as relevant markers to assess oxybenzone- or DEET-induced epidermal injury. In conclusion, these results may indicate to be aware of the possible skin irritation by indiscriminate use of oxybenzone and DEET without animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Jung Im
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yun Won
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd, Siheung-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Suhail S, Sardashti N, Jaiswal D, Rudraiah S, Misra M, Kumbar SG. Engineered Skin Tissue Equivalents for Product Evaluation and Therapeutic Applications. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900022. [PMID: 30977574 PMCID: PMC6615970 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current status of skin tissue equivalents that have emerged as relevant tools in commercial and therapeutic product development applications is reviewed. Due to the rise of animal welfare concerns, numerous companies have designed skin model alternatives to assess the efficacy of pharmaceutical, skincare, and cosmetic products in an in vitro setting, decreasing the dependency on such methods. Skin models have also made an impact in determining the root causes of skin diseases. When designing a skin model, there are various chemical and physical considerations that need to be considered to produce a biomimetic design. This includes designing a structure that mimics the structural characteristics and mechanical strength needed for tribological property measurement and toxicological testing. Recently, various commercial products have made significant progress towards achieving a native skin alternative. Further research involve the development of a functional bilayered model that mimics the constituent properties of the native epidermis and dermis. In this article, the skin models are divided into three categories: in vitro epidermal skin equivalents, in vitro full-thickness skin equivalents, and clinical skin equivalents. A description of skin model characteristics, testing methods, applications, and potential improvements is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Suhail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Naseem Sardashti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Devina Jaiswal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western New England University, 1215 Wilbrahan Road, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, 229 Trumbull St., Hartford CT 06103, USA
| | - Manoj Misra
- Unilever R&D, 40 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT 06611, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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18
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Rothenberg ME, Wang Y, Lekkerkerker A, Danilenko DM, Maciuca R, Erickson R, Herman A, Stefanich E, Lu TT. Randomized Phase I Healthy Volunteer Study of UTTR1147A (IL-22Fc): A Potential Therapy for Epithelial Injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:177-189. [PMID: 29952004 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most treatments for epithelial injury target hematopoietic mechanisms, possibly causing immunosuppression. Interleukin (IL)-22 promotes tissue regeneration, acting directly on epithelial cells. UTTR1147A, a human IL-22Fc (immunoglobulin G (IgG)4) fusion protein, activates IL-22 signaling. This phase I placebo-controlled trial of single, ascending, i.v. (1-120 μg/kg) and s.c (3-120 μg/kg) doses of UTTR1147A analyzed its effects on safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in healthy volunteers. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate. The maximum tolerated i.v. dose in healthy volunteers was 90 μg/kg. Predominant AEs were dose-dependent reversible skin effects consistent with IL-22 pharmacology. UTTR1147A exposure increased approximately dose-proportionally, with a half-life of ~1 week. IL-22 biomarkers (regenerating islet protein 3A (REG3A), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) increased dose-dependently. Neither inflammatory symptoms and signs nor cytokines increased with CRP elevations. UTTR1147A demonstrated acceptable safety, pharmacokinetics, and IL-22R engagement, supporting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yehong Wang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California,, USA
| | | | | | - Romeo Maciuca
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California,, USA
| | - Rich Erickson
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California,, USA
| | - Ann Herman
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California,, USA
| | | | - Timothy T Lu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California,, USA
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19
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Lee DW, Zhong S, Pai R, Rae J, Sukumaran S, Stefanich EG, Lutman J, Doudement E, Wang X, Harder B, Lekkerkerker A, Herman A, Ouyang W, Danilenko DM. Nonclinical safety assessment of a human interleukin-22FC IG fusion protein demonstrates in vitro to in vivo and cross-species translatability. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00434. [PMID: 30464842 PMCID: PMC6238097 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is produced by various leukocytes, it preferentially targets cells with epithelial origins. IL-22 exerts essential roles in modulating various tissue epithelial functions, such as innate host defense against extracellular pathogens, barrier integrity, regeneration, and wound healing. Therefore, IL-22 is thought to have therapeutic potential in treating diseases associated with infection, tissue injury or chronic tissue damage. A number of in vitro and in vivo nonclinical studies were conducted to characterize the pharmacological activity and safety parameters of UTTR1147A, an IL-22 recombinant fusion protein that links the human cytokine IL-22 with the Fc portion of a human immunoglobulin. To assess the pharmacological activity of UTTR1147A, STAT3 activation was evaluated in primary hepatocytes isolated from human, cynomolgus monkey, minipig, rat, and mouse after incubation with UTTR1147A. UTTR1147A activated STAT3 in all species evaluated, demonstrating that all were appropriate nonclinical species for toxicology studies. The nonclinical safety profile of UTTR1147A was evaluated in rats, minipigs, and cynomolgus monkeys to establish a safe clinical starting dose for humans in Phase I trials and to support clinical intravenous, subcutaneous and/or topical administration treatment regimen. Results demonstrate the cross-species translatability of the biological response in activating the IL-22 pathway as well as the translatability of findings from in vitro to in vivo systems. UTTR1147A was well tolerated in all species tested and induced the expected pharmacologic effects of epidermal hyperplasia and a transient increase in on-target acute phase proteins. These effects were all considered to be clinically predictable, manageable, monitorable, and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rama Pai
- CytokineticsSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julie Rae
- Genentech, IncSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Jeff Lutman
- Genentech, IncSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Herman
- Genentech, IncSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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20
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Kwak BS, Choi W, Jeon JW, Won JI, Sung GY, Kim B, Sung JH. In vitro 3D skin model using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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O’Neill BT, Beck EM, Butler CR, Nolan CE, Gonzales C, Zhang L, Doran SD, Lapham K, Buzon LM, Dutra JK, Barreiro G, Hou X, Martinez-Alsina LA, Rogers BN, Villalobos A, Murray JC, Ogilvie K, LaChapelle EA, Chang C, Lanyon LF, Steppan CM, Robshaw A, Hales K, Boucher GG, Pandher K, Houle C, Ambroise CW, Karanian D, Riddell D, Bales KR, Brodney MA. Design and Synthesis of Clinical Candidate PF-06751979: A Potent, Brain Penetrant, β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitor Lacking Hypopigmentation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4476-4504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. O’Neill
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher R. Butler
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cathleen Gonzales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gabriela Barreiro
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John C. Murray
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Ogilvie
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Erik A. LaChapelle
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley Robshaw
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Germaine G. Boucher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karamjeet Pandher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher Houle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claude W. Ambroise
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Karanian
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Riddell
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Mohammadi MH, Heidary Araghi B, Beydaghi V, Geraili A, Moradi F, Jafari P, Janmaleki M, Valente KP, Akbari M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Skin Diseases Modeling using Combined Tissue Engineering and Microfluidic Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2459-2480. [PMID: 27548388 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, both tissue engineering and microfluidics have significantly contributed in engineering of in vitro skin substitutes to test the penetration of chemicals or to replace damaged skins. Organ-on-chip platforms have been recently inspired by the integration of microfluidics and biomaterials in order to develop physiologically relevant disease models. However, the application of organ-on-chip on the development of skin disease models is still limited and needs to be further developed. The impact of tissue engineering, biomaterials and microfluidic platforms on the development of skin grafts and biomimetic in vitro skin models is reviewed. The integration of tissue engineering and microfluidics for the development of biomimetic skin-on-chip platforms is further discussed, not only to improve the performance of present skin models, but also for the development of novel skin disease platforms for drug screening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Ave Tehran Iran
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Ave Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Beydaghi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Ave Tehran Iran
| | - Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Ave Tehran Iran
| | - Farshid Moradi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Ave Tehran Iran
| | - Parya Jafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Ave Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Janmaleki
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada
| | - Karolina Papera Valente
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Center for Biomedical Research; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Center for Biomedical Research; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada
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