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Bajpai P, Agarwal S, Afaq F, Al Diffalha S, Chandrashekar DS, Kim HG, Shelton A, Miller CR, Singh SK, Singh R, Varambally S, Nagaraju GP, Manne A, Paluri R, Khushman M, Manne U. Combination of dual JAK/HDAC inhibitor with regorafenib synergistically reduces tumor growth, metastasis, and regorafenib-induced toxicity in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:192. [PMID: 38992681 PMCID: PMC11238352 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with regorafenib, a multiple-kinase inhibitor, to manage metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) shows a modest improvement in overall survival but is associated with severe toxicities. Thus, to reduce regorafenib-induced toxicity, we used regorafenib at low concentration along with a dual JAK/HDAC small-molecule inhibitor (JAK/HDACi) to leverage the advantages of both JAK and HDAC inhibition to enhance antitumor activity. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of the combination treatment was evaluated with CRC models. METHODS The cytotoxicity of JAK/HDACi, regorafenib, and their combination were tested with normal colonic and CRC cells exhibiting various genetic backgrounds. Kinomic, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, cell cycle, and apoptosis analyses were performed to evaluate the cellular functions/molecular alterations affected by the combination. Efficacy of the combination was assessed using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and experimental metastasis models of CRC. To evaluate the interplay between tumor, its microenvironment, and modulation of immune response, MC38 syngeneic mice were utilized. RESULTS The combination therapy decreased cell viability; phosphorylation of JAKs, STAT3, EGFR, and other key kinases; and inhibited deacetylation of histone H3K9, H4K8, and alpha tubulin proteins. It induced cell cycle arrest at G0-G1 phase and apoptosis of CRC cells. Whole transcriptomic analysis showed that combination treatment modulated molecules involved in apoptosis, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and focal adhesion pathways. It synergistically reduces PDX tumor growth and experimental metastasis, and, in a syngeneic mouse model, the treatment enhances the antitumor immune response as evidenced by higher infiltration of CD45 and cytotoxic cells. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that combination increased the bioavailability of regorafenib. CONCLUSIONS The combination treatment was more effective than with regorafenib or JAK/HDACi alone, and had minimal toxicity. A clinical trial to evaluate this combination for treatment of mCRCs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Hyung-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Santosh K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Ashish Manne
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ravi Paluri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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2
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Li Y, Yang Y, Li W, Chen C, Lin Q, Huang H, Gu Y, Jin X, Qian Z. Fiber optic-based integrated system for in vivo multiscale pharmacokinetic monitoring. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3770-3782. [PMID: 38867773 PMCID: PMC11166437 DOI: 10.1364/boe.523179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a fiber-optic-based fluorescence detection system for multi-scale monitoring of drug distribution in living animals. The integrated system utilized dual laser sources at the wavelengths of 488 nm and 650 nm and three photomultiplier channels for multi-color fluorescence detection. The emission spectra of fluorescent substances were tracked using the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy module to continuously monitor their blood kinetics. The fiber bundle, consisting of 30,000 optic filaments, was designed for wide-field mesoscopic imaging of the drug's interactions within organs. The inclusion of a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens within the setup enabled fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize the drug distribution at the cellular level. The system performance was verified by imaging hepatic and renal tissues in mice using cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and R3. By acquiring multi-level images and real-time data, our integrated system underscores its potential as a potent tool for drug assessment, specifically within the realms of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Chaofan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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3
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Deng B, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang D, Cheng L, Su P, Yu T, Bao G, Li G, Hong L, Miao X, Yang W, Wang R, Xie J. Novel Peptide DR3penA as a Low-Toxicity Antirenal Fibrosis Agent by Suppressing the TGF-β1/miR-212-5p/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Class a Domain Containing 4/Smad Axis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1126-1141. [PMID: 38633584 PMCID: PMC11020069 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a complex pathological process that contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease due to various risk factors. Conservative treatment to curb progression without dialysis or renal transplantation is widely applicable, but its effectiveness is limited. Here, the inhibitory effect of the novel peptide DR3penA (DHα-(4-pentenyl)-AlaNPQIR-NH2), which was developed by our group, on renal fibrosis was assessed in cells and mice with established fibrosis and fibrosis triggered by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), unilateral ureteral obstruction, and repeated low-dose cisplatin. DR3penA preserved renal function and ameliorated renal fibrosis at a dose approximately 100 times lower than that of captopril, which is currently used in the clinic. DR3penA also significantly reduced existing fibrosis and showed similar efficacy after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. Mechanistically, DR3penA repressed TGF-β1 signaling via miR-212-5p targeting of low-density lipoprotein receptor class a domain containing 4, which interacts with Smad2/3. In addition to having good pharmacological effects, DR3penA could preferentially target injured kidneys and exhibited low toxicity in acute and chronic toxicity experiments. These results unveil the advantages of DR3penA regarding efficacy and toxicity, making it a potential candidate compound for renal fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochuan Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Medical
Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University
Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ping Su
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingli Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangjun Bao
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University
Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liang Hong
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen
University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaokang Miao
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute
of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Brunelle LD, Batt AL, Chao A, Glassmeyer ST, Quinete N, Alvarez DA, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Mills MA, Aga DS. De facto Water Reuse: Investigating the Fate and Transport of Chemicals of Emerging Concern from Wastewater Discharge through Drinking Water Treatment Using Non-targeted Analysis and Suspect Screening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2468-2478. [PMID: 38252456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater is a source for many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and surface waters receiving wastewater discharge often serve as source water for downstream drinking water treatment plants. Nontargeted analysis and suspect screening methods were used to characterize chemicals in residence-time-weighted grab samples and companion polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) collected on three separate hydrologic sampling events along a surface water flow path representative of de facto water reuse. The goal of this work was to examine the fate of CECs along the study flow path as water is transported from wastewater effluent through drinking water treatment. Grab and POCIS samples provided a comparison between residence-time-weighted single-point and integrative sample results. This unique and rigorous study design, coupled with advanced analytical chemistry tools, provided important insights into chemicals found in drinking water and their potential sources, which can be used to help prioritize chemicals for further study. K-means clustering analysis was used to identify patterns in chemical occurrences across both sampling sites and sampling events. Chemical features that occurred frequently or survived drinking water treatment were prioritized for identification, resulting in the probable identification of over 100 CECs in the watershed and 28 CECs in treated drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Brunelle
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Angela L Batt
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Alex Chao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan T Glassmeyer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, Strategic Laboratory Services Branch, Laboratory Analytical Services Division, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Marc A Mills
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- University at Buffalo Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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5
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Stielow M, Witczyńska A, Kubryń N, Fijałkowski Ł, Nowaczyk J, Nowaczyk A. The Bioavailability of Drugs-The Current State of Knowledge. Molecules 2023; 28:8038. [PMID: 38138529 PMCID: PMC10745386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug bioavailability is a crucial aspect of pharmacology, affecting the effectiveness of drug therapy. Understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in patients' bodies is essential to ensure proper and safe treatment. This publication aims to highlight the relevance of drug bioavailability research and its importance in therapy. In addition to biochemical activity, bioavailability also plays a critical role in achieving the desired therapeutic effects. This may seem obvious, but it is worth noting that a drug can only produce the expected effect if the proper level of concentration can be achieved at the desired point in a patient's body. Given the differences between patients, drug dosages, and administration forms, understanding and controlling bioavailability has become a priority in pharmacology. This publication discusses the basic concepts of bioavailability and the factors affecting it. We also looked at various methods of assessing bioavailability, both in the laboratory and in the clinic. Notably, the introduction of new technologies and tools in this field is vital to achieve advances in drug bioavailability research. This publication also discusses cases of drugs with poorly described bioavailability, providing a deeper understanding of the complex challenges they pose to medical researchers and practitioners. Simultaneously, the article focuses on the perspectives and trends that may shape the future of research regarding bioavailability, which is crucial to the development of modern pharmacology and drug therapy. In this context, the publication offers an essential, meaningful contribution toward understanding and highlighting bioavailability's role in reliable patient treatment. The text also identifies areas that require further research and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrianna Witczyńska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 Jurasza Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.W.); (N.K.); (Ł.F.)
| | - Natalia Kubryń
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 Jurasza Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.W.); (N.K.); (Ł.F.)
| | - Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 Jurasza Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.W.); (N.K.); (Ł.F.)
| | - Jacek Nowaczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 Jurasza Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.W.); (N.K.); (Ł.F.)
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6
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Al-Kazimi N, Jarrar Y, Abdul-Wahab G, Alsayed AR, Madani A, Abulebdah D, Musleh RS, Jarrar Q, Al-Ameer HJ, Al-Awaida W, Abdullah E. Effects of intermittent fasting on the histology and mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice. Libyan J Med 2023; 18:2270188. [PMID: 37883503 PMCID: PMC11018316 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2270188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:There is a variation in drug response among patients who practice intermittent fasting. Alteration in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can affect the pharmacokinetics and drug response.Aims: This research aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting on the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice.Methods: Thirty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; control, nonfasting diabetic, non-diabetic fasting, and diabetic fasting mice. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced in mice by a single high-dose (250 mg/kg) streptozocin. Mice of non-diabetic and diabetic fasting groups were subjected to 10-day intermittent fasting for 17 hours daily. Then, the mRNA expression of mouse phase I DMEs cyp1a1, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp3a11 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the liver of mice in all groups was examined for pathohistological alterations.Results: Diabetes downregulated the mRNA expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing cyp450s in diabetic mice, while intermittent fasting significantly (P < 0.05) increased it. Also, cyp2d9 and cyp3a11 were upregulated in the liver of diabetic fasting mice. These alterations in the gene expression were correlated with the pathohistological alterations, where livers of diabetic mice showed dilatation in the blood sinusoids and inflammatory cells leukocyte infiltrations. Whereas livers of diabetic fasting mice showed almost comparable histological findings to control mice.Conclusions: Intermittent fasting can protect the liver against diabetes-induced hepatotoxicity and the down-regulation of DME genes in the diabetic liver. These results can explain, at least partly, the inter-individual variation in the drug response during practicing fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al-Kazimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ghasaq Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmad R. Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Salem Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Eman Abdullah
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
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Qigang N, Afra A, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Turki Jalil A, Mohammadi MJ, Gatea MA, Efriza, Asban P, Mousavi SK, Kanani P, Mombeni Kazemi F, Hormati M, Kiani F. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2023-0070. [PMID: 37775307 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are part of particulate matter (PM), which is produced from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Biomarkers mean biological indicators, molecules that indicate a normal or abnormal process in the body and may be a sign of a condition or disease. Studies show that PAHs increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases through processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present study focused on the evaluation of health effects PAHs biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this narrative study, data were collected from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of science and Google Scholar in the period 1975-2023. After screening, duplicate and irrelevant articles were removed. Finally, 68 articles related to the effect of PAHs on CVD were included in the study. In addition to the articles found through the search in databases, another 18 articles from the references of the selected articles were included. According to the finding in during the biotransformation of PAH, a number of metabolites are made, such as phenols, diols, quinones, and epoxides. Phenolic isomers have the highest percentage and biomarkers used for their detection include 2-OHNAP used to trace naphthalene from heating processed food, 3-OHPHEN used to trace phenanthrene from diesel, 2-OHFLU used to trace fluorene and 1-OHPYR used to trace pyrene from cigarette and hookah smoke. According to the result, increasing blood pressure and heart rate and causing atherosclerosis are the main complications due to exposure to PAH metabolite on cardiovascular system. The most important agents that causes this affects including increased homocysteine, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum biomarkers of C-reactive protein, and triglycerides. Result this study showed that cardiovascular diseases risk is increased by exposure to PAH biomarkers from smoking, car emissions, occupational exposure, and incinerators. Therefore, strict controls should be implemented for sources of PAH production and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Qigang
- Physician Department of the Health Team of the 32152 Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, The Health Team of the 32152 Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Arghavan Afra
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Research group in educational statistics (GIEE), National University of Education (UNAE), Azogues, Ecuador
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Abdulfadhil Gatea
- Technical Engineering Department College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Efriza
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Fort De Kock University, Bukittinggi, Indonesia
| | - Parisa Asban
- Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyede Kosar Mousavi
- Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parnia Kanani
- Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mombeni Kazemi
- Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormati
- Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiani
- Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Bowen TJ, Southam AD, Hall AR, Weber RJM, Lloyd GR, Macdonald R, Wilson A, Pointon A, Viant MR. Simultaneously discovering the fate and biochemical effects of pharmaceuticals through untargeted metabolomics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4653. [PMID: 37537184 PMCID: PMC10400635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is an established approach in toxicology for characterising endogenous metabolic responses to xenobiotic exposure. Detecting the xenobiotic and its biotransformation products as part of the metabolomics analysis provides an opportunity to simultaneously gain deep insights into its fate and metabolism, and to associate the internal relative dose directly with endogenous metabolic responses. This integration of untargeted exposure and response measurements into a single assay has yet to be fully demonstrated. Here we assemble a workflow to discover and analyse pharmaceutical-related measurements from routine untargeted UHPLC-MS metabolomics datasets, derived from in vivo (rat plasma and cardiac tissue, and human plasma) and in vitro (human cardiomyocytes) studies that were principally designed to investigate endogenous metabolic responses to drug exposure. Our findings clearly demonstrate how untargeted metabolomics can discover extensive biotransformation maps, temporally-changing relative systemic exposure, and direct associations of endogenous biochemical responses to the internal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J Bowen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew D Southam
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralf J M Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gavin R Lloyd
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruth Macdonald
- Animal Sciences and Technology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Yang J, Lee SY, Jang SK, Kim KJ, Park MJ. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Essential Oils from the Peels of Citrus Cultivars. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1595. [PMID: 37376044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus cultivars have remarkable health benefits, but only the anti-inflammatory activities of the major varieties have been studied. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of various citrus cultivars and their active anti-inflammatory components. The essential oils of 21 citrus peels were extracted via hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed. D-Limonene was the most abundant constituent. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the citrus cultivars, the gene expression levels of an inflammatory mediator and proinflammatory cytokines were investigated. Among the 21 essential oils, those extracted from C. japonica and C. maxima exhibited superior anti-inflammatory activities, being able to inhibit the expression of the inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The essential oils of C. japonica and C. maxima were distinguished into seven distinct constituents, α-pinene, myrcene, D-limonene, β-ocimene, linalool, linalool oxide, and α-terpineol, compared with other essential oils. The anti-inflammatory activities of the seven single compounds significantly inhibited the levels of inflammation-related factors. In particular, α-terpineol exhibited a superior anti-inflammatory effect. This study showed that the essential oils from C. japonica and C. maxima exhibit high anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, α-terpineol is an active anti-inflammatory compound that contributes to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Yang
- Forest Industrial Materials Division, Forest Products and Industry Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Forest Industrial Materials Division, Forest Products and Industry Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Forest Industrial Materials Division, Forest Products and Industry Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Park
- Forest Industrial Materials Division, Forest Products and Industry Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
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10
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Varga L, Fenner K, Singer H, Honti M. From market to environment - consumption-normalised pharmaceutical emissions in the Rhine catchment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120017. [PMID: 37172372 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct and indirect threats by organic micropollutants can only be reliably assessed and prevented if the exposure to these chemicals is known, which in turn requires a confident estimate of their emitted amounts into the environment. APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) enter surface waters mostly through the sewer system and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, their effluent fluxes are highly variable and influenced by several different factors that challenge robust emission estimates. Here, we defined a dimensionless, theoretically consumption-independent 'escape factor' (kesc) for estimating the amount of APIs (expected to be) present in WWTP effluents. The factor is determined as the proportion of marketed and actually emitted amounts of APIs. A large collection of German and Swiss monitoring datasets were analyzed to calculate stochastic kesc values for 31 APIs, reflecting both the magnitude and uncertainty of consumption-normalised emissions. Escape factors provide an easy-to-use tool for the estimation of average API emissions and expected variability from numerous WWTPs given that consumption data are provided, thereby supporting simulation modeling of the fate of APIs in stream networks or exposure assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Varga
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary.
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Mark Honti
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
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11
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Bakulina NV, Tikhonov SV, Okovityi SV, Lutaenko EA, Bolshakov AO, Prikhodko VA, Nekrasova AS. [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rebamipide. New possibilities of therapy: A review]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 94:1431-1437. [PMID: 37167190 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.12.202000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MedLine database contains 570 publications, including 71 randomized clinical trials and 6 meta-analyses on the rebamipide molecule in 2022. Indications for the use of rebamipide are gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis with hyperacidityin the acute stage, erosive gastritis, prevention of damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa while taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Currently trials are studying the efficacy and safety of the drug in gouty and rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, bronchial asthma, vitiligo, atherosclerosis, diseases of the kidneys and liver; using in traumatology to accelerate bone regeneration; in ophthalmology to improve the regeneration of corneal epithelium; in oncology to reduce inflammatory changes in the oral mucosa after chemoradiotherapy. The review article is about the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of rebamipide. A detailed understanding of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics allows for individual selection of therapy based on the characteristics of the patient's body - gender, age, comorbidities; choose the optimal route of administration and dosing regimen; predict adverse effects and drug interactions; be determined with new clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bakulina
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
| | - S V Tikhonov
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
| | - S V Okovityi
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University
| | - E A Lutaenko
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
| | | | - V A Prikhodko
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University
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12
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Quintana-Sosa M, León-Mejía G, Narváez DM, Suarez-Arnedo A, Restrepo HGD, De Moya YS, Ruiz-Benitez M, Valencia KF, Trindade C, Miranda-Guevara A, Dias J, Henriques JAP, da Silva J. Association of buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMNCyt) biomarkers with inorganic element concentration and genetic polymorphisms in welders. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104025. [PMID: 36460284 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes are classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of the present study was to measure buccal micronucleus cytome assay biomarkers and to evaluate their association with inorganic elements and genetic polymorphisms (XRCC1, OGG1, XRCC3, GSTM1, and GSTT1) in welders (n = 98) and control individuals (n = 100). Higher levels of DNA damage and cell death were observed in the exposed group. Also, a significant correlation between the frequency of micronuclei and Na, Si, Cl, Ti, Cr, Zn and Mg concentrations. The formation of micronuclei, binucleated cells, cell death was associated with polymorphisms in repair pathways. The OGG1Ser326Cys and XRCC3 241Thr/Met genotypes were associated with cell death. Individuals with GSTM1 null genotype had a higher frequency of micronuclei. These results demonstrate that the deleterious effects of exposure to welding fumes are exacerbated by lifestyle habits, and genetic polymorphisms can influence DNA damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Grethel León-Mejía
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Diana M Narváez
- Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Yurina Sh De Moya
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz-Benitez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karen Franco Valencia
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Miranda-Guevara
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Johnny Dias
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) & Universidade La Salle (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Wang Z, Xie Y, Yu M, Yang S, Lu Y, Du G. Recent Advances on the Biological Study of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:303. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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A 2022 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Enriched Therapeutic Diets and Nutraceuticals in Canine and Feline Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810384. [PMID: 36142319 PMCID: PMC9499673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With osteoarthritis being the most common degenerative disease in pet animals, a very broad panel of natural health products is available on the market for its management. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021279368), was to test for the evidence of clinical analgesia efficacy of fortified foods and nutraceuticals administered in dogs and cats affected by osteoarthritis. In four electronic bibliographic databases, 1578 publications were retrieved plus 20 additional publications from internal sources. Fifty-seven articles were included, comprising 72 trials divided into nine different categories of natural health compound. The efficacy assessment, associated to the level of quality of each trial, presented an evident clinical analgesic efficacy for omega-3-enriched diets, omega-3 supplements and cannabidiol (to a lesser degree). Our analyses showed a weak efficacy of collagen and a very marked non-effect of chondroitin-glucosamine nutraceuticals, which leads us to recommend that the latter products should no longer be recommended for pain management in canine and feline osteoarthritis.
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15
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Basheeruddin M, Khan S, Ahmed N, Jamal S. Effect of pH on Diclofenac-Lysozyme Interaction: Structural and Functional Aspect. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:872905. [PMID: 35898307 PMCID: PMC9309515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.872905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac (DCF) is used in the treatment of a variety of human ailments. It has already been reported that the use of this class of drugs for a longer duration is associated with numerous side effects such as cardiovascular implications, reno-medullary complications, etc. In the present study, the effect of DCF on the structure, stability, and function of lysozyme was studied. The study was designed to examine the effect of DCF only at various pH values. Heat-induced denaturation of lysozyme was analyzed in the presence and absence of various molar concentrations of DCF at different pH values. The values of thermodynamic parameters, the midpoint of denaturation (T m), enthalpy change at T m (ΔH m), constant pressure heat capacity change (ΔC p), and Gibbs energy change at 25°C (ΔG D o), thus obtained under a given set of conditions (pH and molar concentration of DCF), demonstrated the following 1) DCF destabilized lysozyme with respect of T m and ΔG D o at all the pH values, 2) the magnitude of protein destabilization is lesser at acidic pH than at physiological pH, 3) structural changes in lysozyme are less projecting at pH 2.0 than at pH 7.0, and 4) quenching is observed at both pH values. Furthermore, the process of protein destabilization in the presence of DCF is entropically driven.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shazia Jamal
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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16
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Budi HS, Anitasari S, Ulfa NM, Juliastuti WS, Aljunaid M, Ramadan DE, Muzari K, Shen YK. Topical Medicine Potency of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze as Oral Gel for Wound Healing: An In Vitro, In Vivo Study. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:848-855. [PMID: 35181871 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Topical application of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze) stem sap gel (GEGPA) on the socket wound area showed an increase in the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, while decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9. The aim of this study is to achieve standard formulation of GEGPA through stability, viscosity, distribution area, and drugs release for oral gel wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an in vitro and in vivo study with the randomized posttest only control group design. The gel was formulated according to the composition of each group by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Lexgard, propylene glycol, and cold water to obtain 100 g of gel. Observations were made through the following tests: stability, viscosity, distribution area, drug release, and histopathological analysis of tooth extraction wound healing. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) with GraphPad Prism-8 statistical software. RESULTS The study showed that the GEGPA formulation was stable against changes in consistency, color, smell, homogeneity, and pH value. There is a significant difference between groups with respect to viscosity (p = 0.0001), adhesion (p = 0.004), dispersion (p = 0.000), and fibroblast cell numbers on days 3 and 5 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001). There is no interaction between the active ingredients and the gel base of all formulations. Formulation 3 had better properties in terms of viscosity, broad distribution, and drug release compared with other groups. Application of GEGPA to tooth extraction wounds showed a significant proliferation of fibroblast cells on days 3 and 5. CONCLUSIONS The formulation of M. paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze extract with HPMC and propylene glycol obtained a gel preparation, GEGPA, that was organoleptically stable and met the topical gel standard for wounds in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Silvia Anitasari
- Department of Dental Material and Devices, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | | | - Wisnu Setyari Juliastuti
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Koko Muzari
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yung-Kang Shen
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Wan Z, Sun R, Liu YW, Li S, Sun J, Li J, Zhu J, Moharil P, Zhang B, Ren P, Ren G, Zhang M, Ma X, Dai S, Yang D, Lu B, Li S. Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 for cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj4226. [PMID: 34890233 PMCID: PMC8664261 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (GRM4) in suppressing antitumor immunity. We revealed in three murine syngeneic tumor models (B16, MC38, and 3LL) that either genetic knockout (Grm4−/−) or pharmacological inhibition led to significant delay in tumor growth. Mechanistically, perturbation of GRM4 resulted in a strong antitumor immunity by promoting natural killer (NK), CD4+, and CD8+ T cells toward an activated, proliferative, and functional phenotype. Single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor profiling further defined the clonal expansion and immune landscape changes in CD8+ T cells. We further showed that Grm4−/− intrinsically activated interferon-γ production in CD8+ T cells through cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP response element binding protein–mediated pathway. Our study appears to be of clinical significance as a signature of NKhigh-GRM4low and CD8high-GRM4low correlated with improved survival in patients with melanoma. Targeting GRM4 represents a new approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Wan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pearl Moharil
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Guolian Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Dai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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18
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Ivashchenko DA, Cerqueira NM, Magalhães AL. Improving computational modeling coupled with ion mobility-mass spectrometry data for efficient drug metabolite structural determination. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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The Reduction of the Combined Effects of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A in Piglet Livers and Kidneys by Dietary Antioxidants. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090648. [PMID: 34564652 PMCID: PMC8472784 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A on protein expression and catalytic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A29 and GSTA1 and the preventive effect of dietary byproduct antioxidants administration against these mycotoxin damage. Three experimental groups (E1, E2, E3) and one control group (C) of piglets after weaning (TOPIGS-40 hybrid) were fed with experimental diets for 30 days. A basal diet containing normal compound feed for starter piglets was used as a control treatment and free of mycotoxin. The experimental groups were fed as follows: E1—basal diet plus a mixture (1:1) of two byproducts (grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal), E2—the basal diet experimentally contaminated with mycotoxins (479 ppb OTA and 62ppb AFB1) and E3—basal diet containing 5% of the mixture (1:1) of grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal and contaminated with the mix of OTA and AFB1. After 4 weeks, the animals were slaughtered, and tissue samples were taken from liver and kidney in order to perform microsomal fraction isolation, followed by protein expression and enzymatic analyses. The protein expressions of CYP2E1 and CYP3A29 were up-regulated in an insignificant manner in liver, whereas in kidney, those of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A29 were down-regulated. The enzymatic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A29 decreased in liver, in a significant manner, whereas in kidney, these increased significantly. The co-presence of the two mycotoxins and the mixture of grape seed and sea buckthorn meal generated a tendency to return to the control values, which suggest that grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal waste represent a promising source in counteracting the harmful effect of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B.
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20
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Sturm S, Högner C, Seger C, Stuppner H. Combining HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS and HPLC-SPE-NMR to Monitor In Vitro Vitetrifolin D Phase I and II Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:529. [PMID: 34436470 PMCID: PMC8400717 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS and HPLC-SPE-NMR, the in vitro metabolism of vitetrifolin D, a pharmacologically active key molecule from Vitex agnus-castus in liver cell fractions, was investigated. Twenty-seven phase I and phase II metabolites were tentatively identified from the culture broth by HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. The subsequent HPLC-SPE-NMR analysis allowed for the unequivocal structural characterization of nine phase I metabolites. Since the preparative isolation of the metabolites was avoided, the substance input was much lower than in conventional strategies. The study did prove that the use of hyphenated instrumental analysis methodologies allows for the successful performance of in vitro metabolism studies, even if the availability of substances is very limited.
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21
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Ramadan Q, Fardous RS, Hazaymeh R, Alshmmari S, Zourob M. Pharmacokinetics-On-a-Chip: In Vitro Microphysiological Models for Emulating of Drugs ADME. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100775. [PMID: 34323392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many ongoing efforts across the full spectrum of pharmaceutical and biotech industries, drug development is still a costly undertaking that involves a high risk of failure during clinical trials. Animal models played vital roles in understanding the mechanism of human diseases. However, the use of these models has been a subject of heated debate, particularly due to ethical matters and the inevitable pathophysiological differences between animals and humans. Current in vitro models lack the sufficient functionality and predictivity of human pharmacokinetics and toxicity, therefore, are not capable to fully replace animal models. The recent development of micro-physiological systems has shown great potential as indispensable tools for recapitulating key physiological parameters of humans and providing in vitro methods for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans. Integration of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) processes within one close in vitro system is a paramount development that would meet important unmet pharmaceutical industry needs. In this review paper, synthesis of the ADME-centered organ-on-a-chip technology is systemically presented from what is achieved to what needs to be done, emphasizing the requirements of in vitro models that meet industrial needs in terms of the structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa Saleem Fardous
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Hazaymeh
- Almaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshmmari
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, 13513-7148, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Böhmer VI, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Elsinga PH. Multivalent Probes in Molecular Imaging: Reality or Future? Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:379-393. [PMID: 33436332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly developing field of molecular medical imaging focuses on specific visualization of (patho)physiological processes through the application of imaging agents (IAs) in multiple clinical modalities. Although our understanding of the principles underlying efficient IAs design has increased tremendously, many IAs still show poor in vivo imaging performance because of low binding affinity and/or specificity. These limitations can be addressed by taking advantage of multivalency, in which multiple copies of a ligand are employed to strengthen the interaction. We critically address specific challenges associated with the application of multivalent compounds in molecular imaging, and we give directions for a stepwise approach to the design of multivalent imaging probes to improve their target binding and pharmacokinetics (PK) for improved diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena I Böhmer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Veale CGL. Into the Fray! A Beginner's Guide to Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1199-1225. [PMID: 33591595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Modern medicinal chemistry is a complex, multidimensional discipline that operates at the interface of the chemical and biological sciences. The medicinal chemistry contribution to drug discovery is typically described in the context of the well-recited linear progression of the drug discovery pipeline. However, compound optimization is idiosyncratic to each project, and clear definitions of hit and lead molecules and the subsequent progress along the pipeline becomes easily blurred. In addition, this description lacks insight into the entangled relationship between chemical and pharmacological properties, and thus provides limited guidance on how innovative medicinal chemistry strategies can be applied to solve optimization problems, regardless of the stage in the pipeline. Through discussion and illustrative examples, this article seeks to provide insights into the finesse of medicinal chemistry and the subtlety of balancing chemical properties pharmacology. In so doing, it aims to serve as an accessible and simple-to-digest guide for anyone who wishes to learn about the underlying principles of medicinal chemistry, in a context that has been decoupled from the pipeline description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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24
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Yip C, Okada NC, Howerton A, Amei A, Abel-Santos E. Pharmacokinetics of CamSA, a potential prophylactic compound against Clostridioides difficile infections. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:114314. [PMID: 33152344 PMCID: PMC7770080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. C. difficile produces dormant spores that serve as infectious agents. Bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract signal spores to germinate into toxin-producing cells. As spore germination is required for CDI onset, anti-germination compounds may serve as prophylactics. CamSA, a synthetic bile salt, was previously shown to inhibit C. difficile spore germination in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, a single dose of CamSA was sufficient to offer multi-day protection from CDI in mice without any observable toxicity. To study this intriguing protection pattern, we examined the pharmacokinetic parameters of CamSA. CamSA was stable to the gut of antibiotic-treated mice but was extensively degraded by the microbiota of non-antibiotic-treated animals. Our data also suggest that CamSA's systemic absorption is minimal since it is retained primarily in the intestinal lumen and liver. CamSA shows weak interactions with CYP3A4, a P450 hepatic isozyme involved in drug metabolism and bile salt modification. Like other bile salts, CamSA seems to undergo enterohepatic circulation. We hypothesize that the cycling of CamSA between the liver and intestines serves as a slow-release mechanism that allows CamSA to be retained in the gastrointestinal tract for days. This model explains how a single CamSA dose can prevent murine CDI even though spores are present in the animal's intestine for up to four days post-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yip
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Naomi C Okada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Amber Howerton
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, Nevada State College, 1300 Nevada State Drive, Henderson, Nevada, 89002, United States
| | - Amei Amei
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Ernesto Abel-Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States.
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25
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López-Yerena A, Perez M, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Escribano-Ferrer E. Insights into the Binding of Dietary Phenolic Compounds to Human Serum Albumin and Food-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1123. [PMID: 33233356 PMCID: PMC7700232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of drugs and dietary phenolic compounds in the systemic circulation de-pends on, among other factors, unspecific/specific reversible binding to plasma proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA). Phenolic substances, present in plant-derived feeds, foods, beverages, herbal medicines, and dietary supplements, are of great interest due to their biological activity. Recently, considerable research has been directed at the formation of phenol-HSA complexes, focusing above all on structure-affinity relationships. The nucleophilicity and planarity of molecules can be altered by the number and position of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring and by hydrogenation. Binding affinities towards HSA may also differ between phenolic compounds in their native form and conjugates derived from phase II reactions. On the other hand, food-drug interactions may increase the concentration of free drugs in the blood, affecting their transport and/or disposition and in some cases provoking adverse or toxic effects. This is caused mainly by a decrease in drug binding affinities for HSA in the presence of flavonoids. Accordingly, to avoid the side effects arising from changes in plasma protein binding, the intake of flavonoid-rich food and beverages should be taken into consideration when treating certain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anallely López-Yerena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.)
| | - Maria Perez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Group I+D+I Associated Unit to CSIC, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Biophysical Insight into the Interaction of Human Lysozyme with Anticancer Drug Anastrozole: A Multitechnique Approach. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8363685. [PMID: 32908463 PMCID: PMC7468670 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8363685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we employ fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and molecular docking methods. Binding of anticancer drug anastrozole with human lysozyme (HL) is studied. Binding of anastrozole to HL is moderate but spontaneous. There is anastrozole persuaded hydrodynamic change in HL, leading to molecular compaction. Binding of anastrozole to HL also decreased in vitro lytic activity of HL. Molecular docking results suggest the electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces played key role in binding interaction of anastrozole near the catalytic site. Binding interaction of anastrozole to proteins other than major transport proteins in blood can significantly affect pharmacokinetics of this molecule. Hence, rationalizing drug dosage is important. This study also points to unrelated effects that small molecules bring in the body that are considerable and need thorough investigation.
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27
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Noor A, Hayne DJ, Lim S, Van Zuylekom JK, Cullinane C, Roselt PD, McLean CA, White JM, Donnelly PS. Copper Bis(thiosemicarbazonato)-stilbenyl Complexes That Bind to Amyloid-β Plaques. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11658-11669. [PMID: 32799487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β plaques. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with tracers radiolabeled with positron-emitting radionuclides that bind to amyloid-β plaques can assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. With the goal of designing new imaging agents radiolabeled with positron-emitting copper-64 radionuclides that bind to amyloid-β plaques, a family of bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands with appended substituted stilbenyl functional groups has been prepared. The ligands form charge-neutral and stable complexes with copper(II). The new ligands can be radiolabeled with copper-64 at room temperature. Two lead complexes were demonstrated to bind to amyloid-β plaques present in post-mortem brain tissue from subjects with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and crossed the blood-brain barrier in mice. The work presented here provides strategies to prepare compounds with radionuclides of copper that can be used for targeted brain PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria 3181, Australia
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28
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Schudok M, Glombik H, Derdau V. The magic of small structure differences in a sodium-glucose cotransporter drug discovery project- 14 C-labelled drug candidates in a key-differentiating study. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 64:73-76. [PMID: 32633850 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe the dramatic differences in the synthesis and physiological and pharmacokinetical profiling of two sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) drug candidates AVE2268 and AVE8887 with very similar chemical structures. It is a classic example of how a radioactive study was able to spare resources in preclinical development prior to entering a costly clinical program. It also demonstrated that radioactive compounds can be used to study differences between two very similar compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schudok
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Germany Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiner Glombik
- Research and Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Germany GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- Research and Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Germany GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
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29
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Hou R, Xu Y, Rao K, Feng C, Wang Z. Tissue-specific bioaccumulation, metabolism and excretion of tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) in rare minnow (Gobiocyprisrarus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114245. [PMID: 32220757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) analogues and is commonly detected in surface water and sediments. Limited information is available about the metabolic pathway or metabolite formation related to TEHP in fish. In this study, rare minnows (Gobiocyprisrarus) were exposed to TEHP in static water for 30 d to investigate the bioaccumulation and metabolite distribution in the fish muscle, liver, kidney, gill, GI-tract, ovary and testis. Based on the estimated kup,parent and kd,parent values, the bioconcentration factors (BCFparent) of TEHP in fish tissues were calculated in the order of kidney > ovary ≈ liver ≈ testis > gill ≈ GI-tract > muscle; this finding was consistent with the results of our previous study on other alkyl-substituted OPFRs. In addition, this study identified the metabolic profiles of TEHP in the liver. TEHP was oxidatively metabolized by the fish to a dealkylated metabolite (di 2-ethylhexyl phosphate; DEHP) and hydroxylated TEHP (OH-TEHP). OH-TEHP further underwent extensive phase II metabolism to yield glucuronic acid conjugates. DEHP was mainly distributed in rare minnow in the following order: liver > GI-tract > kidney ≫ other tissues. However, the metabolite showed lower accumulation potential in fish tissues than TEHP, with metabolite parent concentration factors (MPCFs) for DEHP of less than 0.1 in all the investigated tissues. The BCFparent values of TEHP in various fish tissues were only 9.0 × 10-3-7.2 × 10-4 times its estimated tissue-water partition coefficient (Ktissue-water) values based on tissue lipid, protein and water contents, which indicated the significance of biotransformation in reducing the bioaccumulation potential of TEHP in fish. The toxicokinetic data in the present study help in understanding the tissue-specific bioaccumulation and metabolism pathways of TEHP in fish and highlight the importance of toxicology research on TEHP metabolites in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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30
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Taavitsainen P, Gieschen H, Korjamo T, Kähkönen M, Malmström C, Prien O, Niehues M, Sandmann S, Janssen W, Koskinen M. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of darolutamide (a novel non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist) in rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:967-979. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1723038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olaf Prien
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Genetic studies of urinary metabolites illuminate mechanisms of detoxification and excretion in humans. Nat Genet 2020; 52:167-176. [PMID: 31959995 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys integrate information from continuous systemic processes related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of metabolites. To identify underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed genome-wide association studies of the urinary concentrations of 1,172 metabolites among 1,627 patients with reduced kidney function. The 240 unique metabolite-locus associations (metabolite quantitative trait loci, mQTLs) that were identified and replicated highlight novel candidate substrates for transport proteins. The identified genes are enriched in ADME-relevant tissues and cell types, and they reveal novel candidates for biotransformation and detoxification reactions. Fine mapping of mQTLs and integration with single-cell gene expression permitted the prioritization of causal genes, functional variants and target cell types. The combination of mQTLs with genetic and health information from 450,000 UK Biobank participants illuminated metabolic mediators, and hence, novel urinary biomarkers of disease risk. This comprehensive resource of genetic targets and their substrates is informative for ADME processes in humans and is relevant to basic science, clinical medicine and pharmaceutical research.
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Lammers LA, Achterbergh R, Mathôt RAA, Romijn JA. The effects of fasting on drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 16:79-85. [PMID: 31851534 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1706728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There is considerable variability in the rates and extent of drug metabolism between patients due to physiological, genetic, pharmacologic, environmental and nutritional factors such as fasting. This variability in drug metabolism may result in treatment failure or, conversely, in increased side effects or toxicity. Preclinical studies have shown that fasting alters drug metabolism by modulating the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes involved. However, until recently little was known about the effects of fasting on drug metabolism in humans.Areas covered: This review describes the effects of fasting on drug metabolism based on both preclinical studies and studies performed in humans.Expert opinion: A better understanding of the effects of fasting may improve the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for individual patients. Fasting contributes to variability in human drug metabolism by differentially affecting drug metabolizing enzymes. Although the effects of fasting on drug metabolism appear to be small (between 10-20%), fasting may be relevant for drugs with a small therapeutic range and/or in combination with other factors that contribute to variability in drug metabolism such as physiological, genetic or pharmacological factors. Therefore, additional research on this topic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen A Lammers
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roos Achterbergh
- Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A A Mathôt
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lazzara PR, Moore TW. Scaffold-hopping as a strategy to address metabolic liabilities of aromatic compounds. RSC Med Chem 2019; 11:18-29. [PMID: 33479602 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and minimizing oxidative metabolism of aromatic compounds is a key hurdle in lead optimization. Metabolic processes not only clear compounds from the body, but they can also transform parent compounds into reactive metabolites. One particularly useful strategy when addressing metabolically labile or oxidation-prone structures is scaffold-hopping. Replacement of an aromatic system with a more electron-deficient ring system can often increase robustness towards cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation while conserving the structural requirements of the pharmacophore. The most common example of this substitution strategy, replacement of a phenyl ring with a pyridyl substituent, is prevalent throughout the literature; however scaffold-hopping encompasses a much wider scope of heterocycle replacement. This review will showcase recent examples where different scaffold-hopping approaches were used to reduce metabolic clearance or block the formation of reactive metabolites. Additionally, we will highlight considerations that should be made to garner the most benefit from a scaffold-hopping strategy for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Lazzara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street , Chicago , IL 60612 , USA .
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street , Chicago , IL 60612 , USA . .,University of Illinois Cancer Center , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1801 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , IL 60612 , USA
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34
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Allijn IE, Brinkhuis RP, Storm G, Schiffelers RM. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plant Derived Natural Products - A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4506-4536. [PMID: 31119997 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666190523123357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, natural medicines have been administered as plant extracts, which are composed of a mixture of molecules. The individual molecular species in this mixture may or may not contribute to the overall medicinal effects and some may even oppose the beneficial activity of others. To better control therapeutic effects, studies that characterized specific molecules and describe their individual activity that have been performed over the past decades. These studies appear to underline that natural products are particularly effective as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. In this systematic review we aimed to identify potent anti-inflammatory natural products and relate their efficacy to their chemical structure and physicochemical properties. To identify these compounds, we performed a comprehensive literature search to find those studies, in which a dose-response description and a positive control reference compound was used to benchmark the observed activity. Of the analyzed papers, 7% of initially selected studies met these requirements and were subjected to further analysis. This analysis revealed that most selected natural products indeed appeared to possess anti-inflammatory activities, in particular anti-oxidative properties. In addition, 14% of the natural products outperformed the remaining natural products in all tested assays and are attractive candidates as new anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Allijn
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - René P Brinkhuis
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
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35
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Takahashi Y, Sakuma M, Murayama H, Morimoto T. Effect of baseline renal and hepatic function on the incidence of adverse drug events: the Japan Adverse Drug Events study. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2019; 33:165-173. [PMID: 30414364 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The impact of renal and hepatic dysfunction on the morbidity and mortality of inpatients with adverse drug events (ADEs) is uncertain in daily clinical practice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of renal and hepatic function on ADEs and inpatients' morbidity and mortality. Methods The Japan Adverse Drug Events (JADE) study was a prospective cohort study carried out at three tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Japan. Participants were consecutive inpatients (n=3459) aged 15 years or older. We evaluated the effect of renal and hepatic function on the occurrence of ADEs, and assessed how they affected length of hospital stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. We used the estimated glomerular filtration rate to quantify renal function and categorized patients into three groups (normal, ≥60 mL/min/1.73 mm; moderate, ≥30 and <60 mL/min/1.73 mm; severe, <30 mL/min/1.73 mm). We defined patients as having hepatic dysfunction when at least one data point (total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or gamma glutamyltransferase) was beyond a cutoff value. Results We analyzed the laboratory data of 2508 patients. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of ADEs among the three GFR categories (normal, 20%; moderate, 26%; severe, 22%; p=0.02). More ADEs occurred in patients with hepatic dysfunction (25% vs. 20%, p=0.01). LOS was significantly longer in those with ADEs stratified either by renal or by hepatic dysfunction (p<0.0001). ADEs were independently associated with in-hospital mortality, adjusting for renal and hepatic function (p<0.0001). Conclusions Inpatients' organ dysfunction increased ADEs, and ADEs were associated with both LOS and in-hospital mortality independently, irrespective of renal and hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mio Sakuma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Murayama
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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36
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McNeill RV, Mason AS, Hodson ME, Catto JWF, Southgate J. Specificity of the Metallothionein-1 Response by Cadmium-Exposed Normal Human Urothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1344. [PMID: 30884885 PMCID: PMC6471910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to cadmium is associated with the development of urothelial cancer. The metallothionein (MT) family of genes encodes proteins that sequester metal ions and modulate physiological processes, including zinc homeostasis. Little is known about the selectivity of expression of the different MT isoforms. Here, we examined the effect of cadmium exposure on MT gene and isoform expression by normal human urothelial (NHU) cell cultures. Baseline and cadmium-induced MT gene expression was characterized by next-generation sequencing and RT-PCR; protein expression was assessed by Western blotting using isoform-specific antibodies. Expression of the zinc transporter-1 (SLC30A1) gene was also assessed. NHU cells displayed transcription of MT-2A, but neither MT-3 nor MT-4 genes. Most striking was a highly inducer-specific expression of MT-1 genes, with cadmium inducing transcription of MT-1A, MT-1G, MT-1H, and MT-1M. Whereas MT-1G was also induced by zinc and nickel ions and MT-1H by iron, both MT-1A and MT-1M were highly cadmium-specific, which was confirmed for protein using isoform-specific antibodies. Protein but not transcript endured post-exposure, probably reflecting sequestration. SLC30A1 transcription was also affected by cadmium ion exposure, potentially reflecting perturbation of intracellular zinc homeostasis. We conclude that human urothelium displays a highly inductive profile of MT-1 gene expression, with two isoforms identified as highly specific to cadmium, providing candidate transcript and long-lived protein biomarkers of cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon V McNeill
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Andrew S Mason
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Mark E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Guerrina N, Traboulsi H, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and the Maintenance of Lung Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3882. [PMID: 30563036 PMCID: PMC6320801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of what is known about the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) centers on its ability to mediate the deleterious effects of the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin). However, the AhR is both ubiquitously-expressed and evolutionarily-conserved, suggesting that it evolved for purposes beyond strictly mediating responses to man-made environmental toxicants. There is growing evidence that the AhR is required for the maintenance of health, as it is implicated in physiological processes such as xenobiotic metabolism, organ development and immunity. Dysregulation of AhR expression and activity is also associated with a variety of disease states, particularly those at barrier organs such as the skin, gut and lungs. The lungs are particularly vulnerable to inhaled toxicants such as cigarette smoke. However, the role of the AhR in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-a respiratory illness caused predominately by cigarette smoking-and lung cancer remains largely unexplored. This review will discuss the growing body of literature that provides evidence that the AhR protects the lungs against the damaging effects of cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necola Guerrina
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - David H Eidelman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Khan S, Shahzadi A. Clinical pharmacokinetics of drugs in cardiopulmonary associated cachexia without hepatorenal pathology: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 51:1-11. [PMID: 30449195 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1508226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia not only has a dramatically harmful impact on a patient's life, but also a poor response to therapeutic agents. The purpose of the present review is to provide updated information concerning the pharmacokinetic aspects of drugs used to treat cardiopulmonary cachexia in patients with no signs of hepatic or renal pathology. A systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, Science Direct, and Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov), encompassing the period between 2000 and 2017, was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. Seven studies were identified. Collectively, these studies included a total of 196 individuals (19 healthy subjects and 177 diseased patients). This data review found no differences in bisoprolol and prothionamide absorption in cachectic patients with chronic heart failure and tuberculosis, but higher absorption of oflaxocin in the same set of patients was observed. The distribution of bisoprolol, prothionmaide, ceftazidime, and cefipirome was reduced in cardiopulmonary cachexia patients. Hepatic clearance of rifampin was equivalent in cachectic and non-cachectic patients that had normal hepatic function. Similarly in cardiopulmonary cachexia patients, renal clearance of ceftazidime was reduced by 19% but no significant differences in bisorpolol and prothionamide clearance were observed. In the case of cefipirome, both renal clearance and creatinine clearance were higher in cachectic patients with cystic fibrosis. From the limited evidence available, the main drug pharmacokinetic changes seen in cardiopulmonary cachexia patients were a reduction in the volume of distribution and impairment of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeer Khan
- a Al-Taaluf National Group of Polyclinics , Alqunfdha , Makkah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anum Shahzadi
- b Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Khyber Pakhtun Khwa , Abbottabad , Pakistan
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Xia YL, Dou TY, Lv X, Ge GB. In vitro characterization of the glucuronidation pathways of licochalcone A mediated by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:671-677. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1495345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Liu Xia
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xia Lv
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Detailed potential of mean force studies on host-guest systems from the SAMPL6 challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:1013-1026. [PMID: 30143917 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting receptor-ligand binding free energies is one of the holy grails of computational chemistry with many applications in chemistry and biology. Many successes have been reported, but issues relating to sampling and force field accuracy remain significant issues affecting our ability to reliably calculate binding free energies. In order to explore these issues in more detail we have examined a series of small host-guest complexes from the SAMPL6 blind challenge, namely octa-acids (OAs)-guest complexes and Curcurbit[8]uril (CB8)-guest complexes. Specifically, potential of mean force studies using umbrella sampling combined with the weighted histogram method were carried out on both systems with both known and unknown binding affinities. We find that using standard force fields and straightforward simulation protocols we are able to obtain satisfactory results, but that simply scaling our results allows us to significantly improve our predictive ability for the unknown test sets: the overall RMSD of the binding free energy versus experiment is reduced from 5.59 to 2.36 kcal/mol; for the CB8 test system, the RMSD goes from 8.04 to 3.51 kcal/mol, while for the OAs test system, the RSMD goes from 2.89 to 0.95 kcal/mol. The scaling approach was inspired by studies on structurally related known benchmark sets: by simply scaling, the RMSD was reduced from 6.23 to 1.19 kcal/mol and from 2.96 to 0.62 kcal/mol for the CB8 benchmark system and the OA benchmark system, respectively. We find this scaling procedure to correct absolute binding affinities to be highly effective especially when working across a "congeneric" series with similar charge states. It is less successful when applied to mixed ligands with varied charges and chemical characteristics, but improvement is still realized in the present case. This approach suggests that there are large systematic errors in absolute binding free energy calculations that can be straightforwardly accounted for using a scaling procedure. Random errors are still an issue, but near chemical accuracy can be obtained using the present strategy in select cases.
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41
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Huang L, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB. Hepatic metabolism of licochalcone A, a potential chemopreventive chalcone from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata), determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6937-6948. [PMID: 29127460 PMCID: PMC6324850 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of the chemoprevention agent licochalcone A, which is a chemopreventive chalcone found in abundance in the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata, was investigated using human liver microsomes and human hepatocytes combined with analysis using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Five oxygenated phase I metabolites of licochalcone A were formed by human liver microsomes, including a catechol on the A-ring, two intramolecular cyclization products following epoxidation of the exocyclic alkene at position 5 of the B-ring, and two dioxygenated products. Nine phase II monoglucuronides of licochalcone A and its oxygenated phase I metabolites were formed during incubation with human hepatocytes. These included (E)-licochalcone A-4-glucuronide, (E)-licochalcone A-4'-glucuronide, (Z)-licochalcone A-4-glucuronide, glucuronic acid conjugates of all of the monooxygenated phase I metabolites, and glucuronides of the licochalcone catechol after methylation by catechol-O-methyl transferase. In addition, human hepatocytes formed one sulfate conjugate and one glutathione conjugate of licochalcone A. The structures of all major metabolites were determined using a combination of accurate mass measurement, LC-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-UV, nuclear magnetic resonance, and comparison with standards. The cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases responsible for the formation of the major metabolites were identified. Based on in vitro hepatic clearance calculations, licochalcone A is predicted to be metabolized primarily by phase II conjugation reactions. Graphical abstract Phase I and II metabolism of licochalcone A from the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata by human liver microsomes and hepatocytes determined using LC-MS/MS, LC-UV and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Huang
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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42
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A single- and multiple-dose study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opicapone, a novel COMT inhibitor, in rat. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kaur P, Kaur R, Arora R, Arora S. Effect of 3, hydroxy-lup- 20(29)-en-28-oic acid on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene impaired cellular homeostasis in extrahepatic organs of Sprague Dawley rats. J Xenobiot 2017; 7:6475. [PMID: 30701057 PMCID: PMC6325307 DOI: 10.4081/xeno.2017.6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
3β, hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Betulinic acid), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene has diverse pharmacological functions both in vitro and in vivo. The present study focuses its protective effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (7,12- Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or DMBA) induced alterations in membrane bound ATPases, detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in stomach and lungs of female Sprague Dawley rats. Healthy female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assorted into six groups and the treatments were given orally for 7 weeks on alternate days. It was observed that betulinic acid facilitated the downregulation of elevated membrane bound ATPases (Na+/K+- ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase) in DMBA administered rats. Likewise, the detoxification enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes were modulated to normalcy in rats. Overall, betulinic acid was seen to be effective modulator of DMBA induced alterations in biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar;
| | - Rajbir Kaur
- Department of Botany, Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa College, Sri Anandpur Sahib, Ropar, India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar;
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar;
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44
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Tran S, Fulcher N, Nowicki M, Desai P, Tsang B, Facciol A, Chow H, Gerlai R. Time-dependent interacting effects of caffeine, diazepam, and ethanol on zebrafish behaviour. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:16-27. [PMID: 28025019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a popular animal model for behavioural pharmacology due to their small size, rapid development, and amenability to high throughput behavioural drug screens. Furthermore, water-soluble compounds can be administered via immersion of the fish in the drug solution, which provides a non-invasive drug delivery method. Numerous studies have demonstrated stimulant effects of alcohol. Diazepam and caffeine, on the other hand have been found to have inhibitory effect on locomotor activity in zebrafish. However, the time-dependent changes induced by these psychoactive drugs are rarely reported, and potential drug interactions have not been examined in zebrafish, despite the translational relevance of this question. In the current study, we examine time- and dose-dependent changes in zebrafish following exposure to caffeine, diazepam, and ethanol quantifying four different behavioural parameters over a 30min recording session. We subsequently analyze potential drug-drug interactions by co-administering the three drugs in different combinations. Our time-course and dose-response analyses for each of the three drugs represent so far the most detailed studies available serving as a foundation for future psychopharmacology experiments with zebrafish. Furthermore, we report significant interactions between the three drugs corroborating findings obtained with rodent models as well as in humans, providing translational relevance for the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tran
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Canada.
| | - Niveen Fulcher
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Magda Nowicki
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Priyanka Desai
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tsang
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Amanda Facciol
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Hayden Chow
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Canada
| | - Robert Gerlai
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Canada; University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada.
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45
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Organs-on-chips: research and commercial perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Ploemen JPHTM, Kramer H, Krajnc EI, Martin I. The Use of Toxicokinetic Data in Preclinical Safety Assessment: A Toxicologic Pathologist Perspective. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:836-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01926230701584247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Collection of toxicokinetic data has become a routine practice during the last 15 years in most general toxicity studies on pharma. It enables the correlation of pathological changes with the plasma concentration of drugs and/or their metabolites. This overview summarizes the use of the toxicokinetic data from the perspective of the toxicologic pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hester Kramer
- Clinical Pharmacology & Kinetics, Organon, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Ernö I. Krajnc
- Department of Toxicology & Drug Disposition, Organon, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Iain Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Organon Research, Scotland
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47
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Friberg S, Nyström AM. NANOMEDICINE: will it offer possibilities to overcome multiple drug resistance in cancer? J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:17. [PMID: 26955956 PMCID: PMC4784447 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is written with the purpose to review the current nanomedicine literature and provide an outlook on the developments in utilizing nanoscale drug constructs in treatment of solid cancers as well as in the potential treatment of multi-drug resistant cancers. No specific design principles for this review have been utilized apart from our active choice to avoid results only based on in vitro studies. Few drugs based on nanotechnology have progressed to clinical trials, since most are based only on in vitro experiments which do not give the necessary data for the research to progress towards pre-clinical studies. The area of nanomedicine has indeed spark much attention and holds promise for improved future therapeutics in the treatment of solid cancers. However, despite much investment few targeted therapeutics have successfully progressed to early clinical trials, indicating yet again that the human body is complicated and that much more understanding of the fundamentals of receptor interactions, physics of nanomedical constructs and their circulation in the body is indeed needed. We believe that nanomedical therapeutics can allow for more efficient treatments of resistant cancers, and may well be a cornerstone for RNA based therapeutics in the future given their general need for shielding from the harsh environment in the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Friberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas M Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Reading E, Munoz-Muriedas J, Roberts AD, Dear GJ, Robinson CV, Beaumont C. Elucidation of Drug Metabolite Structural Isomers Using Molecular Modeling Coupled with Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2273-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Reading
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jordi Munoz-Muriedas
- Chemical
Sciences, Computational Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Roberts
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Gordon J. Dear
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Claire Beaumont
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, U.K
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49
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Fusariotoxins in Avian Species: Toxicokinetics, Metabolism and Persistence in Tissues. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2289-305. [PMID: 26110506 PMCID: PMC4488703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusariotoxins are mycotoxins produced by different species of the genus Fusarium whose occurrence and toxicity vary considerably. Despite the fact avian species are highly exposed to fusariotoxins, the avian species are considered as resistant to their toxic effects, partly because of low absorption and rapid elimination, thereby reducing the risk of persistence of residues in tissues destined for human consumption. This review focuses on the main fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 and B2. The key parameters used in the toxicokinetic studies are presented along with the factors responsible for their variations. Then, each toxin is analyzed separately. Results of studies conducted with radiolabelled toxins are compared with the more recent data obtained with HPLC/MS-MS detection. The metabolic pathways of deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone are described, with attention paid to the differences among the avian species. Although no metabolite of fumonisins has been reported in avian species, some differences in toxicokinetics have been observed. All the data reviewed suggest that the toxicokinetics of fusariotoxins in avian species differs from those in mammals, and that variations among the avian species themselves should be assessed.
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50
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Nahar MS, Kim JH, Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC. Bisphenol A-associated alterations in the expression and epigenetic regulation of genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in human fetal liver. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:184-95. [PMID: 24214726 PMCID: PMC3999958 DOI: 10.1002/em.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme (XME) expression across the life course, along with genetic, nutritional, and environmental regulation, can influence how organisms respond to toxic insults. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that in utero exposure to the endocrine active compound, bisphenol A (BPA), influences expression and epigenetic regulation of phase I and II XME genes during development. Using healthy 1st to 2nd trimester human fetal liver specimens quantified for internal BPA levels, we examined XME gene expression using PCR Array (n = 8) and RNA-sequencing (n = 12) platforms. Of the greater than 160 XME genes assayed, 2 phase I and 12 phase II genes exhibited significantly reduced expression with higher BPA levels, including isoforms from the carboxylesterase, catechol O-methyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase, sulfotransferase, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase families. When the promoters of these candidate genes were evaluated in silico, putative binding sites for the E-twenty-six (ETS) and activator protein1 (AP1) related transcription factor families were identified and unique to 97% of all candidate transcripts. Interestingly, many ETS binding sites contain cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) within their consensus sequences. Thus, quantitative analysis of CpG methylation of three candidate genes was conducted across n = 50 samples. Higher BPA levels were associated with increased site-specific methylation at COMT (P < 0.005) and increased average methylation at SULT2A1 (P < 0.020) promoters. While toxicological studies have traditionally focused on high-dose effects and hormonal receptor mediated regulation, our findings suggest the importance of low-dose effects and nonclassical mechanisms of endocrine disruption during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna S. Nahar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jung H. Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence to: Dana C. Dolinoy, 6638 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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