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Han Y, Zhang L, Kong L, Wang G, Ye Z. Investigating the relationship between residual stress and micromechanical properties of blood vessels using atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38500314 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The magnitude of vascular residual stress, an inherent characteristic exclusive to the vasculature, exhibits a strong correlation with vascular compliance, tensile resistance, vascular rigidity, and vascular remodeling subsequent to vascular transplantation. Vascular residual stress can be quantified by evaluating the magnitude of the opening angle within the vascular ring. For decellularized vessels, the vascular ring's opening angle diminishes, consequently reducing residual stress. The decellularization process induces a laxity in the vascular fiber structure within decellularized vessels. To investigate the interrelation between the magnitude of residual stress and the microstructure as well as mechanical properties of elastin and collagen within blood vessels, this study employed fresh blood vessels, stress-relieved vessels, and sections of decellularized blood vessels. Structural scanning and force map experiments on the surface of the sections were conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings revealed well-organized arrangements of elastin and collagen within fresh vessels, wherein the regularity of collagen and elastin exhibited variability as residual stress declined. Furthermore, both stress-relieved and decellularized vessel sections exhibited a reduction in the mean Young's modulus to varying extents in comparison to fresh vessels. The validity of our experimental results was further corroborated through finite element simulations. Hence, residual stress assumes a crucial role in upholding the structural stability of blood vessels, and the intricate association between residual stress and the microstructural and micromechanical properties of blood vessels holds significant implications for comprehending the impact of vascular diseases on vascular structure and advancing the development of biomimetic artificial blood vessels that replicate residual stress. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: In this inquiry, we scrutinized the interconnection amid vascular residual stress and the microscale and nanoscale aspects of vascular structure and mechanical function, employing AFM. We ascertained that residual stress assumes a pivotal role in upholding vascular microstructure and mechanical attributes. The experimental outcomes were subsequently validated through finite element simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Han
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Rodriguez-Soto MA, Suarez Vargas N, Riveros A, Camargo CM, Cruz JC, Sandoval N, Briceño JC. Failure Analysis of TEVG's I: Overcoming the Initial Stages of Blood Material Interaction and Stabilization of the Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:3140. [PMID: 34831361 PMCID: PMC8625197 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular grafts (VG) are medical devices intended to replace the function of a diseased vessel. Current approaches use non-biodegradable materials that struggle to maintain patency under complex hemodynamic conditions. Even with the current advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with the tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), the cellular response is not yet close to mimicking the biological function of native vessels, and the understanding of the interactions between cells from the blood and the vascular wall with the material in operative conditions is much needed. These interactions change over time after the implantation of the graft. Here we aim to analyze the current knowledge in bio-molecular interactions between blood components, cells and materials that lead either to an early failure or to the stabilization of the vascular graft before the wall regeneration begins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Rodriguez-Soto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.S.V.); (A.R.); (C.M.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Natalia Suarez Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.S.V.); (A.R.); (C.M.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Alejandra Riveros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.S.V.); (A.R.); (C.M.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.S.V.); (A.R.); (C.M.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.S.V.); (A.R.); (C.M.C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Nestor Sandoval
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fundación Cardio Infantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Juan C. Briceño
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.S.V.); (A.R.); (C.M.C.); (J.C.C.)
- Department of Research, Fundación Cardio Infantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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3
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Wang J, Kong L, Gafur A, Peng X, Kristi N, Xu J, Ma X, Wang N, Humphry R, Durkan C, Zhang H, Ye Z, Wang G. Photooxidation crosslinking to recover residual stress in decellularized blood vessel. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa058. [PMID: 33738112 PMCID: PMC7955719 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization method based on trypsin-digestion is widely used to construct small diameter vascular grafts. However, this method will reduce the opening angle of the blood vessel and result in the reduction of residual stress. Residual stress reduced has an adverse effect on the compliance and permeability of small diameter vascular grafts. To improve the situation, acellular blood vessels were treated with glutaraldehyde and photooxidation crosslinking respectively, and the changes of opening angle, circumferential residual strain of native blood vessels, decellularized arteries and crosslinked blood vessels were measured by means of histological examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in this study. The opening angle of decellularized arteries significantly restored after photooxidation crosslinking (P = 0.0216), while that of glutaraldehyde crosslinking blood vessels reduced. The elastic fibers inside the blood vessels became densely rearranged after photooxidation crosslinking. The results of finite element simulation showed that the residual stress increased with the increase of opening angle. In this study, we found at the first time that photooxidation crosslinking method could significantly increase the residual stress of decellularized vessels, which provides biomechanical support for the development of new biomaterials of vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Alidha Gafur
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Natalia Kristi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xingshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Rose Humphry
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, Shandong 251100, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Schneider KH, Rohringer S, Kapeller B, Grasl C, Kiss H, Heber S, Walter I, Teuschl AH, Podesser BK, Bergmeister H. Riboflavin-mediated photooxidation to improve the characteristics of decellularized human arterial small diameter vascular grafts. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:246-258. [PMID: 32871281 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular grafts with a diameter of less than 6 mm are made from a variety of materials and techniques to provide alternatives to autologous vascular grafts. Decellularized materials have been proposed as a possible approach to create extracellular matrix (ECM) vascular prostheses as they are naturally derived and inherently support various cell functions. However, these desirable graft characteristics may be limited by alterations of the ECM during the decellularization process leading to decreased biomechanical properties and hemocompatibility. In this study, arteries from the human placenta chorion were decellularized using two distinct detergents (Triton X-100 or SDS), which differently affect ECM ultrastructure. To overcome biomechanical strength loss and collagen fiber exposure after decellularization, riboflavin-mediated UV (RUV) crosslinking was used to uniformly crosslink the collagenous ECM of the grafts. Graft characteristics and biocompatibility with and without RUV crosslinking were studied in vitro and in vivo. RUV-crosslinked ECM grafts showed significantly improved mechanical strength and smoothening of the luminal graft surfaces. Cell seeding using human endothelial cells revealed no cytotoxic effects of the RUV treatment. Short-term aortic implants in rats showed cell migration and differentiation of host cells. Functional graft remodeling was evident in all grafts. Thus, RUV crosslinking is a preferable tool to improve graft characteristics of decellularized matrix conduits.
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Skovrind I, Harvald EB, Juul Belling H, Jørgensen CD, Lindholt JS, Andersen DC. Concise Review: Patency of Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: A Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Trials. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:671-680. [PMID: 30920771 PMCID: PMC6591545 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several patient groups undergoing small‐diameter (<6 mm) vessel bypass surgery have limited autologous vessels for use as grafts. Tissue‐engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) have been suggested as an alternative, but the ideal TEVG remains to be generated, and a systematic overview and meta‐analysis of clinically relevant studies is lacking. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase databases for (pre)clinical trials and identified three clinical and 68 preclinical trials ([>rabbit]; 873 TEVGs) meeting the inclusion criteria. Preclinical trials represented low to medium risk of bias, and binary logistic regression revealed that patency was significantly affected by recellularization, TEVG length, TEVG diameter, surface modification, and preconditioning. In contrast, scaffold types were less important. The patency was 63.5%, 89%, and 100% for TEVGs with a median diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. In the group of recellularized TEVGs, patency was not improved by using smooth muscle cells in addition to endothelial cells nor affected by the endothelial origin, but seems to benefit from a long‐term (46–240 hours) recellularization time. Finally, data showed that median TEVG length (5 cm) and median follow‐up (56 days) used in preclinical settings are relatively inadequate for direct clinical translation. In conclusion, our data imply that future studies should consider a TEVG design that at least includes endothelial recellularization and bioreactor preconditioning, and we suggest that more standard guidelines for testing and reporting TEVGs in large animals should be considered to enable interstudy comparisons and favor a robust and reproducible outcome as well as clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Skovrind
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Eva Bang Harvald
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Center for Vascular Regeneration, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Helene Juul Belling
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Center for Vascular Regeneration, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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6
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Ran X, Ye Z, Fu M, Wang Q, Wu H, Lin S, Yin T, Hu T, Wang G. Design, Preparation, and Performance of a Novel Bilayer Tissue-Engineered Small-Diameter Vascular Graft. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800189. [PMID: 30259649 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, the need for small-diameter vascular grafts continues to increase. Decellularized xenografts are commonly used for vascular reconstructive procedures. Here, porcine coronary arteries are decellularized, which destroys the extracellular matrix structure, leading to the decrease of vascular strength and the increase of vascular permeability. A bilayer tissue-engineered vascular graft (BTEV) is fabricated by electrospinning poly(l-lactide-co-carprolactone)/gelatin outside of the decellularized vessels and functionalized by immobilizing heparin, which increases the biomechanical strength and anticoagulant activity of decellularized vessels. The biosafety and efficacy of the heparin-modified BTEVs (HBTEVs) are verified by implanting in rat models. HBTEVs remain patent and display no expansion or aneurism. After 4 weeks of implantation, a cell monolayer in the internal surface and a dense middle layer have formed, and the mechanical properties of regenerated vessels are similar to those of rat abdominal aorta. Therefore, HBTEVs can be used for rapid remodeling of small-diameter blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ran
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Meiling Fu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Haide Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Song Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
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Kajbafzadeh AM, Khorramirouz R, Kameli SM, Hashemi J, Bagheri A. Decellularization of Human Internal Mammary Artery: Biomechanical Properties and Histopathological Evaluation. Biores Open Access 2017; 6:74-84. [PMID: 28736690 PMCID: PMC5515095 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study undertook to create small-diameter vascular grafts and assess their structure and mechanical properties to withstand arterial implantation. Twenty samples of intact human internal mammary arteries (IMAs) were collected and decellularized using detergent-based methods. To evaluate residual cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, histological analysis was performed. Moreover, collagen typing and ECM structure were analyzed by Picrosirius red and Movat's pentachrome staining. Scanning electron microscopy was also applied to assess microarchitecture of both endothelial and adventitial surfaces of native and decellularized arterial samples. Furthermore, mechanical tests were performed to evaluate the rigidity and suture strength of the arteries. Human IMAs were completely decellularized in all three segments (proximal, middle, and distal). ECM proteins such as collagen and elastic fibers were efficiently preserved and no structural distortion in intima, media, and adventitial surfaces was observed. The parameters of the mechanical tests revealed no significant differences in the mechanical properties of decellularized arteries in comparison to native arteries with considerable strength, suture retention, and stress relaxation (Young's modulus [MPa] = 0.22 ± 0.023 [native] and 0.22 ± 0.015 [acellular]; and suture strength 0.56 ± 0.19 [native] vs. 0.56 ± 0.12 [acellular], respectively). Decellularized IMA represents a potential arterial scaffold as an alternative to autologous grafts for future arterial bypass surgeries. By this technique, microarchitecture and mechanical integrity of decellularized arteries were considerably similar to native arteries. The goal of this study was to introduce an efficient method for complete decellularization of human IMA and evaluate the ECM and biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorramirouz
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Maryam Kameli
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Bagheri
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ye X, Wang H, Gong W, Li S, Li H, Wang Z, Zhao Q. Impact of decellularization on porcine myocardium as scaffold for tissue engineered heart tissue. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:70. [PMID: 26886818 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized myocardium has been proposed to construct tissue engineered heart tissue, providing the advantage of natural extracellular architecture. Various decellularization protocols have been developed, but the impact of individual decellularization reagent in the protocol remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the structural impact of three commonly used decellularization reagents on the porcine myocardium. We decellularized porcine heart tissue with trypsin, Triton X-100 or SDS, and analyzed the morphological characteristics of the remaining tissue by SEM, AFM and two-photon LSM. We further recellularized the scaffold with rat myocardial fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes separately. According to the H&E staining and DNA quantification, SDS decellularized more efficiently in comparison to the other two reagents. Moreover, we found distinct surface microarchitecture differences among groups. The changed structure of tissue might result in varied proliferation myocardial fibroblasts and biophysical performance of the engineered heart tissue. This study demonstrated that the microstructure of decellularized porcine heart tissue vary with decellularization agents. Compared to trypsin and Triton X-100, SDS not only decellularized more efficiently but also preserved the biocompatible microstructure of ECM for recellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Gong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Guhathakurta S, Mathapati S, Bishi DK, Rallapalli S, Cherian KM. Nanofiber-reinforced myocardial tissue-construct as ventricular assist device. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014; 22:935-43. [PMID: 24585303 DOI: 10.1177/0218492314523627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to create a myocardial tissue construct by tissue engineering to repair, replace, and regenerate damaged cardiac tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Human cardiac muscles harvested from a homograft heart retrieval system were decellularized followed by coating with electrospun nanofibers to make them amenable to scaffolding. These processed cardiac tissues were nourished in modified media having ischemic cardiac tissue conditioned media in 6 separate experimental variants, and cord blood mononuclear cells were injected into 4 of them. On the 17th day of culture, the nanofiber-coated scaffolds injected with mononuclear cells and/or reinforced by electrical and mechanical forces, started contracting spontaneously at varying rates, while the control remain noncontractile. Histological staining confirmed the pre-culture acellularity as well as post-culture stem cell viability, and revealed expression of troponin I and cardiac myosin. The acellular processed scaffold when implanted into sheep ischemic myocardial apex revealed transformation into sheep myocardium after 4 months of implantation. CONCLUSION These results provide direct evidence for the re-cellularization of decellularized cardiac tissue grafts reinforced with a polymer nanofiber coating, by human mononuclear cells injection, leading to generation of a tissue-engineered myocardial construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Guhathakurta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Santosh Mathapati
- International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Bishi
- International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Suneel Rallapalli
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kotturathu Mammen Cherian
- International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India
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