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Wakayama R, Drewnowski A, Horimoto T, Yu T, Saito Y, Suzuki T, Honda K, Kanaya S, Takasugi S. Development and Validation of the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System per Serving Size. Nutrients 2024; 16:2700. [PMID: 39203836 PMCID: PMC11357180 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Serving size may be the appropriate reference for calculating food nutritional value. We aimed to assess the nutritional values of Japanese foods based on serving sizes rather than per 100 g by adapting the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System (Meiji NPS). Given the variability in serving sizes across countries, we used Japanese serving sizes to calculate the Meiji NPS scores. We confirmed the convergent validity of the Meiji NPS scores per serving size with the Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 using Spearman's correlation coefficients (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Food groups recommended by official guidelines, such as pulses, nuts and seeds, fish and seafood, fruits, vegetables, and milk and milk products, scored relatively high. Furthermore, the nutrient density scores of food items with small serving sizes, such as mushrooms, algae, seasonings, and fats and oils, were moderated when calculated by per serving size, despite having considerably higher or lower scores per 100 g. These results indicate that calculating NPS per serving size allows for the assessment of the nutritional value of food items in accordance with actual consumption quantities. Therefore, the Meiji NPS calculated per serving size, alongside the per 100 g version, may be useful for dietary management depending on specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Wakayama
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology & Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0912, Japan
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tomohito Horimoto
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Tao Yu
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Yoshie Saito
- Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-4-16, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0031, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Keiko Honda
- Laboratory of Medicine Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology & Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0912, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takasugi
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
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Salar FJ, Sánchez-Bravo P, Mena P, Cámara M, García-Viguera C. Comparison of vitamin C and flavanones between freshly squeezed orange juices and commercial 100% orange juices from four European countries. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:255-263. [PMID: 38230429 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2303034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Knowing the true levels of nutrients and dietary bioactives in fruit juices at the point of consumption is key to properly understand their potential health benefits. The objective was to characterise the vitamin C and flavanone content in commercial orange juices consumed in Europe, compared with fresh-squeezed juices. Commercial juices were a rich source of vitamin C (>30% of the Nutrient Reference Value). Vitamin C in fresh-squeezed juices, at the end of their shelf-life, remained 33% higher than the levels found in the commercial juices. Flavanones had similar values from both commercial and fresh juices, except for fresh samples stored for 48 h, where fresh juices had higher values (22.36 mg/100 mL). Thus, orange juices preserve their bioactive compounds during storage, with very little influence of the brand, country, industrial process or storage conditions. Main bioactive compounds in commercial juices are present at nutritionally significant levels to the freshly-squeezed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salar
- Lab. Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CSIC, CEBAS, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paola Sánchez-Bravo
- Lab. Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CSIC, CEBAS, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Montaña Cámara
- Nutrition and Food Science Department. Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Walton J, Kehoe L. Current perspectives and challenges in the estimation of fruit juice consumption across the lifecycle in Europe. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38356367 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242400009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fruit juice (FJ) is typically low in energy, contains natural sugars, important amounts of micronutrients and is not permitted to have added sugars/sweeteners. However, its role in a healthy diet is under scrutiny partly due to the wider adoption of the definition for free sugars in nutrition policy. This review aimed to identify data on FJ consumption from national food consumption surveys across Europe, to examine current intakes, percent consumers and its contribution to intakes of energy, total sugars, free sugars, vitamin C, folate and potassium. Data were extracted on the population mean intake of FJ and its contribution to nutrient intakes across the lifecycle and crude estimates of population mean intakes across countries were reported for the total population and for consumers only. This review highlighted significant gaps/challenges regarding the availability of country-specific national food consumption surveys across Europe and specifically data on FJ consumption (including complexities surrounding categorisations). Nonetheless, using a comparable/homogenous definition, the mean intake of FJ among consumers was approximately 1 × 150 ml glass/day for adults/older adults, with lower intakes among infants (86 g/d), children (108 g/d) and teenagers (112 g/d). FJ made important contributions to intakes of vitamin C while making little contribution to energy intakes but also contributed 2-14 % of free sugars intake (which may be considered modest compared to other sources). The complexity of collating and interpreting data on FJ intake as elucidated in this review raises questions surrounding the categorisation of FJ in research and presents significant challenges for policymakers with respect to dietary guidance for FJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laura Kehoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Ruxton CHS, Derbyshire E, Sievenpiper JL. Pure 100% fruit juices – more than just a source of free sugars? A review of the evidence of their effect on risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto ON Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto ON Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto ON Canada
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Ruxton CHS, Myers M. Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061815. [PMID: 34071760 PMCID: PMC8228760 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines often deal with 100% fruit juice (FJ) inconsistently because it represents a source of free sugars. However, FJ also provides bioavailable micronutrients and plant bioactives at levels similar to those found in whole fruits. The present review weighs up the evidence from high-quality studies investigating a potential health harm for FJ against evidence from studies which indicate a potential health benefit. The findings reveal that FJ consumption, at moderate intakes consistent with the dietary guidelines for the US and some European countries (75-224 mL daily), does not increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or poor glycaemic control. In contrast, regular consumption of FJ-even up to 500 mL per day in short-to-medium-term studies-appears to confer a health benefit in terms of vascular function and reduced blood pressure. Emerging evidence for cognitive health benefits requires further investigation in human trials. Observational studies report associations between FJ and nutrient adequacy and suggest that FJ consumption is associated with reduced risk of stroke. In conclusion, FJ appears to offer more benefit than risk and there appears to be no justification for discouraging FJ within a balanced diet for children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie H. S. Ruxton
- Nutrition Communications, East Road, Cupar KY15 4HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7973-337757
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