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Beausejour JP, Knowles KS, Wilson AT, Mangum LC, Hill EC, Hanney WJ, Wells AJ, Fukuda DH, Stout J, Stock MS. Innovations in the Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Health: A Glimpse into the Future. Int J Sports Med 2024. [PMID: 38198822 DOI: 10.1055/a-2242-3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in the human body and plays critical roles in athletic performance, mobility, and disease pathogenesis. Despite growing recognition of its importance by major health organizations, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding skeletal muscle health and its crosstalk with nearly every physiological system. Relevant public health challenges like pain, injury, obesity, and sarcopenia underscore the need to accurately assess skeletal muscle health and function. Feasible, non-invasive techniques that reliably evaluate metrics including muscle pain, dynamic structure, contractility, circulatory function, body composition, and emerging biomarkers are imperative to unraveling the complexities of skeletal muscle. Our concise review highlights innovative or overlooked approaches for comprehensively assessing skeletal muscle in vivo. We summarize recent advances in leveraging dynamic ultrasound imaging, muscle echogenicity, tensiomyography, blood flow restriction protocols, molecular techniques, body composition, and pain assessments to gain novel insight into muscle physiology from cellular to whole-body perspectives. Continued development of precise, non-invasive tools to investigate skeletal muscle are critical in informing impactful discoveries in exercise and rehabilitation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Beausejour
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Kevan S Knowles
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Abigail T Wilson
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - L Colby Mangum
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - William J Hanney
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Adam J Wells
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - JeffreyR Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Matt S Stock
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Catarina-Moreira A, Esparza-Ros F, Barrigas C, Albaladejo-Saura M, Vieira F. Skinfolds compressibility and digital caliper's time response in skinfold measurement in male and female young adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2265888. [PMID: 37794782 PMCID: PMC10557569 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2265888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skinfold caliper reading of the skinfold thickness depends on its dynamic compressibility. This has led to the fact that, while it is indicated that skinfold readings should be taken when the reading is stable, there is no consensus on at what second the reading should be taken after the application of the skinfold caliper. The new Lipowise PRO digital skinfold caliper was used to analyze the evolution of skinfold readings under skinfold caliper pressure. The aim of the present investigation were: a) to analyze the evolution of the reading time of individual skinfolds when subjected to skinfold caliper pressure and when the skinfold reading reaches stability; b) to describe the physical behavior of skinfold tissues' time response to skinfold caliper pressure, and to explore differences between sites and subjects' skinfolds compressibility; and c) to analyze the sex differences in both the reading and the evolution of the skinfold over time. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional design was followed with a convenience sample of 165 healthy young adults (79 males and 86 females), with eight skinfolds measured using the Lipowise PRO skinfold caliper. The Lipowise PRO skinfold caliper uses a programmable reading time allowing for the measurement of the skinfold's thickness at a rate of 100 times per second, and monitoring skinfold behavior over the 3-second measurement period, thereby enabling the assessment of the tissue response to the constant force exerted by the skinfold caliper jaws. RESULTS All skinfolds showed statistical differences in terms of compressibility characteristics (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between measurement time points for individual skinfolds and sum of skinfolds (p < 0.001-0.025). Stabilization being found depending on the skinfold measured from 1.5 seconds for biceps, subscapular, iliac crest, supraspinale, abdominal, and thigh skinfolds; 2.0 seconds for ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds; and 2.5 seconds for triceps and calf skinfolds. It was observed an effect of sex on this issue (p < 0.001-0.030). More specifically, in the case of males, the supraspinale and abdominal skinfolds stabilized after 1.5 seconds; the calf skinfold and ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds stabilized after 2 seconds; while the rest of the skinfolds did not stabilize until 3 seconds. In the case of females, no stabilization of the triceps skinfold was found, while the rest of the individual skinfolds and the ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds stabilized from 1.5 seconds. A regression analysis indicated that skinfold thickness could be predicted based on measurement time in 50-77% of the cases (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION A skinfold caliper application, using the digital caliper Lipowise PRO, of three seconds may be sufficient for achieving stability in the measurement and for obtaining the minimum value for most individual and sum of skinfolds. However, there are certain skinfolds that may require more time when performed on certain individuals, which vary according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Catarina-Moreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Esparza-Ros
- International Kinanthropometry Chair, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrigas
- Instituto de Estudos Interculturais e Transdisciplinares, Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Almada, Portugal
| | - Mario Albaladejo-Saura
- International Kinanthropometry Chair, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Filomena Vieira
- University of Lisbon, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), Lisbon, Portugal
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Minetto MA, Pietrobelli A, Ferraris A, Busso C, Magistrali M, Vignati C, Sieglinger B, Bruner D, Shepherd JA, Heymsfield SB. Equations for smartphone prediction of adiposity and appendicular lean mass in youth soccer players. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20734. [PMID: 38007571 PMCID: PMC10676389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital anthropometry by three-dimensional optical imaging systems and smartphones has recently been shown to provide non-invasive, precise, and accurate anthropometric and body composition measurements. To our knowledge, no previous study performed smartphone-based digital anthropometric assessments in young athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibly and validity of smartphone-based estimation of anthropometric and body composition parameters in youth soccer players. A convenience sample of 124 male players and 69 female players (median ages of 16.2 and 15.5 years, respectively) was recruited. Measurements of body weight and height, one whole-body Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and acquisition of optical images (performed in duplicate by the Mobile Fit app to obtain two avatars for each player) were performed. The reproducibility analysis showed percent standard error of measurement values < 10% for all anthropometric and body composition measurements, thus indicating high agreement between the measurements obtained for the two avatars. Mobile Fit app overestimated the body fat percentage with respect to DXA (average overestimation of + 3.7% in males and + 4.6% in females), while it underestimated the total lean mass (- 2.6 kg in males and - 2.5 kg in females) and the appendicular lean mass (- 10.5 kg in males and - 5.5 kg in females). Using data of the soccer players, we reparameterized the equations previously proposed to estimate the body fat percentage and the appendicular lean mass and we obtained new equations that can be used in youth athletes for body composition assessment through conventional anthropometrics-based prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Minetto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pennington Biomedical Research Centre, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Paediatric Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferraris
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Busso
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Gasperín-Rodríguez EI, Gómez-Figueroa JA, Gómez-Miranda LM, Ríos-Gallardo PT, Palmeros-Exsome C, Hernández-Lepe MA, Moncada-Jiménez J, Bonilla DA. Body Composition Profiles of Applicants to a Physical Education and Sports Major in Southeastern Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315685. [PMID: 36497779 PMCID: PMC9735584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the body composition profile of candidates applying for a Physical Education and Sports major. 327 young adults (F: 87, M: 240) participated in this cross-sectional study. Nutritional status and body composition analysis were performed, and the profiles were generated using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), percentage of muscle mass (%MM), metabolic age (MA), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and visceral fat level (VFL) were used as input variables. BMI values were normal-weight although VFL was significantly higher in men (<0.001; η2 = 0.104). MA was positively correlated with BMR (0.81 [0.77, 0.85]; p < 0.01), BMI (0.87 [0.84, 0.90]; p < 0.01), and VFL (0.77 [0.72, 0.81]; p < 0.01). The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two significantly different age-independent profiles: Cluster 1 (n = 265), applicants of both sexes that were shorter, lighter, with lower adiposity and higher lean mass; and, Cluster 2 (n = 62), a group of overweight male applicants with higher VFL, taller, with lower %MM and estimated energy expended at rest. We identified two profiles that might help universities, counselors and teachers/lecturers to identify applicants in which is necessary to increase physical activity levels and improve dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio A. Gómez-Figueroa
- Physical Education, Sport and Recreation School, Veracruzan University, Veracruz 94294, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Gómez-Miranda
- Sports Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
- Research Group UABC-CA-341 in “Physical Performance and Health”, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-664-173-1130
| | | | | | - Marco A. Hernández-Lepe
- Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Bonilla DA, Cardozo LA, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Arévalo-Rodríguez A, Vargas-Molina S, Stout JR, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912710. [PMID: 36232010 PMCID: PMC9565175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical fitness centers (PFC). The PubMed or Medline, EMBASE or Science Direct, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were selected to examine the available literature using a Boolean algorithm with search terms. The review process was performed using the five-stage approach for an integrative review and it was reported according to the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles (Price index = 71.7%) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the link between exercise selection and the incidence of injuries in exercisers who regularly attend PFC. Most injuries occur to the shoulders, elbows, vertebrae of the spine, and knees. Although the injury etiologies are multifactorial, the findings of the reviewed articles include the impacts of overuse, short post-exercise recovery periods, poor conditioning in the exercised body areas, frequent use of heavy loads, improper technique in certain exercises, and the abuse of performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Practical recommendations addressed to clinical exercise physiologists, exercise professionals, and health professionals are given in this paper. The exercise selection in RT programs requires professional supervision and adhering to proper lifting techniques and training habits that consider the anatomical and biomechanical patterns of the musculoskeletal structures, as well as genetic, pedagogical, and methodological aspects directly related to the stimulus-response process to mitigate the occurrence of RT-related injuries in PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Luis A. Cardozo
- Research and Measurement Group in Sports Training (IMED), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellín 050012, Colombia
| | - Adrián Arévalo-Rodríguez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Centro de Capacitación en Acondicionamiento y Preparación Física (CCAPF), Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
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Bonilla DA, Duque-Zuluaga LT, Muñoz-Urrego LP, Moreno Y, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Franco-Hoyos K, Agudelo-Martínez A, Humeres G, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Development and Validation of Waist Girth-Based Equations to Evaluate Body Composition in Colombian Adults: Rationale and STROBE-Nut-Based Protocol of the F20 Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10690. [PMID: 36078407 PMCID: PMC9518435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to estimate body fat and fat-free mass is a frequent strategy. Considering the lack of validation in the Colombian population, the aim of this research study (the F20 Project) is to externally validate WG-based equations (e.g., relative fat mass), and also to develop and validate new models that include WG to estimate body composition in Colombian adults compared to DXA. This cross-sectional study will be carried out following the guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut). Using stratified probabilistic sampling, the study population will be adults with different levels of physical activity residing in Medellín and its metropolitan area. The results of this study will not only validate the estimation performance of the current WG-based equations, but they will also develop new equations to estimate body composition in the Colombian population. This will improve professional practice in health, exercise, and sports sciences (ClinicalTrials.gov ID #NCT05450588).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leidy T. Duque-Zuluaga
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Laura P. Muñoz-Urrego
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Katherine Franco-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Agudelo-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Humeres
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias de Rehabilitación y el Movimiento (ICRM), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
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