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Keyser BM, Leverette R, Wertman J, Shutsky T, McRae R, Szeliga K, Makena P, Jordan K. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products. TOXICS 2024; 12:129. [PMID: 38393224 PMCID: PMC10892160 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity is an important component of tobacco product toxicological evaluations. However, current methods of regulatory testing involve exposing monolayer cell cultures to various preparations of aerosols from cigarettes or other emerging products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which are not representative of human exposure. In the present study, a whole aerosol (WA) system was used to expose lung epithelial cultures (2D and 3D) to determine the potential of six Vuse Alto ENDS products that varied in nicotine content (1.8%, 2.4%, and 5%) and flavors (Golden Tobacco, Rich Tobacco, Menthol, and Mixed Berry), along with a marketed ENDS and a marked cigarette comparator to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The WA from the Vuse Alto ENDS products was not cytotoxic in the NRU and MTT assays, nor did it activate the Nrf2 reporter gene, a marker of oxidative stress. In summary, Vuse Alto ENDS products did not induce cytotoxic or oxidative stress responses in the in vitro models. The WA exposures used in the 3D in vitro models described herein may be better suited than 2D models for the determination of cytotoxicity and other in vitro functional endpoints and represent alternative models for regulatory evaluation of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Keyser
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (R.L.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.M.); (K.J.)
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Huang R, Xiao L, Zhu J, Cheng J, Torrie J, McHugh NGL, Auger N, Luo ZC. Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074518. [PMID: 38040430 PMCID: PMC10693854 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. Cree First Nations in Quebec are at high risk for diabetes in pregnancy. We assessed whether pre-gestational or gestational diabetes may increase infant hospitalisation (an infant morbidity indicator) incidence, and whether this may be related to more frequent infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations in Quebec. DESIGN Population-based birth cohort study through administrative health data linkage. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Singleton infants (≤1 year) born to mothers in Cree (n=5070), other First Nations (9910) and non-Indigenous (48 200) communities in rural Quebec. RESULTS Both diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisation rates were much higher comparing Cree (23.7% and 29.0%) and other First Nations (12.4% and 34.1%) to non-Indigenous (5.9% and 15.5%) communities. Compared with non-diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes was associated with an increased risk of any infant hospitalisation to a greater extent in Cree and other First Nations (relative risk (RR) 1.56 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.91)) than non-Indigenous (RR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.39)) communities. Pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risks of infant hospitalisation due to diseases of multiple systems in all communities. There were no significant associations between gestational diabetes and risks of infant hospitalisation in all communities. The population attributable risk fraction of infant hospitalisations (overall) for pre-gestational diabetes was 6.2% in Cree, 1.6% in other First Nations and 0.3% in non-Indigenous communities. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to demonstrate that pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of infant hospitalisation overall and due to diseases of multiple systems, but gestational diabetes does not. High prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes may partly account for the excess infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations communities in Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Population Health Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Luna School of Public Health, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lin Xiao
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jane Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Torrie
- Public-Health Department, Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
- First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission, Wendake, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Auger
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Population Health Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Luna School of Public Health, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Zhao J, Qiao L, Shang P, Hua C, Xie Y, Li X, Ding M, Liu K, Guo J, Zhao G, Wang S, Liu H, Xie F. Effects of smokeless tobacco on cell viability, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:349-358. [PMID: 33467949 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1876800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products provide an alternative to cigarettes; however, smokeless tobacco is carcinogenic and harmful to human health. This study evaluated the toxicological effects of snus extracts and cigarette smoke total particulate matter (TPM) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treated cells were examined for cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we explored the mechanism of programmed cell death induced by snus. The results showed that snus extracts significantly inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. ROS was significantly increased in treatment groups, and anti-oxidant treatment could not prevent snus extract-induced cell death. Snus extracts induced apoptosis, DNA damage, activation and cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, pathway-related gene change, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 release in HUVECs. Snus extracts exposure may induce cytotoxicity, ROS generation, inflammatory cytokines release, and apoptosis or DNA damage through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Qiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xie
- Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meizhou Ding
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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Nonanimal toxicology testing approaches for traditional and deemed tobacco products in a complex regulatory environment: Limitations, possibilities, and future directions. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104684. [PMID: 31618670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of tobacco products is complex due to a multitude of factors including product diversity, limited testing standards, and variability in user behavior. Alternative approaches in current testing paradigms have limitations that generally truncate their applicability beyond screening for hazard identification; this is also true for toxicological evaluations of tobacco products. In a regulatory context, results from tobacco product toxicity assessments are extrapolated to the in vivo condition to assess human health relevance at the individual and population level. A key limitation of alternative approaches is the difficulty and uncertainty in extrapolating results to adverse outcomes relevant to chronic tobacco exposures in humans. This difficulty and uncertainty are increased when comparing toxicological outcomes between tobacco products. Given that the interpretation and quantification of differences in assay results (e.g., mutagenicity) for tobacco product comparison may be inconclusive, the predictive value of these approaches for human risk of relevant downstream pathologies (e.g., carcinogenesis) can be limited. Development and validation of fit-for-purpose alternative approaches that are predictive of human toxicity and dose response assays with adequate sensitivity and specificity for product comparisons would help advance the field of predictive toxicology.
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He H, Xiao L, Torrie JE, Auger N, McHugh NGL, Zoungrana H, Luo ZC. Disparities in infant hospitalizations in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in Quebec, Canada. CMAJ 2017; 189:E739-E746. [PMID: 28554947 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant mortality is higher in Indigenous than non-Indigenous populations, but comparable data on infant morbidity are lacking in Canada. We evaluated disparities in infant morbidities experienced by Indigenous populations in Canada. METHODS We used linked population-based birth and health administrative data from Quebec, Canada, to compare hospitalization rates, an indicator of severe morbidity, in First Nations, Inuit and non-Indigenous singleton infants (< 1 year) born between 1996 and 2010. RESULTS Our cohort included 19 770 First Nations, 3930 Inuit and 225 380 non-Indigenous infants. Compared with non-Indigenous infants, all-cause hospitalization rates were higher in First Nations infants (unadjusted risk ratio [RR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-2.11; fully adjusted RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.37-1.50) and in Inuit infants (unadjusted RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.87-2.05; fully adjusted RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.52). Higher risks of hospitalization (accounting for multiple comparisons) were observed for First Nations infants in 12 of 16 disease categories and for Inuit infants in 7 of 16 disease categories. Maternal characteristics (age, education, marital status, parity, rural residence and Northern residence) partly explained the risk elevations, but maternal chronic illnesses and gestational complications had negligible influence overall. Acute bronchiolitis (risk difference v. non-Indigenous infants, First Nations 37.0 per 1000, Inuit 39.6 per 1000) and pneumonia (risk difference v. non-Indigenous infants, First Nations 41.2 per 1000, Inuit 61.3 per 1000) were the 2 leading causes of excess hospitalizations in Indigenous infants. INTERPRETATION First Nations and Inuit infants had substantially elevated burdens of hospitalizations as a result of diseases of multiple systems. The findings identify substantial unmet needs in disease prevention and medical care for Indigenous infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que
| | - Lin Xiao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que
| | - Jill Elaine Torrie
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que
| | - Nathalie Auger
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que
| | - Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que
| | - Hamado Zoungrana
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (He, Luo), Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (He, Xiao, Luo), Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Public Health Department (Xiao, Torrie), Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Que.; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Auger), University of Montreal, Montréal, Que.; Research Division, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission (Gros-Louis McHugh), Wendake, Que.; Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (Zoungrana), Kuujjuaq, Que.
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Behrsing HP, Huang S, Constant S. The Use of Human 3D Reconstructed Airway Cultures for Tobacco Product Evaluation: Precision Low-Volume Exposures at the Apical Site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger P. Behrsing
- Respiratory Toxicology Program, Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Fields W, Maione A, Keyser B, Bombick B. Characterization and Application of the VITROCELL VC1 Smoke Exposure System and 3D EpiAirway Models for Toxicological and e-Cigarette Evaluations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Fields
- RAI Services Company, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Brian Keyser
- RAI Services Company, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Betsy Bombick
- RAI Services Company, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Zanetti F, Sewer A, Mathis C, Iskandar AR, Kostadinova R, Schlage WK, Leroy P, Majeed S, Guedj E, Trivedi K, Martin F, Elamin A, Merg C, Ivanov NV, Frentzel S, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems Toxicology Assessment of the Biological Impact of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product on Human Organotypic Oral Epithelial Cultures. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1252-69. [PMID: 27404394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to increase predisposition to oral cancer and is also recognized as a risk factor for many conditions including periodontal diseases, gingivitis, and other benign mucosal disorders. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach for minimizing the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco, without modifying the amount of nicotine, is a promising new paradigm in harm reduction. In this study, we compared effects of exposure to aerosol derived from a candidate modified risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, with those of CS generated from the 3R4F reference cigarette. Human organotypic oral epithelial tissue cultures (EpiOral, MatTek Corporation) were exposed for 28 min to 3R4F CS or THS2.2 aerosol, both diluted with air to comparable nicotine concentrations (0.32 or 0.51 mg nicotine/L aerosol/CS for 3R4F and 0.31 or 0.46 mg/L for THS2.2). We also tested one higher concentration (1.09 mg/L) of THS2.2. A systems toxicology approach was employed combining cellular assays (i.e., cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 activity assays), comprehensive molecular investigations of the buccal epithelial transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) by means of computational network biology, measurements of secreted proinflammatory markers, and histopathological analysis. We observed that the impact of 3R4F CS was greater than THS2.2 aerosol in terms of cytotoxicity, morphological tissue alterations, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the exposed oral cultures revealed significant perturbations in various network models such as apoptosis, necroptosis, senescence, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) signaling. The stress responses following THS2.2 aerosol exposure were markedly decreased, and the exposed cultures recovered more completely compared with those exposed to 3R4F CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Radina Kostadinova
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant , Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Merg
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Li X. In vitro toxicity testing of cigarette smoke based on the air-liquid interface exposure: A review. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:105-113. [PMID: 27470133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol comprising particulate phase and gaseous vapour phase. The air-liquid interface exposure provides a possible technical means to implement whole smoke exposure for the assessment of tobacco products. In this review, the research progress in the in vitro toxicity testing of cigarette smoke based on the air-liquid interface exposure is summarized. The contents presented involve mainly cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, systems toxicology, 3D culture and cigarette smoke dosimetry related to cigarette smoke, as well as the assessment of electronic cigarette aerosol. Prospect of the application of the air-liquid interface exposure method in assessing the biological effects of tobacco smoke is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Marx U, Andersson TB, Bahinski A, Beilmann M, Beken S, Cassee FR, Cirit M, Daneshian M, Fitzpatrick S, Frey O, Gaertner C, Giese C, Griffith L, Hartung T, Heringa MB, Hoeng J, de Jong WH, Kojima H, Kuehnl J, Luch A, Maschmeyer I, Sakharov D, Sips AJAM, Steger-Hartmann T, Tagle DA, Tonevitsky A, Tralau T, Tsyb S, van de Stolpe A, Vandebriel R, Vulto P, Wang J, Wiest J, Rodenburg M, Roth A. Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing. ALTEX 2016; 33:272-321. [PMID: 27180100 PMCID: PMC5396467 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1603161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of microphysiological systems - microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro - is envisaged to enable a global paradigm shift in drug development. An extraordinary US governmental initiative and various dedicated research programs in Europe and Asia have led recently to the first cutting-edge achievements of human single-organ and multi-organ engineering based on microphysiological systems. The expectation is that test systems established on this basis would model various disease stages, and predict toxicity, immunogenicity, ADME profiles and treatment efficacy prior to clinical testing. Consequently, this technology could significantly affect the way drug substances are developed in the future. Furthermore, microphysiological system-based assays may revolutionize our current global programs of prioritization of hazard characterization for any new substances to be used, for example, in agriculture, food, ecosystems or cosmetics, thus, replacing laboratory animal models used currently. Thirty-six experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies present here the results of an intensive workshop (held in June 2015, Berlin, Germany). They review the status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs, and assess the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle. Feasible technical solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed. Furthermore, key organ-on-a-chip case studies, as well as various national and international programs are highlighted. Finally, a roadmap into the future is outlined, to allow for more predictive and regulatory-accepted substance testing on a global scale.
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