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Chemotherapeutic and Safety Profile of a Fraction from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Stem Bark. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9031975. [PMID: 34917149 PMCID: PMC8670915 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9031975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (Fabaceae) is used by Brazilian people to treat hypertension, bronchitis, and skin infections. Herein, we evaluated the antiproliferative action of the dichloromethane fraction from M. caesalpiniifolia (DFMC) stem bark on murine tumor cells and the in vivo toxicogenetic profile. Initially, the cytotoxic activity of DFMC on primary cultures of Sarcoma 180 (S180) cells by Alamar Blue, trypan, and cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assays was assessed after 72 h of exposure, followed by the treatment of S180-bearing Swiss mice for 7 days, physiological investigations, and DNA/chromosomal damage. DFMC and betulinic acid revealed similar in vitro antiproliferative action on S180 cells and induced a reduction in viable cells, induced a reduction in viable cells and caused the emergence of bridges, buds, and morphological features of apoptosis and necrosis. S180-transplanted mice treated with DFMC (50 and 100 mg/kg/day), a betulinic acid-rich dichloromethane, showed for the first time in vivo tumor growth reduction (64.8 and 80.0%) and poorer peri- and intratumor quantities of vessels. Such antiproliferative action was associated with detectible side effects (loss of weight, reduction of spleen, lymphocytopenia, and neutrophilia and increasing of GOT and micronucleus in bone marrow), but preclinical general anticancer properties of the DFMC were not threatened by toxicological effects, and these biomedical discoveries validate the ethnopharmacological reputation of Mimosa species as emerging phytotherapy sources of lead molecules.
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Rocha-Brito KJP, Clerici SP, Cordeiro HG, Scotá Ferreira AP, Barreto Fonseca EM, Gonçalves PR, Abrantes JLF, Milani R, Massaro RR, Maria-Engler SS, Ferreira-Halder CV. Quercetin increases mitochondrial proteins (VDAC and SDH) and downmodulates AXL and PIM-1 tyrosine kinase receptors in NRAS melanoma cells. Biol Chem 2021; 403:293-303. [PMID: 34854272 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with low survival rates after it has metastasized. In order to find molecular differences that could represent targets of quercetin in anti-melanoma activity, we have chosen SKMEL-103 and SKMEL-28 melanoma cells and human melanocytes as models. Firstly, we observed that quercetin was able in reducing SKMEL-103 cell viability, but not in SKMEL-28. Besides that, quercetin treatment caused inhibition of AXL in both cell lines, but upregulation of PIM-1 in SKMEL-28 and downregulation in SKMEL-103. Moreover, HIF-1 alpha expression decreased in both cell lines. Interestingly, quercetin was more effective against SKMEL-103 than kinases inhibitors, such as Imatinib, Temsirolimus, U0126, and Erlotinib. Interestingly, we observed that while the levels of succinate dehydrogenase and voltage-dependent anion channel increased in SKMEL-103, both proteins were downregulated in SKMEL-28 after quercetin's treatment. Furthermore, AKT, AXL, PIM-1, ABL kinases were much more active and chaperones HSP90, HSP70 and GAPDH were highly expressed in SKMEL-103 cells in comparison with melanocytes. Our findings indicate, for the first time, that the efficacy of quercetin to kill melanoma cells depends on its ability in inhibiting tyrosine kinase and upregulating mitochondrial proteins, at least when SKMEL-103 and SKMEL-28 cells response were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J P Rocha-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University Center of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stefano Piatto Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Helon Guimarães Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Petrina Scotá Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Maria Barreto Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo. São Roque, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola R Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Laura F Abrantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Milani
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Ramos Massaro
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
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Sbardelotto AB, Barros-Nepomuceno FWA, Soares BM, Cavalcanti BC, Ramos de Sousa RW, Costa MPD, Pessoa ODL, Pessoa C, Ferreira PMP. Cellular and biochemical antileukemic mechanisms of the meroterpenoid Oncocalyxone A. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:95-111. [PMID: 33092495 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1835763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncocalyxone A, a 1,4-benzoquinone derived from Cordia oncocalyx, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to (1) examine the cytotoxic actions of oncocalyxone A on human normal and tumor cell lines and (2) determine mechanistic actions underlying effects upon leukemia cells using cellular and molecular techniques. Antiproliferative studies on cancer cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human erythrocytes were performed using colorimetric assays. To understand cytotoxicity, assessments were performed with HL-60 leukemia cells (8, 16.5, or 33 µM) after 24 hr incubation using light and fluorescence microscopy, trypan blue, flow cytometry, Comet assay, western blot of caspases and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and effects on topoisomerase I and II. Oncocalyxone A exhibited cytotoxic action upon HL-60 cells and dividing leukocytes, but minimal hemolytic action on erythrocytes. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated reduction of cell viability, loss of membrane integrity, cell shrinking, chromatin condensation, blebbings, externalization of phosphatidylserine, caspase activation, PARP cleavage, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine 4 mM significantly reduced DNA damage and prevented membrane integrity loss. Oncocalyxone A displayed free radical dependent antileukemic activity via apoptotic pathways and induced DNA damage in HL-60 cells. Oncocalyxone A possesses structural chemical simplicity enabling it to be a cost-effective alternative. These properties justify further improvements to enhance activity and selectivity and the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Abbreviations Acridine orange, AO; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BSA, bovine serum albumin; DI, Damage Index; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EC50, effective concentration 50%; EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; EB, ethidium bromide; HCT-116, colon carcinoma line; HL-60, promyelocytic leukemia line; IC50, inhibitory concentration 50%; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OVCAR-8, ovarian carcinoma line; NAC, N-acetylcysteine, PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PI, propidium iodide; PARP, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase; RPMI-1640, Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium; SF-295, glioblastoma line; ROS, reactive oxygen species; 7-AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin D; H2-DCF-DA, 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Borba Sbardelotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Marques Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
| | - Marcília Pinheiro da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
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Pedrosa AM, Barbosa MC, Santos TND, Leal LKAM, Lopes ADA, Elias DBD, Sasahara GL, Cavalcanti BC, Gonçalves RP. Cytotoxicity and DNA damage in the neutrophils of patients with sickle cell anaemia treated with hydroxyurea. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is the most important advance in the treatment of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) for preventing complications and improving quality of life for patients. However, some aspects of treatment with HU remain unclear, including their effect on and potential toxicity to other blood cells such as neutrophils. This study used the measurement of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Methyl ThiazolTetrazolium (MTT) and the comet assay to investigate the cytotoxicity and damage index (DI) of the DNA in the neutrophils of patients with SCA using HU.In the LDH and MTT assays, a cytoprotective effect was observed in the group of patients treated, as well as an absence of toxicity. When compared to patients without the treatment, the SS group (n=20, 13 women and 07 men, aged 18-69 years), and the group of healthy individuals (AA) used as a control group (n=52, 28 women and 24 men, aged 19-60 years), The SSHU group (n=21, 11 women and 10 men, aged 19-63 years) showed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in LDH activity and an increase in the percentage of viable cells by the MTT (p<0.001). However, the SSHU group presented significantly higher DI values (49.57±6.0 U/A) when compared to the AA group (7.43 ± 0,94U/A) and the SS group (22.73 ±5.58 U/A) (p<0.0001), especially when treated for longer periods (>20 months), demonstrating that despite the cytoprotective effects in terms of cell viability, the use of HU can induce DNA damage in neutrophils.
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Pita JCLR, Xavier AL, de Sousa TKG, Mangueira VM, Tavares JF, Júnior RJDO, Veras RC, Pessoa HDLF, da Silva MS, Morelli S, Ávila VDMR, da Silva TG, Diniz MDFFM, Castello-Branco MVS. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of trachylobane-360, a diterpene from Xylopia langsdorffiana. Molecules 2012; 17:9573-89. [PMID: 22885357 PMCID: PMC6269042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trachylobane-360 (ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid) was isolated from Xylopia langsdorffiana. Studies have shown that it has weak cytotoxic activity against tumor and non-tumor cells. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of trachylobane-360, as well as its cytotoxicity in mouse erythrocytes. In order to evaluate the in vivo toxicological aspects related to trachylobane-360 administration, hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses of the treated animals were performed. The compound exhibited a concentration-dependent effect in inducing hemolysis with HC50 of 273.6 µM, and a moderate in vitro concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of sarcoma 180 cells with IC50 values of 150.8 µM and 150.4 µM, evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion test and MTT reduction assay, respectively. The in vivo inhibition rates of sarcoma 180 tumor development were 45.60, 71.99 and 80.06% at doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg of trachylobane-360 and 25 mg/kg of 5-FU, respectively. Biochemical parameters were not altered. Leukopenia was observed after 5-FU treatment, but this effect was not seen with trachylobane-360 treatment. The histopathological analysis of liver and kidney showed that both organs were mildly affected by trachylobane-360 treatment. Trachylobane-360 showed no immunosuppressive effect. In conclusion, these data reinforce the anticancer potential of this natural diterpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Lima Rodrigues Pita
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Aline Lira Xavier
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Tatyanna Kelvia Gomes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Vivianne Mendes Mangueira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Robson José de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, P.O. Box 593, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (R.J.O.J.); (S.M.); (V.M.R.A.)
| | - Robson Cavalcante Veras
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Hilzeth de Luna Freire Pessoa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Sandra Morelli
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, P.O. Box 593, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (R.J.O.J.); (S.M.); (V.M.R.A.)
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, P.O. Box 593, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (R.J.O.J.); (S.M.); (V.M.R.A.)
| | | | - Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral Castello-Branco
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, P.O. Box 5009, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (J.C.L.R.P.); (A.L.X.); (T.K.G.S.); (V.M.M.); (J.F.T.); (R.C.V.); (H.L.F.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.F.F.M.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-83-3216-7003; Fax: +55-83-3216-7427
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Vaz JA, Almeida GM, Ferreira ICFR, Martins A, Vasconcelos MH. Clitocybe alexandri extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a lung cancer cell line: Identification of phenolic acids with cytotoxic potential. Food Chem 2011; 132:482-6. [PMID: 26434319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms are a possible rich source of biologically active compounds with the potential for drug discovery. The aim of this work was to gain further insight into the cytotoxicity mechanism of action of Clitocybe alexandri ethanolic extract against a lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460 cells). The effects on cell cycle profile and levels of apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the effect on the expression levels of proteins related to cellular apoptosis was also investigated by Western blot. The extract was characterised regarding its phenolic composition by HPLC-DAD, and the identified compounds were studied regarding their growth inhibitory activity, by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The effect of individual or combined compounds on viable cell number was also evaluated using the Trypan blue exclusion assay. It was observed that the C. alexandri extract induced an S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. In addition, treatment with the GI50 concentration (concentration that was able to cause 50% of cell growth inhibition; 24.8μg/ml) for 48h caused an increase in the levels of wt. p53, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The main components identified in this extract were protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids. Cinnamic acid was found to be the most potent compound regarding cell growth inhibition. Nevertheless, it was verified that the concomitant use of the individual compounds provided the strongest decrease in viable cell number. Overall, evidence was found for alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis, involving p53 and caspase-3. Furthermore, our data suggests that the phenolic acids identified in the extract are at least partially responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by this mushroom extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiana A Vaz
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal; CIMO - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; CEQUIMED-UP - Center of Medicinal Chemistry-University of Porto, Portugal; Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Av. D. Afonso V, 5300-121 Bragança, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Almeida
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- CIMO - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Martins
- CIMO - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
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Cavalcanti BC, Barros FWA, Cabral IO, Ferreira JRO, Magalhães HIF, Júnior HVN, da Silva Júnior EN, de Abreu FC, Costa CO, Goulart MOF, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Preclinical genotoxicology of nor-β-lapachone in human cultured lymphocytes and Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1560-74. [PMID: 21830773 DOI: 10.1021/tx200180y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nor-β-lapachone has shown several biological properties. Regarding cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, it has been recognized as an important prototype. However, quinonoid drugs present a major challenge because of their toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and genetic toxicity of nor-β-lapachone in human lymphocytes and HL-60 leukemia cells and murine V79 fibroblasts, to shed some light on its selectivity toward cancer cells. As measured by MTT test, exposure of V79 cells to nor-β-lapachone resulted in a weak cytotoxicity (IC(50) = 13.41 μM), and at a concentration up to 21.9 μM, no cytotoxic effect was observed in lymphocytes, while in HL-60 cells, nor-β-lapachone elicited significantly greater cytotoxicity (IC(50) = 1.89 μM). Cultures coexposed to GSH-OEt showed an increased viability, which may indicate a neutralization of ROS generated by quinonoid treatment. In fact, only the highest concentrations of nor-β-lapachone (10 or 20 μM) caused an increase in oxidative stress in nontumor levels cells as measured by TBARS and nitrite/nitrate detection. This was accompanied by an alteration in intracellular thiol content. However, NAC pre-exposure restored the redox equilibrium of the cells and the concentration of thiol levels to control values. Nor-β-lapachone at 2.5 and 5 μM failed to induce DNA damage in nontumor cells, but at the highest concentrations tested, it induced single and double DNA strand breaks and increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Interestingly, these damages were prevented by NAC pretreatment or exacerbated by prior exposure to the GSH-depleting agent 1-bromoheptane. In electrochemical experiments, nor-β-lapachone at the same concentrations as those used in genotoxic tests did not damage DNA directly, but at the highest concentration tested (200 μM), it caused a very weak DNA interaction. Corroborating electrochemical data, oxidative modifications of DNA bases were observed, as checked by DNA repair enzymes EndoIII and FPG, which reinforced the indirect actions caused by nor-β-lapachone through ROS generation and not via DNA intercalation. The DNA repair capacities were higher for nontumor cells than for leukemia cells, which may be related to the selective cytoxicity of nor-β-lapachone toward cancer cells. Our data suggest that ROS play an important role in nor-β-lapachone toxicity and that its DNA-damaging effect occurs only at concentrations several times higher than that needed for its antiproliferative effect on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Cavalcanti
- National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Amyrin esters induce cell death by apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:1268-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Grosicka-Maciąg E, Kurpios-Piec D, Grzela T, Czeczot H, Skrzycki M, Szumiło M, Rahden-Staroń I. Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against disulfiram-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in V79 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 248:210-6. [PMID: 20708635 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on disulfiram (DSF) induced oxidative stress in Chinese hamster fibroblast cells (V79). An increase in oxidative stress induced by DSF was observed up to a 200 μM concentration. It was evidenced by a statistically significant increase of both GSH(t) and GSSG levels, as well as elevated protein carbonyl (PC) content. There was no increase in lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS). DSF increased CAT activity, but did not change SOD1 and SOD2 activities. Analysis of GSH related enzymes showed that DSF significantly increased GR activity, did not change Se-dependent GPx, but statistically significantly decreased non-Se-dependent GPx activity. DSF showed also pro-apoptotic activity. NAC alone did not produce any significant changes, besides an increase of GSH(t) level, in any of the variables measured. However, pre-treatment of cells with NAC ameliorated DSF-induced changes. NAC pre-treatment restored the viability of DSF-treated cells evaluated by Trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT test, GSSG level, and protein carbonyl content to the control values as well as it reduced pro-apoptotic activity of DSF. The increase of CAT and GR activity was not reversed. Activity of both GPx was significantly increased compared to their values after DSF treatment. In conclusion, oxidative properties are at least partially attributable to the cellular effects of disulfiram and mechanisms induced by NAC pre-treatment may lower or even abolish the observed effects. These observations illustrate the importance of the initial cellular redox state in terms of cell response to disulfiram exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Grosicka-Maciąg
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Banacha 1, Poland
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Pinkerton D, Banwell M, Garson M, Kumar N, de Moraes M, Cavalcanti B, Barros F, Pessoa C. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Synthetically Derived Tambjamines C and E - J, BE-18591, and a Related Alkaloid from the Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1311-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Costa PMD, Ferreira PMP, Bolzani VDS, Furlan M, de Freitas Formenton Macedo Dos Santos VA, Corsino J, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV, Montenegro RC, Pessoa C. Antiproliferative activity of pristimerin isolated from Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) in human HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:854-63. [PMID: 18296021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pristimerin has been shown to be cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines. In the present work, the cytotoxicity of pristimerin was evaluated in human tumor cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This work also examined the effects of pristimerin (0.4; 0.8 and 1.7 microM) in HL-60 cells, after 6, 12 and 24h of exposure. Pristimerin reduced the number of viable cells and increased number of non-viable cells in a concentration-dependent manner by tripan blue test showing morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Nevertheless, pristimerin was not selective to cancer cells, since it inhibited PBMC proliferation with an IC50 of 0.88 microM. DNA synthesis inhibition assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in HL-60 cells was 70% and 83% for the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 microM, respectively. Pristimerin (10 and 20 microM) was not able to inhibit topoisomerase I. In AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining, all tested concentrations reduced the number of HL-60 viable cells, with the occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, results in agreement with trypan blue exclusion findings. The analysis of membrane integrity and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry in the presence of pristimerin indicated that treated cells underwent apoptosis. The present data point to the importance of pristimerin as representative of an emerging class of potential anticancer chemicals, exhibiting an antiproliferative effect by inhibiting DNA synthesis and triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marçal da Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Campus do Porangabussu, UFC, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Rosa RM, do Nascimento Picada J, Saffi J, Henriques JAP. Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of diphenyl diselenide in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 628:87-98. [PMID: 17223377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is an electrophilic reagent used in the synthesis of a variety of pharmacologically active organic selenium compounds, and may increase the risk of human exposure to this chemical at the workplace. In a previous study, we demonstrated the pro-oxidant action and the mutagenic properties of this compound on bacteria and yeast. In the present study, we evaluated the putative cytotoxic, pro-oxidant, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties of this molecule in V79 Chinese lung fibroblast cells. When cells were treated with increasing concentrations of DPDS, its cytotoxic activity, as determined using four cell viability endpoints, occurs in doses up to 50 microM. The MTT reduction was stimulated, which may indicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Accordingly, the treatment of cells for 3h with cytotoxic doses of DPDS increased TBARS levels, and sensitized cells to oxidative challenge, indicating a pro-oxidant effect. The measurement of total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione showed that DPDS can lead to lower intracellular glutathione depletion, with no increase in the oxidation rate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At the higher doses, DPDS generates DNA strand breaks, as observed using the comet assay. The treatment also induced an increase in the number of binucleated cells in the micronucleus test, showing mutagenic risk by this molecule at high concentrations. Finally, pre-incubation with N-acetylcysteine, which restored GSH to normal levels, annulled DPDS pro-oxidant and genotoxic effects. These findings show that DPDS-induced oxidative stress and toxicity are closely related to intracellular level of reduced glutathione. Moreover, at lower doses, this molecule has antioxidant properties, protecting the cell against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Moreira Rosa
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Melo PS, Fabrin-Neto JB, de Moraes SG, Assalin MR, Durán N, Haun M. Comparative toxicity of effluents processed by different treatments in V79 fibroblasts and the algae Selenastrum capricornutum. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 62:1207-13. [PMID: 16337671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of ozonation and of photocatalysis processing in the treatment of pulp mill ECF (elementary chlorine free) bleaching and textile effluents was evaluated by determining total organic carbon reduction (TOC) and the toxicity. The chronic toxicity of the effluents was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the growth of algae Selenastrum capricornutum. Cultured hamster V79 fibroblasts were used to assess the cytotoxicity of effluents submitted to different detoxification processes. Two endpoints were measured in V79 cells: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and neutral red uptake (NRU). Both treatment processes were able to reduce the TOC, although ozonization was less effective for pulp mill ECF bleaching. The pulp mill ECF bleaching and textile effluents reduced the growth of S. capricornutum by 39% and 27%, respectively. However, at the highest concentration tested, the textile effluents treated by photochemical process for 60 min showed increased cytotoxicity in V79 cells compared to the untreated effluent when assessed by the NRU and MTT reduction assays (increases of 30% and 40%, respectively). Pulp mill ECF bleaching effluent treated by ozonization had a similar cytotoxicity to that of untreated effluent in the NRU assay. In contrast, the MTT reduction assay indicated that effluents treated with ozone were around 20% more cytotoxic than untreated effluents. These results show that cultured fibroblasts may be useful for studying cellular responses to pollutants and may be included in tests to monitor the efficiency of effluent detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silva Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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Militão GCG, Dantas INF, Pessoa C, Falcão MJC, Silveira ER, Lima MAS, Curi R, Lima T, Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV. Induction of apoptosis by pterocarpans from Platymiscium floribundum in HL-60 human leukemia cells. Life Sci 2005; 78:2409-17. [PMID: 16316665 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(+)-2,3,9-Trimethoxy-pterocarpan (1) (+)-3,9-dimethoxy-pterocarpan [(+)-homopterocarpin] (2), (+)-3-hydroxy-9-methoxy-pterocarpan [(+)-medicarpin] (3) and (+)-3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-pterocarpan [(+)-vesticarpan] (4) are cytotoxic pterocarpans isolated from the native Brazilian plant Platymiscium floribundum. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether induction of apoptosis and/or inhibition of DNA synthesis is involved in the cytotoxicity of these pterocarpans in human leukemia cells. The effect on cell viability determined using the trypan exclusion assay revealed that all compounds tested reduced the number of viable cells, while only in the presence of 3 and 4, there was an increase of nonviable cells. The analysis of membrane integrity and morphological modifications by flow cytometry in the presence of these two compounds indicated that treated cells undergo necrosis, while 1 and 2 trigger apoptosis. DNA synthesis seemed to be affected since BrdU incorporation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of all tested compounds. Pterocarpan treatment also induced an increase in the amount of subdiploid DNA, indicating internucleosomal DNA breakdown, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3 activation, which indicate apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gardenia C G Militão
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P.O. Box-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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da Silva Melo P, Durán N, Haun M. Cytotoxicity of derivatives from dehydrocrotonin on V79 cells and Escherichia coli. Toxicology 2001; 159:135-41. [PMID: 11223169 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New derivatives from dehydrocrotonin (DHC, compound I), with the same anti-ulcerogenic properties but less toxicity were synthesised by reducing the cyclohexenone moiety of DHC with NaBH(4) (compound II), by reducing the cyclohexenone and lactone moieties with LiAlH(4) (compound III) and by transforming the lactone moiety into an amide (compound IV) using dimethylamine. The cytotoxicity of these derivatives from DHC was assayed on V79 fibroblast cell line. Three independent endpoints for cytotoxicity were evaluated; namely, the nucleic acid content (NAC), tetrazolium reduction (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU). IC(50) values of 540 and 350 microM were obtained for compound II in the NRU and NAC tests, respectively. Compound III was less toxic than the other DHC derivatives (IC(50)=1800 microM) on V79 cells based on NAC assay. Compound IV showed an IC(50) ranging from 350 to 600 microM based on the three endpoints evaluated. The three compounds were less toxic on V79 cells than DHC. DHC, compounds II, III and IV did not change the respiration rate of Escherichia coli on the acute toxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- P da Silva Melo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6110, Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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