James AH, Brancazio LR, Gehrig TR, Wang A, Ortel TL. Low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;
19:543-9. [PMID:
16966122 DOI:
10.1080/14767050600886666]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy in a woman with a mechanical heart valve is a life-threatening situation. Due to the inability of unfractionated heparin to prevent valvular thromboses, warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists have been the preferred anticoagulants for the mother. They are, however, potentially harmful to the fetus. With the advent of low-molecular-weight heparins, clinicians were hopeful for an alternative that was safe for the fetus, but more effective than unfractionated heparin, which carries a 29-33% risk of life-threatening thromboses and a 7-15% chance of mortality. Unfortunately, fatal thromboses have occurred with low-molecular-weight heparin as well.
METHODS
We searched the MEDLINE database and other sources to identify cases of the use of low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in women with mechanical heart valves.
RESULTS
We found 73 cases and added three of our own for a total of 76. There were 17 thrombotic events (22%). Thirteen were valve thromboses, two were strokes, and two were myocardial infarctions. There were three deaths (4%).
CONCLUSIONS
While pregnant women with mechanical heart valves who receive low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis are at extremely high risk of life-threatening thromboses, there is no evidence that low-molecular-weight heparin is inferior to unfractionated heparin.
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