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Ryalino C, Sahinovic MM, Drost G, Absalom AR. Intraoperative monitoring of the central and peripheral nervous systems: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:285-299. [PMID: 38114354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems are the primary target organs during anaesthesia. At the time of the inception of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, monitoring of the central nervous system comprised clinical observation, which provided only limited information. During the 100 yr since then, and particularly in the past few decades, significant progress has been made, providing anaesthetists with tools to obtain real-time assessments of cerebral neurophysiology during surgical procedures. In this narrative review article, we discuss the rationale and uses of electroencephalography, evoked potentials, near-infrared spectroscopy, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for intraoperative monitoring of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ryalino
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marko M Sahinovic
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Drost
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Turra J, Bauer A, Möbius A, Wojdyla J, Eisner C. Kinetics of tissue oxygenation index during fast and slow cardiopulmonary bypass initiation. Perfusion 2023; 38:574-579. [PMID: 35077261 PMCID: PMC10026154 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211068972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being a daily clinical application in cardiac operating theaters, an evidence-based approach on how to optimally initiate the heart-lung machine (HLM) to prevent critical phases of cerebral ischemia is still lacking. We therefore designed a study comparing two different initiation times for starting the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS We conducted a monocentric, randomized, and prospective study comparing the impact of two initiation times, a rapid initiation of 15 s and a slow initiation of 180 s to reach the full target flow rate of 2.5 L/min/m2 times the body surface area, on cerebral tissue oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy measurements. RESULTS The absolute values in tissue oxygenation index (TOI) showed no difference between the groups before and after the CPB with a 10% drop in oxygenation index in both groups due to the hemodilution through the HLM priming. Looking at the kinetics a rapid initiation of CPB produced a higher negative rate of change in TOI with a total of 21% in critical oxygenation readings compared to 6% in the slow initiation group. CONCLUSION In order to avoid critical phases of cerebral ischemia during the initiation of CPB for cardiac procedures, we propose an initiation time of at least 90 s to reach the 100% of target flow rate of the HLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Turra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 27178University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Bauer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mediclin Heartcenter Coswig, Coswig, Germany
| | - Andreas Möbius
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 27178University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob Wojdyla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 23536Sunnyside Medical Center, Oregon, USA
| | - Christoph Eisner
- Department of Anesthesiology, 27178University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Milne B, Gilbey T, Gautel L, Kunst G. Neuromonitoring and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:2098-2113. [PMID: 34420812 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery can present with diverse clinical phenotypes, which include postoperative delirium, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and stroke, and it presents a significant healthcare burden for both patients and providers. Neurologic monitoring during cardiac surgery includes several modalities assessing cerebral perfusion and oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler and jugular venous bulb saturation monitoring) and those that measure cerebral function (processed and unprocessed electroencephalogram), reflecting an absence of a single, definitive neuromonitor. This narrative review briefly describes the technologic basis of these neuromonitoring modalities, before exploring their use in clinical practice, both as tools to predict neurocognitive dysfunction, and with a bundle of interventions designed to optimize cerebral oxygen supply, with the aim of reducing postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Milne
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Gilbey
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Livia Gautel
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Biological Sciences in Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Gudrun Kunst
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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Lian C, Li P, Wang N, Lu Y, Shangguan W. Comparison of basic regional cerebral oxygen saturation values in patients of different ages: a pilot study. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520936868. [PMID: 32833525 PMCID: PMC7448148 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the basic values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) among different age groups. Methods One hundred twenty patients who were scheduled for elective surgery aged 0 to 80 years (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status I or II) or neonates just after birth via cesarean section were enrolled and divided into the following six groups: infant (0 month and ≤12 months), toddler (>1 and ≤3 years old), preschool (>3 and ≤6 years old), school age (>6 and ≤18 years old), adult (>18 and ≤65 years old), and elderly (>65 and ≤80 years old) groups. There were 20 patients in each group. Results The basic values of rSO2 in infant, toddler, preschool, school age, adults, and elderly groups were 70.41% ± 4.66%, 72.43% ± 3.81%, 70.77% ± 3.27%, 70.62% ± 2.20%, 69.76% ± 6.02%, and 62.69% ± 3.14%, respectively. The basic value in the elderly group was lower compared with other five groups. There was no significant difference among infant, toddler, preschool age, school age, and adult groups. Conclusions The basic value of rSO2 in elderly patients is lower. Age is an important factor that affects the underlying value of rSO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wangning Shangguan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Sanfilippo F, Murabito P, Messina A, Dezio V, Busalacchi D, Ristagno G, Cecconi M, Astuto M. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2020; 159:19-27. [PMID: 33333181 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Predicting the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in victims of cardiac arrest (CA) remains challenging. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) measured during resuscitation is feasible, and higher initial and overall values seem associated with ROSC. However, these observations were limited to the analysis of few small single-centre studies. There is a growing number of studies evaluating the role of cerebral rSO2 in the prediction of ROSC. METHODS We conducted an updated meta-analysis aimed at investigating the association of initial and overall values of cerebral rSO2 with ROSC after CA. We performed subgroups analyses according to the location of CA and conducted a secondary analysis according to the country where the study was conducted (resuscitation practice varies greatly for out-of-hospital CA). RESULTS We included 17 studies. Higher initial rSO2 values (11 studies, n = 2870, 16.6% achieved ROSC) were associated with ROSC: Mean Difference (MD) -11.54 [95%Confidence Interval (CI)-20.96, -2.12]; p = 0.02 (I2 = 97%). The secondary analysis confirmed this finding when pooling together European and USA studies, but did not for Japanese studies (p = 0.06). One multi-centre Japanese study was an outlier with large influence on 95%CI. Higher overall rSO2 values during resuscitation (9 studies, n = 894, 33.7% achieving ROSC) were associated with ROSC: MD-10.38; [-13.73, -7.03]; p < 0.00001 (I2 = 77%). All studies were conducted in Europe/USA. CONCLUSIONS This updated meta-analysis confirmed the association between higher initial and overall values of cerebral rSO2 and ROSC after CA. However, we found geographical differences, since this association was not present when Japanese studies were analysed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Sanfilippo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Murabito
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy; Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Messina
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Veronica Dezio
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Diana Busalacchi
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Marinella Astuto
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy; Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Denault A, Shaaban Ali M, Couture EJ, Beaubien-Souligny W, Bouabdallaoui N, Brassard P, Mailhot T, Jacquet-Lagrèze M, Lamarche Y, Deschamps A. A Practical Approach to Cerebro-Somatic Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Whole-Body Ultrasound. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33 Suppl 1:S11-S37. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Frey K, Rehm M, Chappell D, Eisenlohr J, Crispin A, Saller T, Groene P, Ockert B, Hofmann-Kiefer KF. Preemptive volume therapy to prevent hemodynamic changes caused by the beach chair position: hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 versus Ringer's acetate-a controlled randomized trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018; 27:2129-2138. [PMID: 30322751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic instability frequently occurs in beach chair positioning for surgery, putting patients at risk for cerebral adverse events. This study examined whether preoperative volume loading with crystalloids alone or with a crystalloid-colloid combination can prevent hemodynamic changes that may be causative for unfavorable neurologic outcomes. METHODS The study randomly assigned 43 adult patients undergoing shoulder surgery to 3 study groups. Each group received an infusion of 500 mL of Ringer's acetate between induction of anesthesia and being placed in the beach chair position. The crystalloid group received an additional bolus of 1000 mL Ringer's acetate. The hydroxyethyl starch group was administered an additional bolus of 500 mL of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4. Hemodynamic monitoring was accomplished via an esophageal Doppler probe. Cerebral oxygen saturation was examined with near-infrared spectroscopy. Changes in stroke volume variation between the prone and beach chair positions were defined as the primary outcome parameter. Secondary outcomes were changes in cardiac output and cerebral oxygen saturation. RESULTS The control group was prematurely stopped after enrollment of 4 patients because of adverse events. In the hydroxyethyl starch group, stroke volume variation remained constant during positioning maneuvers (P = .35), whereas a significant increase was observed in the Ringer's acetate group (P < .01; P = .014 for intergroup comparison). This was also valid for changes in cardiac output. Cerebral oxygen saturation significantly decreased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Preprocedural boluses of 500 mL of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 as well as 1000 mL of Ringer's acetate were efficient in preserving hemodynamic conditions during beach chair position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Frey
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Chappell
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Eisenlohr
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Crispin
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Saller
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Groene
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben Ockert
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Schmidt C, Heringlake M, Kellner P, Berggreen AE, Maurer H, Brandt S, Bucsky B, Petersen M, Charitos EI. The effects of systemic oxygenation on cerebral oxygen saturation and its relationship to mixed venous oxygen saturation: A prospective observational study comparison of the INVOS and ForeSight Elite cerebral oximeters. Can J Anaesth 2018; 65:766-775. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-018-1093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Intraoperative cerebral oximetry-based management for optimizing perioperative outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth 2018; 65:529-542. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-018-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Einalou Z, Maghooli K, Setarehdan SK, Akin A. Graph theoretical approach to functional connectivity in prefrontal cortex via fNIRS. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:041407. [PMID: 28840159 PMCID: PMC5565675 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been proposed as an affordable, fast, and robust alternative to many neuroimaging modalities yet it still has long way to go to be adapted in the clinic. One request from the clinicians has been the delivery of a simple and straightforward metric (a so-called biomarker) from the vast amount of data a multichannel fNIRS system provides. We propose a simple-straightforward signal processing algorithm derived from [Formula: see text] data collected during a modified version of the color-word matching Stroop task that consists of three different conditions. The algorithm starts with a wavelet-transform-based preprocessing, then uses partial correlation analysis to compute the functional connectivity matrices at each condition and then computes the global efficiency values. To this end, a continuous wave 16 channels fNIRS device (ARGES Cerebro, Hemosoft Inc., Turkey) was used to measure the changes in [Formula: see text] concentrations from 12 healthy volunteers. We have considered 10% of strongest connections in each network. A strong Stroop interference effect was found between the incongruent against neutral condition ([Formula: see text]) while a similar significance was observed for the global efficiency values decreased from neutral to congruent to incongruent conditions [[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]]. The findings bring us closer to delivering a biomarker derived from fNIRS data that can be reliably and easily adopted by the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Einalou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Maghooli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Address all correspondence to: Keivan Maghooli, E-mail:
| | - Seyaed Kamaledin Setarehdan
- University of Tehran, Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Akin
- Acibadem University, Department of Medical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chan MJ, Chung T, Glassford NJ, Bellomo R. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:1155-1165. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ferraris A, Jacquet-Lagrèze M, Fellahi JL. Four-wavelength near-infrared peripheral oximetry in cardiac surgery patients: a comparison between EQUANOX and O3. J Clin Monit Comput 2017; 32:253-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-017-0025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
A mismatch between cerebral oxygen supply and demand can lead to cerebral hypoxia/ischemia and deleterious outcomes. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring is an important aspect of multimodality neuromonitoring. It is increasingly deployed whenever intracranial pressure monitoring is indicated. Although there is a large body of evidence demonstrating an association between cerebral hypoxia/ischemia and poor outcomes, it remains to be determined whether restoring cerebral oxygenation leads to improved outcomes. Randomized prospective studies are required to address uncertainties about cerebral oxygenation monitoring and management. This article describes the different methods of monitoring cerebral oxygenation, their indications, evidence base, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kirkman
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Martin Smith
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Lindsay H, Srinivas C, Djaiani G. Neuroprotection during aortic surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2016; 30:283-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Holmgaard F, Vedel AG, Langkilde A, Nilsson JC, Ravn HB. Does depth of the frontal sinus affect near-infrared spectroscopy measurement? Perfusion 2016; 31:659-661. [PMID: 27235422 DOI: 10.1177/0267659116649425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method that reflects real-time cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) by the use of two adhesive optodes placed on the forehead of the patient. Frontal sinuses vary anatomically and a large frontal sinus might compromise the NIRS signal since the NIRS optodes are placed at the skin surface superficial to the underlying frontal sinus. The aim of this case-series was to elucidate whether there is a difference in the obligate changes in rSO2 during cardiac surgery between patients with a small as opposed to a large anterior-posterior distance of the frontal sinus based on magnetic resonance imaging. Two matched groups with small (n = 5) vs. large (n = 5) frontal sinus (3.2 vs. 18.1 millimeters) in this case-series showed no difference in obligate changes of rSO2 (p = 0.54).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Holmgaard
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne G Vedel
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Langkilde
- 2 Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens C Nilsson
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Berg Ravn
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hu Z, Xu L, Zhu Z, Seal R, McQuillan PM. Effects of Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Internal Jugular Bulb Venous Oxygen Saturation, Cerebral Oxygen Saturation, and Bispectral Index in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2483. [PMID: 26765454 PMCID: PMC4718280 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), internal jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and bispectral index (BIS) used to monitor cerebral oxygen balance in pediatric patients.Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists Class II-III patients aged 1 to 4 years old with congenital heart disease scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were included in this study. Temperature, BIS, rSO2, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and hematocrit were recorded. Internal jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation and SvO2 were obtained from blood gas analysis at the time points: after induction of anesthesia (T0), beginning of CPB (T1), ascending aortic occlusion (T2), 20 minutes after initiating CPB (T3), coronary reperfusion (T4), separation from CPB (T5), and at the end of operation (T6). The effect of hypothermia or changes in CPP on rSO2, SjvO2, SvO2, and BIS were analyzed.Compared with postinduction baseline values, rSO2 significantly decreased at all-time points: onset of extracorporeal circulation, ascending aortic occlusion, 20 minutes after CPB initiation, coronary reperfusion, and separation from CPB (P < 0.05). Compared with measurements made following induction of anesthesia, SjvO2 significantly increased with initiation of CPB, ascending aortic occlusion, 20 minutes after initiating CPB, coronary reperfusion, and separation from CPB (P < 0.05). Compared with induction of anesthesia, BIS significantly decreased with the onset of CPB, aortic cross clamping, 20 minutes after initiating CPB, and coronary reperfusion (P < 0.05). Bispectral index increased following separation from CPB. There was no significant change in SvO2 during cardiopulmonary bypass (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that rSO2 was positively related to CPP (r = 0.687, P = 0.000), with a low linear correlation to temperature (r = 0.453, P = 0.000). Internal jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation was negatively related to temperature (r = -0.689, P = 0.000). Bispectral index was positively related to both temperature (r = 0.824, P = 0.000) and CPP (r = 0.782, P = 0.000). Cerebral oxygen saturation had a positive linear correlation with CPP and a low linear correlation to temperature. Internal jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation had a negative linear correlation to temperature.Pre-and and early postbypass periods are vulnerable times for adequate cerebral oxygenation. Anesthetic management must aim to optimize the supply and demand relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University (ZH, ZZ); Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China (LX); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (RS); and Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (PMM)
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Sanfilippo F, Serena G, Corredor C, Benedetto U, Maybauer MO, Al-Subaie N, Madden B, Oddo M, Cecconi M. Cerebral oximetry and return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2015; 94:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jindal U, Sood M, Dutta A, Chowdhury SR. Development of Point of Care Testing Device for Neurovascular Coupling From Simultaneous Recording of EEG and NIRS During Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2015; 3:2000112. [PMID: 27170897 PMCID: PMC4848058 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2015.2389230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a point of care testing device for neurovascular coupling (NVC) from simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Here, anodal tDCS modulated cortical neural activity leading to hemodynamic response can be used to identify the impaired cerebral microvessels functionality. The impairments in the cerebral microvessels functionality may lead to impairments in the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), where severely reduced CVR predicts the chances of transient ischemic attack and ipsilateral stroke. The neural and hemodynamic responses to anodal tDCS were studied through joint imaging with EEG and NIRS, where NIRS provided optical measurement of changes in tissue oxy-([Formula: see text] and deoxy-([Formula: see text]) hemoglobin concentration and EEG captured alterations in the underlying neuronal current generators. Then, a cross-correlation method for the assessment of NVC underlying the site of anodal tDCS is presented. The feasibility studies on healthy subjects and stroke survivors showed detectable changes in the EEG and the NIRS responses to a 0.526 A/[Formula: see text] of anodal tDCS. The NIRS system was bench tested on 15 healthy subjects that showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) difference in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the ON- and OFF-states of anodal tDCS where the mean SNR of the NIRS device was found to be 42.33 ± 1.33 dB in the ON-state and 40.67 ± 1.23 dB in the OFF-state. Moreover, the clinical study conducted on 14 stroke survivors revealed that the lesioned hemisphere with impaired circulation showed significantly (p < 0.01) less change in [Formula: see text] than the nonlesioned side in response to anodal tDCS. The EEG study on healthy subjects showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease around individual alpha frequency in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) following anodal tDCS. Moreover, the joint EEG-NIRS imaging on 4 stroke survivors showed an immediate increase in the theta band (4-8 Hz) EEG activity after the start of anodal tDCS at the nonlesioned hemisphere. Furthermore, cross-correlation function revealed a significant (95% confidence interval) negative cross correlation only at the nonlesioned hemisphere during anodal tDCS, where the log-transformed mean-power of EEG within 0.5-11.25 Hz lagged [Formula: see text] response in one of the stroke survivors with white matter lesions. Therefore, it was concluded that the anodal tDCS can perturb the local neural and the vascular activity (via NVC) which can be used for assessing regional NVC functionality where confirmatory clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jindal
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded Systems TechnologyInternational Institute of Information Technology HyderabadHyderabad500032India
| | - Mehak Sood
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded Systems TechnologyInternational Institute of Information Technology HyderabadHyderabad500032India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatiqueMontpellier34095France
| | - Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded Systems TechnologyInternational Institute of Information Technology HyderabadHyderabad500032India
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