1
|
Özcan ÖÖ, Çevreli B, Temizyürek A, Karahan M, Konuk M. Quetiapine improves sensorimotor gating deficit in a sleep deprivation-induced rat model. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:269-278. [PMID: 38524169 PMCID: PMC10959884 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs pre-stimulus inhibition, but the effect of quetiapine (QET) remains largely unknown. Objective This study aimed to investigate the behavioral and cognitive effects of QET in both naïve and sleep-deprived rats. Materials and methods Seven groups (n = 49) of male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. SD was performed using the modified multiple platform technique in a water tank for 72 h. Our study consists of two experiments investigating the effect of QET on pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. The first experiment tested the effect of short- and long-term administration of QET on PPI response in non-sleeping (NSD) rats. The second experiment used 72 h REM sleep deprivation as a model for SD-induced impairment of the PPI response. Here, we tested the effect of QET on the % PPI of SD rats by short- and long-term intraperitoneal injection at the last 90 min of sleep SD and immediately subsequently tested for PPI. Results 72 h SD impaired PPI, reduced startle amplitude, and attenuated the PPI% at + 4 dB, + 8 dB, and + 16 dB prepulse intensities. 10 mg/kg short and long-term QET administration completely improved sensorimotor gating deficit, increased startle amplitude, and restored the impaired PPI% at + 4 dB, + 8 dB, and + 16 dB after 72 h SD in rats. Conclusion Our results showed short- and long-term administration of QET improved sensorimotor gating deficit in 72 h SD. Further research is required for the etiology of insomnia and the dose-related behavioral effects of QET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Özge Özcan
- Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Neuropsychopharmacology Practice and Research Center, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Temizyürek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Mimar Sinan, Selmani Pak, Üsküdar, 34672 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saha P, Panda S, Holkar A, Vashishth R, Rana SS, Arumugam M, Ashraf GM, Haque S, Ahmad F. Neuroprotection by agmatine: Possible involvement of the gut microbiome? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102056. [PMID: 37673131 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine derived from L-arginine, elicits tremendous multimodal neuromodulant properties. Alterations in agmatinergic signalling are closely linked to the pathogeneses of several brain disorders. Importantly, exogenous agmatine has been shown to act as a potent neuroprotectant in varied pathologies, including brain ageing and associated comorbidities. The antioxidant, anxiolytic, analgesic, antidepressant and memory-enhancing activities of agmatine may derive from its ability to regulate several cellular pathways; including cell metabolism, survival and differentiation, nitric oxide signalling, protein translation, oxidative homeostasis and neurotransmitter signalling. This review briefly discusses mammalian metabolism of agmatine and then proceeds to summarize our current understanding of neuromodulation and neuroprotection mediated by agmatine. Further, the emerging exciting bidirectional links between agmatine and the resident gut microbiome and their implications for brain pathophysiology and ageing are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Subhrajita Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Aayusha Holkar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sandeep Singh Rana
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G, Laube G, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J. Polyamines and polyamine-metabolizing enzymes in schizophrenia: Current knowledge and concepts of therapy. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1177-1190. [PMID: 35070769 PMCID: PMC8717027 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines play preeminent roles in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs. A large body of evidence suggests that the polyamine pathway is prominently involved in the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia. Alterations in the expression and activity of polyamine metabolizing enzymes, as well as changes in the levels of the individual polyamines, their precursors and derivatives, have been measured in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease. Additionally, neuroleptic treatment has been shown to influence polyamine concentrations in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia. Thus, the polyamine system may appear to be a promising target for neuropharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. However, for a number of practical reasons there is currently only limited hope for a polyamine-based schizophrenia therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39116, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39116, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Gregor Laube
- Department of Anatomy, Charite, Berlin D-10117, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39116, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39116, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jorratt P, Hoschl C, Ovsepian SV. Endogenous antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in schizophrenia. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:888-905. [PMID: 33336545 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric brain disorder that has devastating personal impact and rising healthcare costs. Dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathobiology of the disease, attributed largely to the hypofunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Currently, there is a major gap in mechanistic analysis as to how endogenous modulators of the NMDA receptors contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. We present a systematic review of the neurobiology and the role of endogenous NMDA receptor antagonists in animal models of schizophrenia, and in patients. We discuss their neurochemical origin, release from neurons and glia with action mechanisms, and functional effects, which might contribute toward the impairment of neuronal processes underlying this complex pathological state. We consider clinical evidence suggesting dysregulations of endogenous NMDA receptor in schizophrenia, and highlight the pressing need in future studies and emerging directions, to restore the NMDA receptor functions for therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jorratt
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Hoschl
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Afonso AC, Pacheco FD, Canever L, Wessler PG, Mastella GA, Godoi AK, Hubbe I, Bischoff LM, Bialecki AVS, Zugno AI. Schizophrenia-like behavior is not altered by melatonin supplementation in rodents. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190981. [PMID: 32844989 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging area in schizophrenia research focuses on the impact of immunomodulatory drugs such as melatonin, which have played important roles in many biological systems and functions, and appears to be promising. The objective was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on behavioral parameters in an animal model of schizophrenia. For this, Wistar rats were divided and used in two different protocols. In the prevention protocol, the animals received 1 or 10mg/kg of melatonin or water for 14 days, and between the 8th and 14th day they received ketamine or saline. In the reversal protocol, the opposite occurred. On the 14th day, the animals underwent behavioral tests: locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition task. In both protocols, the results revealed that ketamine had effects on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition, confirming the validity of ketamine construction as a good animal model of schizophrenia. However, at least at the doses used, melatonin was not able to reverse/prevent ketamine damage. More studies are necessary to evaluate the role of melatonin as an adjuvant treatment in psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlindo C Afonso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe D Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara Canever
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Wessler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Mastella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda K Godoi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabela Hubbe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura M Bischoff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alex Victor S Bialecki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adaptation of a continuous, calorimetric kinetic assay to study the agmatinase-catalyzed hydrolytic reaction. Anal Biochem 2020; 595:113618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Crespi BJ. Comparative psychopharmacology of autism and psychotic-affective disorders suggests new targets for treatment. Evol Med Public Health 2019; 2019:149-168. [PMID: 31548888 PMCID: PMC6748779 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first treatments showing effectiveness for some psychiatric disorders, such as lithium for bipolar disorder and chlorpromazine for schizophrenia, were discovered by accident. Currently, psychiatric drug design is seen as a scientific enterprise, limited though it remains by the complexity of brain development and function. Relatively few novel and effective drugs have, however, been developed for many years. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how evolutionary biology can provide a useful framework for psychiatric drug development. The framework is based on a diametrical nature of autism, compared with psychotic-affective disorders (mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression). This paradigm follows from two inferences: (i) risks and phenotypes of human psychiatric disorders derive from phenotypes that have evolved along the human lineage and (ii) biological variation is bidirectional (e.g. higher vs lower, faster vs slower, etc.), such that dysregulation of psychological traits varies in two opposite ways. In this context, the author review the evidence salient to the hypothesis that autism and psychotic-affective disorders represent diametrical disorders in terms of current, proposed and potential psychopharmacological treatments. Studies of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the PI3K pathway, the NMDA receptor, kynurenic acid metabolism, agmatine metabolism, levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and other treatments, demonstrate evidence of diametric effects in autism spectrum disorders and phenotypes compared with psychotic-affective disorders and phenotypes. These findings yield insights into treatment mechanisms and the development of new pharmacological therapies, as well as providing an explanation for the longstanding puzzle of antagonism between epilepsy and psychosis. Lay Summary: Consideration of autism and schizophrenia as caused by opposite alterations to brain development and function leads to novel suggestions for pharmacological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
11th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 7th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1608692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
9
|
Yılmaz E, Şekeroğlu MR, Yılmaz E, Çokluk E. Evaluation of plasma agmatine level and its metabolic pathway in patients with bipolar disorder during manic episode and remission period. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2019; 23:128-133. [PMID: 31081413 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1569237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Agmatine is a cationic amine resulting from the decarboxylation of l-arginine. Agmatine has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and anti-depressant properties. In this study, plasma agmatine, arginine decarboxylase, and agmatinase levels were measured during manic episode and remission period in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers and 30 patients who meet Bipolar Disorder Manic Episode diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Additionally, the changes in the patient group between manic episode and remission period were examined. We evaluated the relationship between levels of l-arginine and arginine decarboxylase in the agmatine synthesis pathway, and level of agmatinase that degrades agmatine. Results: Levels of agmatine and l-arginine were significantly increased than control group during manic episode (p < .01). All parameters were increased during manic episode compared to remission period (p < .05). Agmatinase was significantly decreased both during manic episode (p < .01) and remission period (p < .05) in comparison to the control group. Arginine decarboxylase levels did not show a significant difference between the groups (p > .05). Conclusions: This study indicate that there may be a relationship between bipolar disorder and agmatine and its metabolic pathway. Nonetheless, we believe more comprehensive studies are needed in order to reveal the role of agmatine in etiology of bipolar disorder. Key points Agmantine, agmatinase, l-arginine and arginine decarboxylase levels in BD have not been explored before. Various neuro-chemical mechanisms act to increase agmatine in BD; however, agmatine could have elevated to compensate agmatine deficit prior to the manifestation of the disease as in schizophrenia. Elevated agmatine degradation resulting from excess expression of agmatinase which is suggested to be effective in pathogenesis of mood disorders was compensated by this way. Elevated agmatine may be one of the causes which play a role in mania development. Elevated agmatine levels are also suggested to trigger psychosis and be related with the etiology of manic episode and lead to BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Yılmaz
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - M Ramazan Şekeroğlu
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Ekrem Yılmaz
- c Department of Psychiatry , Health Science University Van Training and Research Hospital , Van , Turkey
| | - Erdem Çokluk
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garip B, Kayir H, Uzun O. l-Arginine metabolism before and after 10 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychotic patients. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:58-66. [PMID: 30587428 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine is an endogenous NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) antagonist which is synthesized from l-Arginine and described as a novel neurotransmitter. Agmatine is considered to play an important role for the development of schizophrenia. The aim of the present study is to explore the role of agmatine and l-arginine metabolism in medication-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP). We conducted a case control study in medication-naive patients with FEP (n = 40). The healthy volunteers with no family history of schizophrenia (n = 35) matched for age, gender and education level were selected as a control group. The patients were recruited to the study and followed up for 10 weeks. The plasma l-arginine, l-citrulline, l-ornithine and agmatine levels were measured using modified liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The plasma levels of l-arginine, l-citrulline and agmatine (p < 0.0001), but not l-ornithine and agmatinase (p > 0.05), were significantly increased during baseline analysis. After 10 weeks of treatment, plasma l-arginine and l-citrulline levels were still significantly increased (p < 0.05) while l-ornithine and agmatinase levels remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Conversely, plasma agmatine levels were significantly decreased after the treatment (p < 0.0001). Positive and negative predictive values of agmatine used for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy were 95.1% and 97.1%, respectively (p < 000.1). This is the first study of arginine metabolism and agmatine in medication-naive first-episode patients and provides evidence of increased levels of an endogenous NMDA antagonist which decreases following antipsychotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beyazit Garip
- Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kayir
- Noro Saglik Brain Trainings Research Application Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozcan Uzun
- Health Sciences University, Gulhane Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The therapeutic and nutraceutical potential of agmatine, and its enhanced production using Aspergillus oryzae. Amino Acids 2019; 52:181-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
12
|
Therapeutic Effect of Agmatine on Neurological Disease: Focus on Ion Channels and Receptors. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:735-750. [PMID: 30610652 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-02712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most injury-prone part of the mammalian body. Any acute or chronic, central or peripheral neurological disorder is related to abnormal biochemical and electrical signals in the brain cells. As a result, ion channels and receptors that are abundant in the nervous system and control the electrical and biochemical environment of the CNS play a vital role in neurological disease. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid receptor, kainate receptor, acetylcholine receptor, serotonin receptor, α2-adrenoreceptor, and acid-sensing ion channels are among the major channels and receptors known to be key components of pathophysiological events in the CNS. The primary amine agmatine, a neuromodulator synthesized in the brain by decarboxylation of L-arginine, can regulate ion channel cascades and receptors that are related to the major CNS disorders. In our previous studies, we established that agmatine was related to the regulation of cell differentiation, nitric oxide synthesis, and murine brain endothelial cell migration, relief of chronic pain, cerebral edema, and apoptotic cell death in experimental CNS disorders. In this review, we will focus on the pathophysiological aspects of the neurological disorders regulated by these ion channels and receptors, and their interaction with agmatine in CNS injury.
Collapse
|
13
|
Unal G, Ates A, Aricioglu F. Agmatine-attenuated cognitive and social deficits in subchronic MK-801 model of schizophrenia in rats. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1426696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unal
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Ates
- Department of Psychiatry, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Öz P, Gökalp HK, Göver T, Uzbay T. Dose-dependent and opposite effects of orexin A on prepulse inhibition response in sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 346:73-79. [PMID: 29237551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Orexin is a novel neurotransmitter released from lateral hypothalamus, that is a crucial modulator in sleep/wakefulness system. Recent studies also suggest its possible role in the neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Our study consists of two experiments, where we investigate the effect of orexin A (OXA), one of two isoforms of orexin that can pass blood brain barrier, on the prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex. The first experiment tested the effect of OXA on PPI response of non-sleep-deprived rats via intraperitoneal injection 30min before testing. Our results show that 40μg/kg OXA attenuates PPI% at 78dB and 86dB prepulse intensities. The second experiment utilized 72-h REM sleep deprivation, as a model for sleep-deprivation-induced impairment of PPI response. Here, we tested the effect of OXA on PPI% of sleep-deprived rats via intraperitoneal injection at the last 30min of sleep deprivation, testing for PPI immediately afterwards. Our results showed that (1) sleep deprivation attenuates the PPI% at 74dB, 78dB and 86dB prepulse intensities and (2) 10μg/kg OXA completely restores the impaired PPI% at 78dB only, where the highest PPI% impairment was observed. These results suggest that orexin A modulates PPI response in rats in a dose-dependent manner, oppositely for non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived rats, and a more detailed investigation for the etiology of this effect should follow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Öz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Kübra Gökalp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Göver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neis VB, Rosa PB, Olescowicz G, Rodrigues ALS. Therapeutic potential of agmatine for CNS disorders. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:318-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Uzbay T, Kaya Yertutanol FD, Midi A, Çevreli B. Subcutaneous Toxicity of Agmatine in Rats. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:127-133. [PMID: 32454603 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.85057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive agmatine administration on sensorimotor gating in rats first but, as unexpected, ulcerative necrotic cutaneous lesions appeared, thus, the study was directed primarily to clarify these results. Materials and Methods In the first set of experiments, we administered agmatine (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) and saline (control group) subcutaneously to male Wistar albino rats (n=8 for each group) for 14 consecutive days. Ulcerative necrotic cutaneous lesions appeared following the third day of agmatine administration. We decided to explore the potential toxic dermal effects of agmatine and conducted second set of experiments with two groups (n=8) to compare the effects of subcutaneous vs. intraperitoneal agmatine (80 mg/kg) injection to understand if the injection route determines the toxicity. Results Our results showed that prolonged subcutaneous but not intraperitoneal administration of agmatine leads to a delayed dermal reaction in rats. Histopathologic examination of skin samples revealed cutaneous aseptic necrosis at the injection site whereas blood tests were found to be normal. Conclusion This finding is important to point out the risks of prolonged subcutaneous administration of agmatine to rats within the concept of animal welfare. In addition, the results raise questions about the possible risks of over-the-counter use of agmatine among humans although the agent is taken via oral route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Uzbay
- Üsküdar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, (NPARC), İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Midi
- Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Üsküdar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, (NPARC), İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agmatine: multifunctional arginine metabolite and magic bullet in clinical neuroscience? Biochem J 2017; 474:2619-2640. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, the decarboxylation product of arginine, was largely neglected as an important player in mammalian metabolism until the mid-1990s, when it was re-discovered as an endogenous ligand of imidazoline and α2-adrenergic receptors. Since then, a wide variety of agmatine-mediated effects have been observed, and consequently agmatine has moved from a wallflower existence into the limelight of clinical neuroscience research. Despite this quantum jump in scientific interest, the understanding of the anabolism and catabolism of this amine is still vague. The purification and biochemical characterization of natural mammalian arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase still are open issues. Nevertheless, the agmatinergic system is currently one of the most promising candidates in order to pharmacologically interfere with some major diseases of the central nervous system, which are summarized in the present review. Particularly with respect to major depression, agmatine, its derivatives, and metabolizing enzymes show great promise for the development of an improved treatment of this common disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Öz P, Kaya Yertutanol FD, Gözler T, Özçetin A, Uzbay IT. Lesions of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus attenuates prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Neurosci Lett 2017; 642:31-36. [PMID: 28137649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a midline nucleus with strong connections to cortical and subcortical brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus and receives strong projections from brain stem nuclei. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is mediated and modulated by complex cortical and subcortical networks that are yet to be fully identified in detail. Here, we suggest that the PVT may be an important brain region for the modulation of PPI. In our study, the paraventricular thalamic nuclei of rats were electrolytically lesioned. Two weeks after the surgery, the PPI responses of the animals were monitored and recorded using measurements of acoustic startle reflex. Our results show that disruption of the PVT dramatically attenuated PPI at prepulse intensities of 74, 78 and 86dB compared to that in the sham lesion group. Thus, we suggest that the PVT may be an important part of the PPI network in the rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Öz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - F Duygu Kaya Yertutanol
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Gözler
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özçetin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - I Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Freitas AE, Neis VB, Rodrigues ALS. Agmatine, a potential novel therapeutic strategy for depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1885-1899. [PMID: 27836390 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder with lifetime prevalence of up to 20% worldwide. It is responsible for more years lost to disability than any other disorder. Despite the fact that current available antidepressant drugs are safe and effective, they are far from ideal. In addition to the need to administer the drugs for weeks or months to obtain clinical benefit, side effects are still a serious problem. Agmatine is an endogenous polyamine synthesized by the enzyme arginine decarboxylase. It modulates several receptors and is considered as a neuromodulator in the brain. In this review, studies demonstrating the antidepressant effects of agmatine are presented and discussed, as well as, the mechanisms of action related to these effects. Also, the potential beneficial effects of agmatine for the treatment of other neurological disorders are presented. In particular, we provide evidence to encourage future clinical studies investigating agmatine as a novel antidepressant drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andiara E Freitas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Vivian B Neis
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu P, Jing Y, Collie ND, Dean B, Bilkey DK, Zhang H. Altered brain arginine metabolism in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e871. [PMID: 27529679 PMCID: PMC5022089 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research implicates altered metabolism of l-arginine, a versatile amino acid with a number of bioactive metabolites, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The present study, for we believe the first time, systematically compared the metabolic profile of l-arginine in the frontal cortex (Brodmann's area 8) obtained post-mortem from schizophrenic individuals and age- and gender-matched non-psychiatric controls (n=20 per group). The enzyme assays revealed no change in total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, but significantly increased arginase activity in the schizophrenia group. Western blot showed reduced endothelial NOS protein expression and increased arginase II protein level in the disease group. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric assays confirmed significantly reduced levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but increased agmatine concentration and glutamate/GABA ratio in the schizophrenia cases. Regression analysis indicated positive correlations between arginase activity and the age of disease onset and between l-ornithine level and the duration of illness. Moreover, cluster analyses revealed that l-arginine and its main metabolites l-citrulline, l-ornithine and agmatine formed distinct groups, which were altered in the schizophrenia group. The present study provides further evidence of altered brain arginine metabolism in schizophrenia, which enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and may lead to the future development of novel preventions and/or therapeutics for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Lindo Ferguson Building, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. E-mail:
| | - Y Jing
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N D Collie
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - D K Bilkey
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H Zhang
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ozcetin A, Cevreli B, Uzbay T. Investigation of the role of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex in rats. Synapse 2016; 70:501-507. [PMID: 27399264 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors target several behavioral functions. These receptors may connect with the brain pathways mediating sensorimotor gating system that associate with psychoses, and the literature that investigate the relationship between alpha-2 receptors and sensorimotor gating system is very limited and some results are controversial. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of alpha-2 receptors on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex which is a measure of sensorimotor gating. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adult male Wistar rats were subjects. PPI was measured as the per cent inhibition of the startle reflex produced by a startling pulse stimulus. The average PPI levels were used in the further analyses. Clonidine (0.03-1 mg/kg), an agonist of alpha-2 receptors, idazoxan (10 mg/kg), an antagonist alpha-2 receptors, and saline were injected to rats intraperitoneally. PPI was evaluated at two different startle intensity levels (78 and 86 dB, respectively). PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS Treatments produced some significant changes on PPI of startle reflex at all two levels of startle intensity. While clonidine (0.06, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) disrupted significantly PPI, idazoxan (10 mg/kg) did not produce any significant effect on PPI. However, pretreatment with idazoxan reversed significantly clonidine-induced disruption of PPI. Neither idazoxan (10 mg/kg) nor clonidine (1 mg/kg) produces any significant change on locomotor activity in naive rats. CONCLUSION Because idazoxan and clonidine also act through imidazoline receptors, our results suggest that alpha-2 and/or imidazoline receptors are associated with PPI of acoustic startle reflex in rats. Stimulation of these receptors may cause sensorimotor gating disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozcetin
- Uskudar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Cevreli
- Uskudar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Uskudar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC), Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goktalay T, Buyukuysal S, Uslu G, Coskun AS, Yorgancioglu A, Kayir H, Uzbay T, Goktalay G. Varenicline disrupts prepulse inhibition only in high-inhibitory rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:54-60. [PMID: 24632394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Varenicline, a widely used smoking cessation drug, has partial agonistic activity at α4β2 nicotinic receptors, and full agonistic activity at α7 nicotinic receptors. Thus it may interact with cognitive processes and may alleviate some of the cognitive disturbances observed in psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia. We aimed to test the effects of varenicline on sensorimotor gating functioning, which is crucial for normal cognitive processes, especially for the integration of sensory and cognitive information processing and the execution of appropriate motor responses. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex was used to test the sensorimotor gating functioning. First, the effects of varenicline and nicotine on rats having high or low baseline PPI levels were evaluated; then, varenicline was applied prior to apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg), and MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg), which are used as comparative models of PPI disruption. Varenicline (0.5-3 mg/kg) did not change PPI when given alone in naïve animals. When rats were selected according to their baseline PPI values, varenicline (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased PPI in high-inhibitory (HI) but not in low-inhibitory (LI) rats. Nicotine (1 mg/kg; tartrate salt) produced a similar activity in LI and HI groups. In combination experiments, varenicline did not reverse either apomorphine or the MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. These results demonstrate that the effects of both varenicline and nicotine on sensorimotor gating are influenced by the baseline PPI levels. Moreover, varenicline has no effect on apomorphine or the MK-801-induced disruption of PPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Goktalay
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sema Buyukuysal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Uslu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aysin S Coskun
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yorgancioglu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kayir
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Goktalay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Piletz JE, Aricioglu F, Cheng JT, Fairbanks CA, Gilad VH, Haenisch B, Halaris A, Hong S, Lee JE, Li J, Liu P, Molderings GJ, Rodrigues ALS, Satriano J, Seong GJ, Wilcox G, Wu N, Gilad GM. Agmatine: clinical applications after 100 years in translation. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:880-93. [PMID: 23769988 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine (decarboxylated arginine) has been known as a natural product for over 100 years, but its biosynthesis in humans was left unexplored owing to long-standing controversy. Only recently has the demonstration of agmatine biosynthesis in mammals revived research, indicating its exceptional modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, including neurotransmitter systems, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and polyamine metabolism, thus providing bases for broad therapeutic applications. This timely review, a concerted effort by 16 independent research groups, draws attention to the substantial preclinical and initial clinical evidence, and highlights challenges and opportunities, for the use of agmatine in treating a spectrum of complex diseases with unmet therapeutic needs, including diabetes mellitus, neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases, opioid addiction, mood disorders, cognitive disorders and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Piletz
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS 39058, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chronic melatonin treatment reverses disruption of prepulse inhibition in pinealectomized and pinealectomized-plus-ovariectomized rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 239:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
The pharmacological importance of agmatine in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:502-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
26
|
Psychopharmacological study of agmatine in behavioral tests of schizophrenia in rodents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 100:398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Salum C, Issy AC, Brandão ML, Guimarães FS, Bel EAD. Nitric oxide modulates dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in the basolateral amygdala. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1639-48. [PMID: 20837567 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110379282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (LNO) prevents the disruptive effect of amphetamine (Amph) on prepulse inhibition (PPI), a sensorimotor gating model in which the amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) to a startling sound (pulse) is reduced when preceded immediately by a weaker stimulus (prepulse). Given that dopamine (DA) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the control of information processing, our aim was to investigate if intra-BLA administration of LNO would modify the disruption caused by the DA agonists, Amph, apomorphine (Apo) and quinpirole (QNP), on PPI. Male Wistar rats received bilateral intra-BLA microinjections (0.2 µL/min/side) of combined treatments (saline or LNO 11 µg followed by saline, QNP 3 µg, Apo 10 µg or Amph 30 µg). PPI was disrupted by intra-BLA Apo, QNP or Amph but not by LNO. Prior bilateral intra-BLA injection of LNO prevented the Apo- and QNP-induced disruption of PPI but did not affect that caused by Amph. APO- or QNP-induced increases in ASR to prepulse + pulse were also restored by LNO. Since local inhibition of NO formation affected the effects of direct, but not indirect, DA agonists, the results suggest that this modulation is not occurring at the level of DA release but may involve complex interactions with other neurotransmitter systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Salum
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bernstein HG, Stich C, Jäger K, Dobrowolny H, Wick M, Steiner J, Veh R, Bogerts B, Laube G. Agmatinase, an inactivator of the putative endogenous antidepressant agmatine, is strongly upregulated in hippocampal interneurons of subjects with mood disorders. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:237-46. [PMID: 21803059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diamine agmatine may serve as a precursor in polyamine synthesis. In addition, agmatine may also act as a neurotransmitter, binding to imidazoline receptors. Behaviorally, agmatine exerts antidepressant-like effects. The enzyme agmatinase degrades agmatine. The gene coding for human agmatinase is located on chromosome 1p36, a gene locus which has been linked to bipolar disorder and major depression, but the enzyme has not yet been studied in the context of neuropsychiatric diseases. We analyzed agmatinase protein expression in postmortem hippocampi of individuals with affective disorders. Data from eleven patients with mood disorders (unipolar and bipolar depression) and twelve matched control cases were compared by immunocytochemical and morphometrical analysis. Agmatinase protein was detected in a subset of hippocampal interneurons. The protein was localized to perikarya, neurites and putative nerve endings contacting hippocampal pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells. The number and the numerical density of agmatinase-immunopositive cell bodies were strongly elevated in depressive patients. In addition, a significantly increased density of agmatinase-immunoreactive punctate profiles was observed in the CA(4) region in unipolar and bipolar depression. The reported increased expression of agmatinase suggests a functional relevance of the enzyme in the pathophysiology of human affective disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kayir H, Goktalay G, Yavuz O, Uzbay TI. Impact of baseline prepulse inhibition on nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization in rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 216:275-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
30
|
Kayir H, Yavuz O, Goktalay G, Yildirim M, Uzbay T. The relationship between baseline prepulse inhibition levels and ethanol withdrawal severity in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1507-14. [PMID: 20800642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Baseline prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex is thought to reflect the functioning of the sensorimotor gating system in the brain. The current literature indicates that similar neurotransmitter systems may play roles both in the regulation of PPI and in the development of ethanol withdrawal syndrome (EWS). The aim of the present study was to test if individual baseline PPI levels have any relationship to the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of EWS in rats. A batch of rats (n=30) was sorted according to baseline PPI levels and classified as either high-inhibitory (HI) or low-inhibitory (LI) rats (n=10 in each group). Ethanol was administered in a liquid diet for 21 days. On the 22nd day, ethanol was removed from the diet, and EWS was induced. At the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours of EWS, locomotor activity and behavioral symptoms were evaluated. Brain tissue concentrations of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline in hippocampus, cortex, and striatum were measured after the 6th hour of EWS testing. Another batch of rats (n=30) was classified using the same procedure and fed with regular diet. On the 22nd day, rats were decapitated and neurochemical measurements were repeated. HI and LI rats consumed similar amounts of ethanol. However, EWS signs such as stereotyped behaviors, wet-dog shakes, and tremor were more intense in LI rats compared to their HI counterparts. Audiogenic seizures occurred in both groups in a similar manner. Although the catecholamine concentrations in the brains of both groups were parallel under baseline conditions, dopamine levels increased in the cortex of LI and in the striatum of HI rats, whereas striatum serotonin levels decreased only in LI rats after the 6th hour of EWS. In conclusion, the data suggest that the behavioral symptoms and neurochemical changes observed in EWS may be associated with baseline PPI levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Kayir
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|