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Katsuma Y, Matsui I, Matsumoto A, Okushima H, Imai A, Sakaguchi Y, Yamamoto T, Mizui M, Uchinomiya S, Kato H, Ojida A, Takashima S, Inoue K, Isaka Y. Endogenous activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in proximal tubule cells in counteracting phosphate toxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F208-F223. [PMID: 38870264 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00046.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary phosphate consumption intensifies renal phosphate burden. Several mechanisms for phosphate-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis have been reported. Considering the dual nature of phosphate as both a potential renal toxin and an essential nutrient for the body, kidneys may possess inherent protective mechanisms against phosphate overload, rather than succumbing solely to injury. However, there is limited understanding of such mechanisms. To identify these mechanisms, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the kidneys of control and dietary phosphate-loaded (Phos) mice at a time point when the Phos group had not yet developed tubulointerstitial fibrosis. scRNA-seq analysis identified the highest number of differentially expressed genes in the clusters belonging to proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Based on these differentially expressed genes, in silico analyses suggested that the Phos group activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in the PTECs. This activation was further substantiated through various experiments, including the use of an FAO activity visualization probe. Compared with wild-type mice, Ppara knockout mice exhibited exacerbated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in response to phosphate overload. Experiments conducted with cultured PTECs demonstrated that activation of the PPAR-α/FAO pathway leads to improved cellular viability under high-phosphate conditions. The Phos group mice showed a decreased serum concentration of free fatty acids, which are endogenous PPAR-α agonists. Instead, experiments using cultured PTECs revealed that phosphate directly activates the PPAR-α/FAO pathway. These findings indicate that noncanonical metabolic reprogramming via endogenous activation of the PPAR-α/FAO pathway in PTECs is essential to counteract phosphate toxicity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study revealed the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and fatty acid β-oxidation in proximal tubular epithelial cells as an endogenous mechanism to protect the kidney from phosphate toxicity. These findings highlight noncanonical metabolic reprogramming as a potential target for suppressing phosphate toxicity in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Katsuma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okushima
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Imai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Uchinomiya
- Medical Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Medical Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Collier GE, Lavado R. An in-depth examination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) effects on transporters, with emphasis on the ABC superfamily: A critical review. Toxicology 2024; 508:153901. [PMID: 39094918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances are a type of chemical compound unique for their multiple carbon-fluorine bonds, imbuing them with strength and environmental permanence. While legacy substances have been phased out due to human health risks, short-chain and alternative PFAS remain omnipresent. However, a detailed explanation for the pathways through which PFAS interact on a cellular and molecular level is still largely unknown, and the human health effects remain mechanistically unexplained. Of particular interest when focusing on this topic are the interactions between these exogenous chemicals and plasma and membrane proteins. Such proteins include serum albumin which can transport PFAS throughout the body, solute carrier proteins (SLC) and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters which are able to move PFAS into and out of cells, and proteins and nuclear receptors which interact with PFAS intracellularly. ABC transporters as a family have little available human data despite being responsible for the export of endogenous substances and drugs throughout the body. The multifactorial regulation of these crucial transporters is affected directly and indirectly by PFAS. Changes, which can include alterations to membrane transport activity and differences in protein expression, vary greatly depending on the specific PFAS and protein of interest. Together, the myriad of changes caused by understudied PFAS exposure to a class of understudied proteins crucial to cellular function and drug treatments has not been fully explored regarding human health and presents room for further exploration. This critical work aims to provide a novel framework of existing human data on PFAS and ABC transporters, allowing for future advancement and investigation into human transporter activity, mechanisms of regulation, and interactions with emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracen E Collier
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu T, Zhang ZY, Song WG, Guo SD. Exserolide J ameliorates lipid accumulation in vitro by regulating liver X receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha proteins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31861. [PMID: 38947487 PMCID: PMC11214467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exserolides are isocoumarin derivatives containing lactone moiety. Recently, some isocoumarins have been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperlipidemia, a major factor for inducing cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of exserolides on hyperlipidemia are not known. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the marine fungus Setosphaeria sp.-derived exserolides (compounds I, J, E, and F) exert lipid-lowering effects via improving reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in vitro. RAW264.7 macrophages and HepG2 cells were used to establish lipid-laden models, and the levels of intracellular lipids and RCT-related proteins were determined by assay kits and Western blotting, respectively. We observed that exserolides (at a 5 μM concentration) significantly decreased intracellular cholesterol and triglyceride levels in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-laden RAW264.7 cells and markedly improved [3H]-cholesterol efflux. Among the four tested compounds, exserolide J increased the protein levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and liver X receptor α (LXRα). Furthermore, treatment with exserolides significantly decreased oleic acid-laden lipid accumulation in HepG2 hepatocytes. Mechanistically, exserolides enhance PPARα protein levels; furthermore, compound J increases cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 and LXRα protein levels. Molecular docking revealed that exserolides, particularly compound J, can interact with PPARα and LXRα proteins. These data suggest that the terminal carboxyl group of compound J plays a key role in lowering lipid levels by stimulating LXRα and PPARα proteins. In conclusion, compound J exhibits powerful lipid-lowering effects in vitro. However, its hypolipidemic effects in vivo should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
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Steinke I, Singh M, Amin R. Dual PPAR delta/gamma agonists offer therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1175-1176. [PMID: 37905851 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Steinke
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn Alabama, AL, USA
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Chasseigneaux S, Cochois-Guégan V, Lecorgne L, Lochus M, Nicolic S, Blugeon C, Jourdren L, Gomez-Zepeda D, Tenzer S, Sanquer S, Nivet-Antoine V, Menet MC, Laplanche JL, Declèves X, Cisternino S, Saubaméa B. Fasting upregulates the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 at the rat blood-brain barrier through PPAR δ activation. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38589879 PMCID: PMC11003008 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is pivotal for the maintenance of brain homeostasis and it strictly regulates the cerebral transport of a wide range of endogenous compounds and drugs. While fasting is increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic intervention in neurology and psychiatry, its impact upon the BBB has not been studied. This study was designed to assess the global impact of fasting upon the repertoire of BBB transporters. METHODS We used a combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments to assess the response of the brain endothelium in male rats that were fed ad libitum or fasted for one to three days. Brain endothelial cells were acutely purified and transcriptionaly profiled using RNA-Seq. Isolated brain microvessels were used to assess the protein expression of selected BBB transporters through western blot. The molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation to fasting were investigated in primary cultured rat brain endothelial cells. MCT1 activity was probed by in situ brain perfusion. RESULTS Fasting did not change the expression of the main drug efflux ATP-binding cassette transporters or P-glycoprotein activity at the BBB but modulated a restrictive set of solute carrier transporters. These included the ketone bodies transporter MCT1, which is pivotal for the brain adaptation to fasting. Our findings in vivo suggested that PPAR δ, a major lipid sensor, was selectively activated in brain endothelial cells in response to fasting. This was confirmed in vitro where pharmacological agonists and free fatty acids selectively activated PPAR δ, resulting in the upregulation of MCT1 expression. Moreover, dosing rats with a specific PPAR δ antagonist blocked the upregulation of MCT1 expression and activity induced by fasting. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study shows that fasting affects a selected set of BBB transporters which does not include the main drug efflux transporters. Moreover, we describe a previously unknown selective adaptive response of the brain vasculature to fasting which involves PPAR δ and is responsible for the up-regulation of MCT1 expression and activity. Our study opens new perspectives for the metabolic manipulation of the BBB in the healthy or diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chasseigneaux
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Cochois-Guégan
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Lecorgne
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Lochus
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nicolic
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Département de biologie, GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- Département de biologie, GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Gomez-Zepeda
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), A Hemlholtz Institute of the DKFZ, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division 191, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), A Hemlholtz Institute of the DKFZ, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division 191, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Valérie Nivet-Antoine
- AP-HP Biochimie générale, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Innovations Thérapeutiques en Hémostase, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France.
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Zhang Y, Xiao B, Liu Y, Wu S, Xiang Q, Xiao Y, Zhao J, Yuan R, Xie K, Li L. Roles of PPAR activation in cancer therapeutic resistance: Implications for combination therapy and drug development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176304. [PMID: 38142851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment or effective containment of cancer. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an essential role in regulating energy homeostasis and determining cell fate. Despite of the pleiotropic roles of PPARs in cancer, numerous studies have suggested their intricate relationship with therapeutic resistance in cancer. In this review, we provided an overview of the roles of excessively activated PPARs in promoting resistance to modern anti-cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The mechanisms through which activated PPARs contribute to therapeutic resistance in most cases include metabolic reprogramming, anti-oxidant defense, anti-apoptosis signaling, proliferation-promoting pathways, and induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, we discussed the mechanisms through which activated PPARs lead to multidrug resistance in cancer, including drug efflux, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and acquisition and maintenance of the cancer stem cell phenotype. Preliminary studies investigating the effect of combination therapies with PPAR antagonists have suggested the potential of these antagonists in reversing resistance and facilitating sustained cancer management. These findings will provide a valuable reference for further research on and clinical translation of PPAR-targeting treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhang
- School of Medicine, The South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yunduo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Shunhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yuhan Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Junxiu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Ruanfei Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Keping Xie
- School of Medicine, The South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
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Majou D, Dermenghem AL. Effects of DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) and estradiol on amyloid β-peptide regulation in the brain. Brain Res 2024; 1823:148681. [PMID: 37992797 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In the early stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD), there is a strong correlation between memory impairment and cortical levels of soluble amyloid-β peptide oligomers (Aβ). It has become clear that Aβ disrupt glutamatergic synaptic function, which can in turn lead to the characteristic cognitive deficits of SAD, but the actual pathways are still not well understood. This opinion article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis. These mechanisms are dependent on the amyloid precursor protein and concern the synthesis of Aβ peptides with competition between the non-amyloidogenic pathway and the amyloidogenic pathway (i.e. a competition between the ADAM10 and BACE1 enzymes), on the one hand, and the various processes of Aβ residue clearance, on the other hand. This clearance mobilizes both endopeptidases (NEP, and IDE) and removal transporters across the blood-brain barrier (LRP1, ABCB1, and RAGE). Lipidated ApoE also plays a major role in all processes. The disturbance of these pathways induces an accumulation of Aβ. The description of the mechanisms reveals two key molecules in particular: (i) free estradiol, which has genomic and non-genomic action, and (ii) free DHA as a preferential ligand of PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers. DHA and free estradiol are also self-regulating, and act in synergy. When a certain level of chronic DHA and free estradiol deficiency is reached, a permanent imbalance is established in the central nervous system. The consequences of these deficits are revealed in particular by the presence of Aβ peptide deposits, as well as other markers of the etiology of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Majou
- ACTIA, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex 12, France.
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Nelson D, Thompson KJ, Wang L, Wang Z, Eberts P, Azarin SM, Kalari KR, Kandimalla KK. Pericyte Control of Gene Expression in the Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S281-S297. [PMID: 38393902 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background A strong body of evidence suggests that cerebrovascular pathologies augment the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One distinctive aspect of this cerebrovascular dysfunction is the degeneration of brain pericytes-often overlooked supporting cells of blood-brain barrier endothelium. Objective The current study investigates the influence of pericytes on gene and protein expressions in the blood-brain barrier endothelium, which is expected to facilitate the identification of pathophysiological pathways that are triggered by pericyte loss and lead to blood-brain barrier dysfunction in AD. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was conducted on the RNA-Seq expression counts matrix (GSE144474), which compared solo-cultured human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells against endothelial cells co-cultured with human brain pericytes in a non-contact model. We constructed a similar cell culture model to verify protein expression using western blots. Results The insulin resistance and ferroptosis pathways were found to be enriched. Western blots of the insulin receptor and heme oxygenase expressions were consistent with those observed in RNA-Seq data. Additionally, we observed more than 5-fold upregulation of several genes associated with neuroprotection, including insulin-like growth factor 2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusions Results suggest that pericyte influence on blood-brain barrier endothelial gene expression confers protection from insulin resistance, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and amyloid deposition. Since these are conditions associated with AD pathophysiology, they imply mechanisms by which pericyte degeneration could contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin J Thompson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zengtao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paulina Eberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samira M Azarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kuebart A, Gross K, Maicher C, Sonnenschein M, Raupach A, Schulz J, Truse R, Hof S, Marcus C, Vollmer C, Bauer I, Picker O, Relja B, Herminghaus A. Gemfibrozil Improves Microcirculatory Oxygenation of Colon and Liver without Affecting Mitochondrial Function in a Model of Abdominal Sepsis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:262. [PMID: 38203431 PMCID: PMC10778839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies observed, despite an anti-hyperlipidaemic effect, a positive impact of fibrates on septic conditions. This study evaluates the effects of gemfibrozil on microcirculatory variables, mitochondrial function, and lipid peroxidation levels with regard to its potential role as an indicator for oxidative stress in the colon and liver under control and septic conditions and dependencies on PPARα-mediated mechanisms of action. With the approval of the local ethics committee, 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. Sham and septic animals were treated with a vehicle, gemfibrozil (30 and 100 mg/kg BW), GW 6471 (1 mg/kg BW, PPARα inhibitor), or a combination of both drugs. Sepsis was induced via the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) model. Then, 24 h post sham or CASP surgery, a re-laparotomy was performed. Measures of vital parameters (heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and microcirculation (µHbO2)) were recorded for 90 min. Mitochondrial respirometry and assessment of lipid peroxidation via a malondialdehyde (MDA) assay were performed on colon and liver tissues. In the untreated sham animals, microcirculation remained stable, while pre-treatment with gemfibrozil showed significant decreases in the microcirculatory oxygenation of the colon. In the CASP animals, µHbO2 levels in the colon and the liver were significantly decreased 90 min after laparotomy. Pre-treatment with gemfibrozil prevented the microcirculatory aberrations in both organs. Gemfibrozil did not affect mitochondrial function and lipid peroxidation levels in the sham or CASP animals. Gemfibrozil treatment influences microcirculation depending on the underlying condition. Gemfibrozil prevents sepsis-induced microcirculatory aberrances in the colon and liver PPARα-independently. In non-septic animals, gemfibrozil impairs the microcirculatory variables in the colon without affecting those in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Katharina Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Charlotte Maicher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Max Sonnenschein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Stefan Hof
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Carsten Marcus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Christian Vollmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.)
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Solan ME, Schackmuth B, Bruce ED, Pradhan S, Sayes CM, Lavado R. Effects of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on toxicologically relevant gene expression profiles in a liver-on-a-chip model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122610. [PMID: 37742859 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly stable and widely used environmental contaminants that pose potential health risks to humans. Aggregating reliable mechanistic information for safety assessments necessitates physiologically relevant high-throughput screening approaches. Here, we demonstrated the utility of a liver-on-a-chip model to investigate the effects of five short-chain PFAS at low (1 nM) and high (1 μM) concentrations on toxicologically-relevant gene expression profiles using the QuantiGene® Plex Assay. We found that the short-chain PFAS tested in this study modulated the expression of ABCG2, a gene encoding for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), with marked and significant upregulation (up to 4-fold) observed for all but one of the short-chain PFAS tested. PFBS and HFPO-DA repressed SLCO1B3 expression, a gene that encodes for an essential liver-specific organic anion transporter. High concentrations of PFBS, PFHxA, and PFHxS upregulated the expression of genes encCYP1A1,CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 with the same treatments resulting in the repression of the expression of the gene encoding CYP1A2. This dysregulation could have consequences for the clearance of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. However, we acknowledge that increased expression of genes encoding for transporters and biotransformation enzymes may or may not indicate changes to their protein expression or activity. Overall, our study provides important insights into the effects of short-chain PFAS on liver function and their potential implications for human health. The use of the liver-on-a-chip model in combination with the QuantiGene® Plex Assay may be a valuable tool for future high-throughput screening and gene expression profiling in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Solan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Bennett Schackmuth
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Erica D Bruce
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sahar Pradhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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11
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Li Y, Fan Q, Li F, Pang R, Chen C, Li P, Wang X, Xuan W, Yu W. The multifaceted roles of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in inflammatory responses - Potential target to regulate neuroinflammation in acute brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:8-17. [PMID: 37165649 PMCID: PMC10638996 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231171999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is one of the most important transcription factors that respond to and exert dual effects on inflammatory responses. Recently, the involvement of ATF3 in the neuroinflammatory response to acute brain injury (ABI) has been highlighted. It functions by regulating neuroimmune activation and the production of neuroinflammatory mediators. Notably, recent clinical evidence suggests that ATF3 may serve as a potential ideal biomarker of the long-term prognosis of ABI patients. This mini-review describes the essential inflammation modulatory roles of ATF3 in different disease contexts and summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of ATF3 in the ABI-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengshi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:815-853. [PMID: 36973040 PMCID: PMC10441638 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem to successfully treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical to solving this clinical problem.In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier. In Section I, we give a historical overview on blood-brain barrier research and introduce the role that ABCB1 and ABCG2 play in this context. In Section II, we summarize the most important strategies that have been tested to overcome the ABCB1/ABCG2 efflux system at the blood-brain barrier. In Section III, the main component of this review, we provide detailed information on the signaling pathways that have been identified to control ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier and their potential clinical relevance. This is followed by Section IV, where we explain the clinical implications of ABCB1/ABCG2 regulation in the context of CNS disease. Lastly, in Section V, we conclude by highlighting examples of how transporter regulation could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ABCB1/ABCG2 drug efflux system at the blood-brain barrier poses a significant problem to successful drug delivery to the brain. The article reviews signaling pathways that regulate blood-brain barrier ABCB1/ABCG2 and could potentially be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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13
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Bai Y, Mi W, Meng X, Dong B, Jiang Y, Lu Y, Yu Y. Hydrogen alleviated cognitive impairment and blood‒brain barrier damage in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by regulating ABC efflux transporters in a PPARα-dependent manner. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 37474902 PMCID: PMC10360271 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) can protect against blood‒brain barrier (BBB) damage in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), but the mechanism is still unclear. We examined whether it is related to PPARα and its regulatory targets, ABC efflux transporters. After injection with DMSO/GW6471 (a PPARα inhibitor), the mice subjected to sham/caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery were treated with H2 for 60 min postoperation. Additionally, bEnd.3 cells were grown in DMSO/GW6471-containing or saline medium with LPS. In addition to the survival rates, cognitive function was assessed using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests. Brain tissues were stained with TUNEL and Nissl staining. Additionally, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, and IL-1β) were evaluated with ELISA, and PPARα, ZO-1, occludin, VE-cadherin, P-gp, BCRP and MRP2 were detected using Western blotting. BBB destruction was assessed by brain water content and Evans blue (EB) extravasation. Finally, we found that H2 improved survival rates and brain dysfunction and decreased inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, H2 decreased water content in the brain and EB extravasation and increased ZO-1, occludin, VE-cadherin and ABC efflux transporters regulated by PPARα. Thus, we concluded that H2 decreases BBB permeability to protect against brain dysfunction in sepsis; this effect is mediated by PPARα and its regulation of ABC efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Wen Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Xiaoyin Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Beibei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yuechun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
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14
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Duan J, Huang Z, Nice EC, Xie N, Chen M, Huang C. Current advancements and future perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in lipid metabolism and signaling. J Adv Res 2023; 48:105-123. [PMID: 35973552 PMCID: PMC10248733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of lncRNAs has provided a novel perspective for elucidating mechanisms underlying diverse physiological and pathological processes. Compelling evidence has revealed an intrinsic link between lncRNAs and lipid metabolism, demonstrating that lncRNAs-induced disruption of lipid metabolism and signaling contribute to the development of multiple cancers and some other diseases, including obesity, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. AIMOF REVIEW The current review summarizes the recent advances in basic research about lipid metabolism and lipid signaling-related lncRNAs. Meanwhile, the potential and challenges of targeting lncRNA for the therapy of cancers and other lipid metabolism-related diseases are also discussed. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF REVIEW Compared with the substantial number of lncRNA loci, we still know little about the role of lncRNAs in metabolism. A more comprehensive understanding of the function and mechanism of lncRNAs may provide a new standpoint for the study of lipid metabolism and signaling. Developing lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches is an effective strategy for lipid metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 430079 Wuhan, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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15
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Pravastatin Improves Colonic and Hepatic Microcirculatory Oxygenation during Sepsis without Affecting Mitochondrial Function and ROS Production in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065455. [PMID: 36982530 PMCID: PMC10052315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcirculatory and mitochondrial dysfunction are considered the main mechanisms of septic shock. Studies suggest that statins modulate inflammatory response, microcirculation, and mitochondrial function, possibly through their action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pravastatin on microcirculation and mitochondrial function in the liver and colon and the role of PPAR-α under septic conditions. This study was performed with the approval of the local animal care and use committee. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sepsis (colon ascendens stent peritonitis, CASP) without treatment as control, sepsis + pravastatin, sepsis + PPAR-α-blocker GW6471, and sepsis + pravastatin + GW6471. Pravastatin (200 µg/kg s.c.) and GW6471 (1 mg/kg) were applied 18 h before CASP-operation. 24 h after initial surgery, a relaparotomy was performed, followed by a 90 min observation period for assessment of microcirculatory oxygenation (μHbO2) of the liver and colon. At the end of the experiments, animals were euthanized, and the colon and liver were harvested. Mitochondrial function was measured in tissue homogenates using oximetry. The ADP/O ratio and respiratory control index (RCI) for complexes I and II were calculated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed using the malondialdehyde (MDA)-Assay. Statistics: two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) + Tukey’s/Dunnett’s post hoc test for microcirculatory data, Kruskal–Wallis test + Dunn’s post hoc test for all other data. In control septic animals µHbO2 in liver and colon deteriorated over time (µHbO2: −9.8 ± 7.5%* and −7.6 ± 3.3%* vs. baseline, respectively), whereas after pravastatin and pravastatin + GW6471 treatment μHbO2 remained constant (liver: µHbO2 pravastatin: −4.21 ± 11.7%, pravastatin + GW6471: −0.08 ± 10.3%; colon: µHbO2 pravastatin: −0.13 ± 7.6%, pravastatin + GW6471: −3.00 ± 11.24%). In both organs, RCI and ADP/O were similar across all groups. The MDA concentration remained unchanged in all groups. Therefore, we conclude that under septic conditions pravastatin improves microcirculation in the colon and liver, and this seems independent of PPAR-α and without affecting mitochondrial function.
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16
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Kukal S, Bora S, Kanojia N, Singh P, Paul PR, Rawat C, Sagar S, Bhatraju NK, Grewal GK, Singh A, Kukreti S, Satyamoorthy K, Kukreti R. Valproic Acid-Induced Upregulation of Multidrug Efflux Transporter ABCG2/BCRP via PPAR α-Dependent Mechanism in Human Brain Endothelial Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:145-157. [PMID: 36414374 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the development of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), poor response to them is a rising concern in epilepsy treatment. Of several hypotheses explaining AED treatment failure, the most promising theory is the overexpression of multidrug transporters belonging to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family at blood-brain barrier. Previous data show that AEDs themselves can induce these transporters, in turn affecting their own brain bioavailability. Presently, this induction and the underlying regulatory mechanism involved at human blood-brain barrier is not well elucidated. Herein, we sought to explore the effect of most prescribed first- and second-line AEDs on multidrug transporters in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3. Our work demonstrated that exposure of these cells to valproic acid (VPA) induced mRNA, protein, and functional activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). On examining the substrate interaction status of AEDs with BCRP, VPA, phenytoin, and lamotrigine were found to be potential BCRP substrates. Furthermore, we observed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) or use of PPARα antagonist, resulted in attenuation of VPA-induced BCRP expression and transporter activity. VPA was found to increase PPARα expression and trigger its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Findings from chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays showed that VPA enhances the binding of PPARα to its response element in the ABCG2 promoter, resulting in elevated ABCG2 transcriptional activity. Taken together, these in vitro findings highlight PPARα as the potential molecular target to prevent VPA-mediated BCRP induction, which may have important implications in VPA pharmacoresistance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Induction of multidrug transporters at blood-brain barrier can largely affect the bioavailability of the substrate antiepileptic drugs in the brains of patients with epilepsy, thus affecting their therapeutic efficacy. The present study reports a mechanistic pathway of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) upregulation by valproic acid in human brain endothelial cells via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha involvement, thereby providing a potential strategy to prevent valproic acid pharmacoresistance in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Shakti Sagar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Naveen Kumar Bhatraju
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Anju Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
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Chai AB, Callaghan R, Gelissen IC. Regulation of P-Glycoprotein in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314667. [PMID: 36498995 PMCID: PMC9740459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the tightly regulated homeostatic environment of the brain is facilitated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette transporter, is expressed on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells in the BBB, and actively exports a wide variety of substrates to limit exposure of the vulnerable brain environment to waste buildup and neurotoxic compounds. Downregulation of P-gp expression and activity at the BBB have been reported with ageing and in neurodegenerative diseases. Upregulation of P-gp at the BBB contributes to poor therapeutic outcomes due to altered pharmacokinetics of CNS-acting drugs. The regulation of P-gp is highly complex, but unravelling the mechanisms involved may help the development of novel and nuanced strategies to modulate P-gp expression for therapeutic benefit. This review summarises the current understanding of P-gp regulation in the brain, encompassing the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms that have been identified to affect P-gp expression and transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Callaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ingrid C. Gelissen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8627-0357
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Need for a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: The Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169486. [PMID: 36012745 PMCID: PMC9409167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is essential to maintaining brain health. Aging-related alterations could lead to chronic progressive leakiness of the BBB, which is directly correlated with cerebrovascular diseases. Indeed, the BBB breakdown during acute ischemic stroke is critical. It remains unclear, however, whether BBB dysfunction is one of the first events that leads to brain disease or a down-stream consequence. This review will focus on the BBB dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular disease. An added difficulty is its association with the deleterious or reparative effect, which depends on the stroke phase. We will first outline the BBB structure and function. Then, we will focus on the spatiotemporal chronic, slow, and progressive BBB alteration related to ischemic stroke. Finally, we will propose a new perspective on preventive therapeutic strategies associated with brain aging based on targeting specific components of the BBB. Understanding BBB age-evolutions will be beneficial for new drug development and the identification of the best performance window times. This could have a direct impact on clinical translation and personalised medicine.
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Starnes HM, Rock KD, Jackson TW, Belcher SM. A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:881584. [PMID: 35480070 PMCID: PMC9035516 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.881584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of structurally diverse synthetic organic chemicals that are chemically stable, resistant to degradation, and persistent in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Widespread use of PFAS in industrial processing and manufacturing over the last 70 years has led to global contamination of built and natural environments. The brain is a lipid rich and highly vascularized organ composed of long-lived neurons and glial cells that are especially vulnerable to the impacts of persistent and lipophilic toxicants. Generally, PFAS partition to protein-rich tissues of the body, primarily the liver and blood, but are also detected in the brains of humans, wildlife, and laboratory animals. Here we review factors impacting the absorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS in the brain, and currently available evidence for neurotoxic impacts defined by disruption of neurochemical, neurophysiological, and behavioral endpoints. Emphasis is placed on the neurotoxic potential of exposures during critical periods of development and in sensitive populations, and factors that may exacerbate neurotoxicity of PFAS. While limitations and inconsistencies across studies exist, the available body of evidence suggests that the neurobehavioral impacts of long-chain PFAS exposures during development are more pronounced than impacts resulting from exposure during adulthood. There is a paucity of experimental studies evaluating neurobehavioral and molecular mechanisms of short-chain PFAS, and even greater data gaps in the analysis of neurotoxicity for PFAS outside of the perfluoroalkyl acids. Whereas most experimental studies were focused on acute and subchronic impacts resulting from high dose exposures to a single PFAS congener, more realistic exposures for humans and wildlife are mixtures exposures that are relatively chronic and low dose in nature. Our evaluation of the available human epidemiological, experimental, and wildlife data also indicates heightened accumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids in the brain after environmental exposure, in comparison to the experimental studies. These findings highlight the need for additional experimental analysis of neurodevelopmental impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations and complex mixtures of PFAS.
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20
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Oyagbemi AA, Adejumobi OA, Jarikre TA, Ajani OS, Asenuga ER, Gbadamosi IT, Adedapo ADA, Aro AO, Ogunpolu BS, Hassan FO, Falayi OO, Ogunmiluyi IO, Omobowale TO, Arojojoye OA, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Emikpe BO, Oyeyemi MO, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Clofibrate, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha (PPARα) Agonist, and Its Molecular Mechanisms of Action against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1220-1236. [PMID: 33893992 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of the neglected environmental pollutants. It is ubiquitously found in the soil, water, and environment. Interestingly, fluoride has been extensively utilized for prevention of dental caries and tartar formation, and may be added to mouthwash, mouth rinse, and toothpastes. This study is aimed at mitigating fluoride-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity with clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) agonist. For this study, forty male Wistar rats were used and randomly grouped into ten rats per group, control, sodium fluoride (NaF; 300 ppm) only, NaF plus clofibrate (250 mg/kg) and NaF plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 7 days. The administration of NaF was by drinking water ad libitum, while clofibrate and lisinopril were administered by oral gavage. Administration of NaF induced hypertension, and was accompanied with exaggerated oxidative stress; depletion of antioxidant defence system; reduced nitric oxide production; increased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure; activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); and testicular apoptosis. Treatment of rats with clofibrate reduced oxidative stress, improved antioxidant status, lowered high blood pressure through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, mineralocorticoid receptor over-activation, and abrogated testicular apoptosis. Taken together, clofibrate could offer exceptional therapeutic benefit in mitigating toxicity associated with sodium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumide Samuel Ajani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abimbola Obemisola Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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Concentration-dependent effects of chlorpyrifos oxon on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 78:105268. [PMID: 34756920 PMCID: PMC8710288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) is the active metabolite of the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos. CPO is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and other serine hydrolases including fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). AChE is critical in regulating cholinergic signaling while FAAH catalyzes the inactivation of fatty acid signaling lipids including the endocannabinoid (eCB) N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and eCB-like metabolites (e.g., oleoylethanolamide, OEA). AEA and OEA are both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists that regulate numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. We used the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, which expresses AChE, FAAH and PPAR alpha and gamma subtypes, to evaluate the potential effects of CPO on PPAR-related gene expression in an in vitro human cell system. CPO elicited relatively similar concentration-dependent inhibition of both AChE and FAAH. Marked concentration- and time-dependent changes in the expression of four selected PPAR-related genes, LXRα, ACOX1, ABCG2 and AGPAT2, were noted. These findings suggest chlorpyrifos may influence lipid metabolism through blocking the degradation of eCBs or eCB-like metabolites and in turn affecting PPAR receptor activation. The results highlight the potential for non-cholinesterase actions of this common insecticide metabolite through disruption of PPAR signaling including effects on lipid metabolism, immune function and inflammation.
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22
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Kirk AB, Michelsen-Correa S, Rosen C, Martin CF, Blumberg B. PFAS and Potential Adverse Effects on Bone and Adipose Tissue Through Interactions With PPARγ. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6364127. [PMID: 34480479 PMCID: PMC9034324 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a widely dispersed, broad class of synthetic chemicals with diverse biological effects, including effects on adipose and bone differentiation. PFAS most commonly occur as mixtures and only rarely, if ever, as single environmental contaminants. This poses significant regulatory questions and a pronounced need for chemical risk assessments, analytical methods, and technological solutions to reduce the risk to public and environmental health. The effects of PFAS on biological systems may be complex. Each may have several molecular targets initiating multiple biochemical events leading to a number of different adverse outcomes. An exposure to mixtures or coexposures of PFAS complicates the picture further. This review illustrates how PFAS target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Additionally, we describe how such activation leads to changes in cell differentiation and bone development that contributes to metabolic disorder and bone weakness. This discussion sheds light on the importance of seemingly modest outcomes observed in test animals and highlights why the most sensitive end points identified in some chemical risk assessments are significant from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Kirk
- Correspondence: Andrea Kirk, PhD, US EPA Headquarters, William Jefferson Clinton Bldg, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Mail Code 5201P, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
| | - Stephani Michelsen-Correa
- EPA Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Washington, District of Columbia 20460, USA
| | - Cliff Rosen
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | | | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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23
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Associations between maternal mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate levels, nuclear receptor gene polymorphisms, and fatty acid levels in pregnant Japanese women in the Hokkaido study. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:22-32. [PMID: 34801790 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed how the interaction between mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in maternal sera and the maternal genotypes associated with nuclear receptors affect fatty acid levels in a prospective birth cohort study of pregnant Japanese individuals (n = 437) recruited in Sapporo between 2002 and 2005. We analyzed MEHP and fatty acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, PPAR gamma (PPARG), PPARG coactivator 1A (PPARGC1A), PPAR delta, constitutive androstane receptor, liver X receptor (LXR) alpha, and LXR beta (LXRB) were analyzed using real-time PCR. Multiple linear regression models were used to confirm the influence of log10-transformed MEHP levels and maternal genotypes on log10-transformed fatty acid levels. When the effects of the interaction between MEHP levels and the maternal PPARGC1A (rs8192678) genotype on oleic acid levels were evaluated, the estimated changes (95 % confidence intervals) in oleic acid levels against MEHP levels, maternal PPARGC1A (rs8192678)-GA/AA genotype, and the interaction between them showed a mean reduction of 0.200 (0.079, 0.322), mean reduction of 0.141 (0.000, 0.283), and mean increase of 0.145 (0.010, 0.281), respectively, after adjusting for the perfluorooctanesulfonate level. The effects of the interaction between MEHP levels and maternal LXRB (rs2303044) genotype on linoleic acid levels was also significant (pint = 0.010). In conclusion, the interaction between MEHP and the maternal genotypes PPARGC1A (rs8192678) and LXRB (rs2303044) decreased fatty acid levels. Further, the interaction between MEHP and PPARGC1A (rs8192678) may have a greater effect on fatty acid levels than the interaction between PFOS and PPARGC1A.
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24
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Kukal S, Guin D, Rawat C, Bora S, Mishra MK, Sharma P, Paul PR, Kanojia N, Grewal GK, Kukreti S, Saso L, Kukreti R. Multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2: expression and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6887-6939. [PMID: 34586444 PMCID: PMC11072723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have expanded the understanding of its role in physiology, disease pathology and drug resistance. With a widely distributed expression across different cell types, ABCG2 plays a central role in ATP-dependent efflux of a vast range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and providing tissue protection against xenobiotic insults. However, ABCG2 expression is subjected to alterations under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, infection, tissue injury, disease pathology and in response to xenobiotics and endobiotics. These changes may interfere with the bioavailability of therapeutic substrate drugs conferring drug resistance and in certain cases worsen the pathophysiological state aggravating its severity. Considering the crucial role of ABCG2 in normal physiology, therapeutic interventions directly targeting the transporter function may produce serious side effects. Therefore, modulation of transporter regulation instead of inhibiting the transporter itself will allow subtle changes in ABCG2 activity. This requires a thorough comprehension of diverse factors and complex signaling pathways (Kinases, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog) operating at multiple regulatory levels dictating ABCG2 expression and activity. This review features a background on the physiological role of transporter, factors that modulate ABCG2 levels and highlights various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 regulation. This understanding will aid in identifying potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions to overcome ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) and to manage ABCG2-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144004, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Jiang Q, Ji A, Li D, Shi L, Gao M, Lv N, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Chen R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Cui L. Mitochondria damage in ambient particulate matter induced cardiotoxicity: Roles of PPAR alpha/PGC-1 alpha signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117792. [PMID: 34280742 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) had been associated with cardiotoxicity, while the mechanism of toxicity has yet to be elucidated, with mitochondria dysfunction as a potential candidate. To investigate the potential cardiotoxic effects of ambient PM exposure and assess the damage to cardiac mitochondria, C57/B6 mice were exposed to filtered air or real ambient PM for three or six weeks. Furthermore, to reveal the role of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in PM exposure induced cardiotoxicity/mitochondria damage, animals were also co-treated with PPAR alpha agonist WY 14,643 or PPAR alpha antagonist GW 6471. Cardiotoxicity was assessed with echocardiography and histopathology, while mitochondria damage was evaluated with mitochondria membrane potential measurement and transmission electron microscopy. Potential impacts of PM exposure to PPAR alpha signaling were detected with co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The results indicated that exposure to ambient PM exposure induced cardiotoxicity in C57/B6 mice, including altered cardiac functional parameters and morphology. Cardiac mitochondria damage is detected, in the form of compromised mitochondria membrane potential and morphology. Molecular investigations revealed disruption of PPAR alpha interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1A (PGC-1a) as well as altered expression levels of PPAR alpha downstream genes. Co-treatment with WY 14,643 alleviated the observed toxicities, while co-treatment with GW 6471 had mixed results, exaggerating most cardiotoxicity and mitochondrial damage endpoints but alleviating some cardiac functional parameters. Interestingly, WY 14,643 and GW 6471 co-treatment seemed to exhibit similar regulative effects towards PPAR alpha signaling in animals exposed to PM. In conclusion, ambient PM exposure indeed induced cardiotoxicity in C57/B6 mice, in which cardiac mitochondria damage and disrupted PPAR alpha signaling are contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andong Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Tahri-Joutey M, Andreoletti P, Surapureddi S, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Latruffe N. Mechanisms Mediating the Regulation of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation by PPARα. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168969. [PMID: 34445672 PMCID: PMC8396561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, two cellular organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, share the ability to degrade fatty acid chains. Although each organelle harbors its own fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, a distinct mitochondrial system feeds the oxidative phosphorylation pathway for ATP synthesis. At the same time, the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway participates in cellular thermogenesis. A scientific milestone in 1965 helped discover the hepatomegaly effect in rat liver by clofibrate, subsequently identified as a peroxisome proliferator in rodents and an activator of the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. These peroxisome proliferators were later identified as activating ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα), cloned in 1990. The ligand-activated heterodimer PPARα/RXRα recognizes a DNA sequence, called PPRE (Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element), corresponding to two half-consensus hexanucleotide motifs, AGGTCA, separated by one nucleotide. Accordingly, the assembled complex containing PPRE/PPARα/RXRα/ligands/Coregulators controls the expression of the genes involved in liver peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. This review mobilizes a considerable number of findings that discuss miscellaneous axes, covering the detailed expression pattern of PPARα in species and tissues, the lessons from several PPARα KO mouse models and the modulation of PPARα function by dietary micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Tahri-Joutey
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Quintela T, Furtado A, Duarte AC, Gonçalves I, Myung J, Santos CRA. The role of circadian rhythm in choroid plexus functions. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102129. [PMID: 34343629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For several years, a great effort has been devoted to understand how circadian oscillations in physiological processes are determined by the circadian clock system. This system is composed by the master clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus which sets the pace and tunes peripheral clocks in several organs. It was recently demonstrated that the choroid plexus epithelial cells that compose the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier hold a circadian clock which might control their multiple functions with implications for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. However, the choroid plexus activities regulated by its inner clock are still largely unknown. In this review, we propose that several choroid plexus functions might be regulated by the circadian clock, alike in other tissues. We provide evidences that the timing of cerebrospinal fluid secretion, clearance of amyloid-beta peptides and xenobiotics, and the barrier function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are regulated by the circadian clock. These data, highlight that the circadian regulation of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier must be taken into consideration for enhancing drug delivery to central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - André Furtado
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, No. 172-1 Sec. 2 Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Zhang W, Li JY, Wei XC, Wang Q, Yang JY, Hou H, Du ZW, Wu XA. Effects of dibutyl phthalate on lipid metabolism in liver and hepatocytes based on PPARα/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112029. [PMID: 33508418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phateacid esters (PAEs), such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), have been widely used and human exposure results into serious toxic effects; such as the development of fatty liver disease. In the present study, SD rat models for in vivo study (normal and fatty liver model group) and hepatocytes for in vitro study (normal and abnormal lipid metabolism model group) were established to determine the effects of DBP on liver function and discover the possible mechanisms. Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARα) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARα/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process. Results suggested that DBP could activate PPARα signaling pathway and affected the protein expression of SREBP, FAS and GPAT to cause hyperlipidemia and abnormal liver function. DBP also could inhibit the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK to inhibit the decomposition and metabolism of lipids. Interestingly, the effects of DBP could be alleviated by GW6471 and AICAR. Our experimental results provide reliable evidence that DBP exposure could further induce liver lipid metabolism disorder and other hepatic toxicity through PPARα/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Department of Biological Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ji-Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xin-An Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, PR China.
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Betterton RD, Davis TP, Ronaldson PT. Organic Cation Transporter (OCT/OCTN) Expression at Brain Barrier Sites: Focus on CNS Drug Delivery. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:301-328. [PMID: 33674914 PMCID: PMC8603467 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) continues to be a considerable challenge in the pharmacological treatment and management of neurological disorders. This is primarily due to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of brain barrier sites (i.e., blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB)). Drug uptake into brain tissue is highly restricted by expression of tight junction protein complexes and adherens junctions between brain microvascular endothelial cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells. Additionally, efflux transport proteins expressed at the plasma membrane of these same endothelial and epithelial cells act to limit CNS concentrations of centrally acting drugs. In contrast, facilitated diffusion via transporter proteins allows for substrate-specific flux of molecules across the plasma membrane, directing drug uptake into the CNS. Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) and Novel Organic Cation Transporters (OCTNs) are two subfamilies of the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family of proteins that have significant potential to mediate delivery of positively charged, zwitterionic, and uncharged therapeutics. While expression of these transporters has been well characterized in peripheral tissues, the functional expression of OCT and OCTN transporters at CNS barrier sites and their role in delivery of therapeutic drugs to molecular targets in the brain require more detailed analysis. In this chapter, we will review current knowledge on localization, function, and regulation of OCT and OCTN isoforms at the BBB and BCSFB with a particular emphasis on how these transporters can be utilized for CNS delivery of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Betterton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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MG53 Protects against Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- α. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7413693. [PMID: 32908637 PMCID: PMC7474382 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7413693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The heart is one of the most commonly affected organs during sepsis. Mitsugumin-53 (MG53) has attracted attention in research due to its cardioprotective function. However, the role of MG53 in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of MG53 in SIMD and investigate its potential relationship with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). Methods The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was created to induce SIMD in rats. Protein levels of MG53 and PPARα, cardiac function, cardiomyocyte injury, myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured at 18 h after CLP. The effects of MG53 on PPARα in SIMD were investigated via preconditioning recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) and PPARα antagonist GW6471. Results The expression of MG53 and PPARα sharply decreased in the myocardium at 18 h after CLP. Compared with the sham group, cardiac function was significantly depressed, which was associated with the destructed myocardium, upregulated oxidative stress indicators and proinflammatory cytokines, and excessive cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the CLP group. Supplementation with rhMG53 enhanced myocardial MG53, increased the survival rate with improved cardiac function, and reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial apoptosis, which were associated with PPARα upregulation. Pretreatment with GW6471 abolished the abovementioned protective effects induced by MG53. Conclusions Both MG53 and PPARα were downregulated after sepsis shock. MG53 supplement protects the heart against SIMD by upregulating PPARα expression. Our results provide a new treatment strategy for SIMD.
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Pardridge WM. The Isolated Brain Microvessel: A Versatile Experimental Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Physiol 2020; 11:398. [PMID: 32457645 PMCID: PMC7221163 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile experimental model for the investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including the neuro-vascular unit, is the isolated brain microvessel preparation. Brain microvessels are primarily comprised of endothelial cells, but also include pericytes, pre-capillary arteriolar smooth muscle cells, astrocyte foot processes, and occasional nerve endings. These microvessels can be isolated from brain with a 3 h procedure, and the microvessels are free of brain parenchyma. Brain microvessels have been isolated from fresh animal brain, fresh human brain obtained at neurosurgery, as well as fresh or frozen autopsy human brain. Brain microvessels are the starting point for isolation of brain microvessel RNA, which then enables the production of BBB cDNA libraries and a genomics analysis of the brain microvasculature. Brain microvessels, combined with quantitative targeted absolute proteomics, allow for the quantitation of specific transporters or receptors expressed at the brain microvasculature. Brain microvessels, combined with specific antibodies and immune labeling of isolated capillaries, allow for the cellular location of proteins expressed within the neuro-vascular unit. Isolated brain microvessels can be used as an “in vitro” preparation of the BBB for the study of the kinetic parameters of BBB carrier-mediated transport (CMT) systems, or for the determination of dissociation constants of peptide binding to BBB receptor-mediated transport (RMT) systems expressed at either the animal or the human BBB. This review will discuss how the isolated brain microvessel model system has advanced our understanding of the organization and functional properties of the BBB, and highlight recent renewed interest in this 50 year old model of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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32
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Yap C, Short JL, Nicolazzo JA. A Combination of Clioquinol, Zinc and Copper Increases the Abundance and Function of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:338-346. [PMID: 32339529 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the abundance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) has the potential to impact brain levels of drugs and endogenous substrates. Studies have demonstrated that the metal ionophore clioquinol (CQ) increases BBB abundance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an effect associated with increased endothelial cell levels of Cu2+. This study therefore assessed whether human brain endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cell abundance and function of BCRP is modulated by CQ. hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with CQ, Zn2+ and Cu2+ (CZC) (0.5 μM, 0.5 μM, 0.1 μM, respectively) for 24 h and BCRP mRNA and protein abundance was determined by Western blot and qPCR, respectively. After a series of optimisation studies assessing specificity of bodipy prazosin (BP) and Ko143 as a substrate and inhibitor of BCRP, respectively, the impact of CZC on BP uptake was assessed. While CZC did not increase mRNA expression of BCRP, BCRP abundance was increased 1.8 ± 0.1-fold; this was associated with a 68.1 ± 3.3% reduction in accumulation of BP in hCMEC/D3 cells. This is the first study to demonstrate that augmenting metal ion availability enhances protein abundance and function of BCRP at the BBB, which may be exploited to modulate CNS access of therapeutics and endogenous substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Yap
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Short
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Elsherbiny ME. Hyperlipidemia: Insights into Mechanisms Involved in Modulation of Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.32527/2020/101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gorczyca L, Aleksunes LM. Transcription factor-mediated regulation of the BCRP/ ABCG2 efflux transporter: a review across tissues and species. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:239-253. [PMID: 32077332 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1732348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transporters. Using the energy garnered from the hydrolysis of ATP, BCRP actively removes drugs and endogenous molecules from the cell. With broad expression across the liver, kidney, brain, placenta, testes, and small intestines, BCRP can impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of xenobiotics.Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to summarize the transcriptional signaling pathways that regulate BCRP expression across various tissues and mammalian species. We will cover the endobiotic- and xenobiotic-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression and activity of BCRP. These include the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, nuclear factor e2-related factor 2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Expert opinion: Key transcription factors regulate BCRP expression and function in response to hormones and xenobiotics. Understanding this regulation provides an opportunity to improve pharmacotherapeutic outcomes by enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of drugs that are substrates of this efflux transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Gorczyca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Division of Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Cannon RE, Richards AC, Trexler AW, Juberg CT, Sinha B, Knudsen GA, Birnbaum LS. Effect of GenX on P-Glycoprotein, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 at the Blood-Brain Barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:37002. [PMID: 32212926 PMCID: PMC7137913 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (GenX) is a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid in the production of fluoropolymers used in a variety of consumer products. GenX alters fetal development and antibody production and elicits toxic responses in the livers and kidneys of rodents. The GenX effect on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is unknown. The BBB protects the brain from xenobiotic neurotoxicants and harmful endogenous metabolites. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of GenX on the transport activity and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) at the BBB. METHODS Transporter activities were measured in isolated rat brain capillaries by a confocal microscopy-based method. ATPase (enzymatic hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to inorganic phosphate) levels were measured in vitro. Western blotting determined P-gp and BCRP protein levels. Cell survival after GenX exposure was determined for two human cell lines. RESULTS Nanomolar levels of GenX inhibited P-gp and BCRP but not MRP2 transport activities in male and female rat brain capillaries. P-gp transport activity returned to control levels after GenX removal. GenX did not reduce P-gp- or BCRP-associated ATPase activity in an in vitro transport assay system. Reductions of P-gp but not BCRP transport activity were blocked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ ) antagonist. GenX reduced P-gp and BCRP transport activity in human cells. CONCLUSION In rats, GenX at 0.1 - 100 nM rapidly (in 1-2 h) inhibited P-gp and BCRP transport activities at the BBB through different mechanisms. PPAR γ was required for the GenX effects on P-gp but not BCRP transport activity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Cannon
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alicia C Richards
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew W Trexler
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher T Juberg
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Birandra Sinha
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriel A Knudsen
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Low YL, Jin L, Morris ER, Pan Y, Nicolazzo JA. Pioglitazone Increases Blood-Brain Barrier Expression of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 and Docosahexaenoic Acid Trafficking into the Brain. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:873-884. [PMID: 31944767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential cognitively beneficial fatty acid, are reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have demonstrated in an AD mouse model that this is associated with reduced blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of DHA and lower expression of the key DHA-trafficking protein, fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5). This study focused on assessing the impact of activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms on FABP5 expression and function at the BBB. Using immortalized human brain endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells, a 72 h treatment with the PPARα agonist clofibrate (100 μM), and PPARβ/δ agonists GW0742 (1 μM) and GW501506 (0.5 μM), did not affect FABP5 protein expression. In contrast, the PPARγ agonists rosiglitazone (5 μM), pioglitazone (25 μM), and troglitazone (1 μM) increased FABP5 protein expression by 1.15-, 1.18-, and 1.24-fold in hCMEC/D3 cells, respectively, with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone also increasing mRNA expression of FABP5. In line with an increase in FABP5 expression, pioglitazone increased 14C-DHA uptake into hCMEC/D3 cells 1.20- to 1.33-fold over a 2 min period, and this was not associated with increased expression of membrane transporters involved in DHA uptake. Furthermore, treating male C57BL/6J mice with pioglitazone (40 mg/kg/day for 7 days) led to a 1.79-fold increase in BBB transport of 14C-DHA over 1 min, using an in situ transcardiac perfusion technique, which was associated with a 1.82-fold increase in brain microvascular FABP5 protein expression. Overall, this study demonstrated that PPARγ can regulate FABP5 at the BBB and facilitate DHA transport across the BBB, important in restoring brain levels of DHA in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling Low
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Liang Jin
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elonie R Morris
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Vagnerová K, Ergang P, Soták M, Balounová K, Kvapilová P, Vodička M, Pácha J. Diurnal expression of ABC and SLC transporters in jejunum is modulated by adrenalectomy. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108607. [PMID: 31422161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock system drives many physiological processes, including plasma concentration of glucocorticoids and epithelial transport of some ions and nutrients. As glucocorticoids entrain the circadian rhythms in various peripheral organs, we examined whether adrenalectomy affects the expression and circadian rhythmicity of intestinal transporters of the solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) families, which participate in intestinal barriers for absorption of nutrients, nonnutrients and oral drugs. The rat jejunum showed rhythmic circadian profiles of Sglt1, Pept1, Nhe3, Mdr1 and Mrp2 but not Mct1, Oct1, Octn1, Oatp1, Cnt1 and Bcrp. With the exception of Pept1 and Mct1, adrenalectomy decreased the expression of all rhythmic and arrhythmic transporters including the amplitude of Sglt1 and Nhe3 rhythms but minimally affected the phases of rhythmic transporters except of Nhe3. Similarly, adrenalectomy downregulated the expression of rhythmic (Pparα, Hlf, Pgc1α) and arrhythmic (Hnf1β, Hnf4α) transcription factors, which are known to regulate the expression of transporters. We conclude that endogenous corticosteroids have a profound effect on the expression of intestinal SLC and ABC transporters and their nuclear transcription factors. The circulating corticosteroids are necessary for maintaining upregulated expression of Sglt1, Oct1, Octn1, Oatp1, Cnt1, Nhe3, Mdr1, Bcrp, Mrp2, Pparα, Pgc1α, Hnf1β, Hnf4α and Hlf and for maintaining the high amplitude of Sglt1, Nhe3, Pparα, Pgc1α and Hlf circadian rhythms. The study demonstrates that signals from the adrenal gland are necessary for maintaining the expression of arrhythmic and rhythmic intestinal transporters and that changes in the secretion of corticosteroids associated with stress might reorganize intestinal transport barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vagnerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Soták
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Balounová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Kvapilová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Li Y, Zhu ZY, Lu BW, Huang TT, Zhang YM, Zhou NY, Xuan W, Chen ZA, Wen DX, Yu WF, Li PY. Rosiglitazone ameliorates tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhage after stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1343-1352. [PMID: 31756041 PMCID: PMC6887660 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Delayed thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may exacerbate blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown after ischemic stroke and lead to catastrophic hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Rosiglitazone(RSG), a widely used antidiabetic drug that activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia through promoting poststroke microglial polarization toward the beneficial anti‐inflammatory phenotype. However, whether RSG can alleviate HT after delayed tPA treatment remains unknown. In this study, we sort to examine the role of RSG on tPA‐induced HT after stroke. Methods and results We used the murine suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models of stroke followed by delayed administration of tPA (10 mg/kg, 2 hours after suture occlusion) to investigate the therapeutic potential of RSG against tPA‐induced HT. When RSG(6 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 1 hour before MCAO in tPA‐treated MCAO mice, HT in the ischemic territory was significantly attenuated 1 day after stroke. In the tPA‐treated MCAO mice, we found RSG significantly mitigated BBB disruption and hemorrhage development compared to tPA‐alone‐treated stroke mice. Using flow cytometry and immunostaining, we confirmed that the expression of CD206 was significantly upregulated while the expression of iNOS was down‐regulated in microglia of the RSG‐treated mice. We further found that the expression of Arg‐1 was also upregulated in those tPA and RSG‐treated stroke mice and the protection against tPA‐induced HT and BBB disruption in these mice were abolished in the presence of PPAR‐γ antagonist GW9662 (4 mg/kg, 1 hour before dMCAO through intraperitoneal injection). Conclusions RSG treatment protects against BBB damage and ameliorates HT in delayed tPA‐treated stroke mice by activating PPAR‐γ and favoring microglial polarization toward anti‐inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Man Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Ai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Xiang Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Cannon RE, Trexler AW, Knudsen GA, Evans RA, Birnbaum LS. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) Alters ABC Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Toxicol Sci 2019; 169:475-484. [PMID: 30830211 PMCID: PMC6542337 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA, CAS No. 79-94-7) is a brominated flame retardant used in 90% of epoxy coated circuit boards. Exposures to TBBPA can induce neurotoxicity and disrupt MAPK, estrogen, thyroid, and PPAR-associated signaling pathways. Because these pathways also regulate transporters of the central nervous system barriers, we sought to determine the effect of TBBPA on the expression and activity of 3 ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using a confocal based assay, we measured the ex vivo and in vivo effects of TBBPA on P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) transport activity in rat brain capillaries. Our rationale for using a rat model was based on tissue availability, ease of handling, and availability of historical TBBPA toxicokinetic data. We found that TBBPA (1-1000 nM) exposure had no significant effect on multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 transport activity in either sex, suggesting TBBPA does not compromise the physical integrity of the BBB. However, low concentrations of TBBPA (1-100 nM) significantly decreased breast cancer resistant protein transport activity in both sexes. Additionally, TBBPA exposures (1-100 nM), elicited a sex-dependent response in P-gp transport: increasing transport activity in males and decreasing transport activity in females. All TBBPA dependent changes in transport activity were dose- and time-dependent. Inhibitors of either transcription or translation abolished the TBBPA dependent increases in male P-gp transport activity. Western blot and immunofluorescent assays confirmed the TBBPA dependent P-gp increases expression in males and decreases in females. Antagonizing PPAR-γ abolished the TBBPA dependent increases in males but not the decreases in females. However, the decreases in female P-gp transport were blocked by an ER-α antagonist. This work indicates that environmentally relevant concentrations of TBBPA (1-100 nM) alter ABC transporter function at the BBB. Moreover, permeability changes in the BBB can alter brain homeostasis, hinder central nervous system drug delivery, and increase the brain's exposure to harmful xenobiotic toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Cannon
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Andrew W Trexler
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gabriel A Knudsen
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Rebecca A Evans
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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40
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Rigalli JP, Tocchetti GN, Weiss J. Modulation of ABC Transporters by Nuclear Receptors: Physiological, Pathological and Pharmacological Aspects. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1079-1112. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170920141707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters are membrane proteins mediating the efflux of endo- and xenobiotics. Transporter expression is not static but instead is subject to a dynamic modulation aiming at responding to changes in the internal environment and thus at maintaining homeostatic conditions. Nuclear receptors are ligand modulated transcription factors that get activated upon changes in the intracellular concentrations of the respective agonists and bind to response elements within the promoter of ABC transporters, thus modulating their expression and, consequently, their activity. This review compiles information about transporter regulation by nuclear receptors classified according to the perpetrator compounds and the biological effects resulting from the regulation. Modulation by hormone receptors is involved in maintaining endocrine homeostasis and may also lead to an altered efflux of other substrates in cases of altered hormonal levels. Xenobiotic receptors play a key role in limiting the accumulation of potentially harmful compounds. In addition, their frequent activation by therapeutic agents makes them common molecular elements mediating drug-drug interactions and cancer multidrug resistance. Finally, lipid and retinoid receptors are usually activated by endogenous molecules, thus sensing metabolic changes and inducing ABC transporters to counteract potential alterations. Furthermore, the axis nuclear receptor-ABC transporter constitutes a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of several disease states like cancer, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the current work, we summarize the information available on the pharmacological potential of nuclear receptor modulators and discuss their applicability in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology. University of Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Tocchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology. University of Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology. University of Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Wu L, Wang Y, Chi G, Shen B, Tian Y, Li Z, Han L, Zhang Q, Feng H. Morin reduces inflammatory responses and alleviates lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19785-19798. [PMID: 30937936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Morin (MO), a natural bioflavinoid, exists in many herbs. Previous studies have acclaimed MO's anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anticancer, and antihyperglycemic biological effects. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanism of MO involved in the oleic acid (OA)-induced inflammatory damage and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cell and tyloxapol (Ty)-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. We found that MO can efficaciously mitigate reactive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in OA-induced HepG2 cell and in tyloxapol-induced mice. Next, the study testified that MO apparently suppressed OA-excited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in HepG2 cell. In addition, MO distinctly upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and decreased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in OA-induced HepG2 cell and in tyloxapol-induced mice, both of which are dependent upon the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (AKT). In conclusion, these results suggest that MO has protective potential against hyperlipidemia and steatosis, and the potential mechanism may have a close relation with activation of PPARα and inhibition of SREBP-1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gefu Chi
- Medical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Poruba M, Matuskova Z, Hüttl M, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Gurska S, Kazdova L, Vecera R. Fenofibrate Decreases Hepatic P-Glycoprotein in a Rat Model of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:56. [PMID: 30787874 PMCID: PMC6373460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane-bound transporter encoded by Mdr1a/Abcb1a and Mdr1b/Abcb1b genes in rodents involved in the efflux of cytotoxic chemicals and metabolites from cells. Modulation of its activity influences P-gp-mediated drug delivery and drug-drug interaction (DDI). In the current study, we tested the effects of fenofibrate on P-gp mRNA and protein content in non-obese model of metabolic syndrome. Males hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg) were fed standard laboratory diet (STD) (Controls) supplemented with micronized fenofibrate in lower (25 mg/kg b. wt./day) or in higher (100 mg/kg b. wt./day) dose for 4 weeks. Liver was used for the subsequent mRNA and protein content analysis. Fenofibrate in lower dose decreased hepatic Mdr1a by 75% and Mdr1b by 85%, while fenofibrate in higher dose decreased Mdr1a by 90% and Mdr1b by 92%. P-gp protein content in the liver was decreased by 74% in rat treated with fenofibrate at lower dose and by 88% in rats using fenofibrate at higher dose. These findings demonstrate for the first time that fenofibrate decreases both mRNA and protein amount of P-gp and suggest that fenofibrate could affect bioavailability and interaction of drugs used to treat dyslipidemia-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Poruba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Matuskova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Malinska
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Markova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sona Gurska
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rostislav Vecera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Xu D, Huang S, Wang H, Xie W. Regulation of brain drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters by nuclear receptors. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:407-414. [PMID: 30501435 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1554673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) belong to a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors. The target genes of NRs include many drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The central nervous system (CNS) bears the expression of NRs, drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. NRs that express in the brain can be divided into three groups according to their characteristics of ligand binding: steroid hormone receptors, non-steroid hormone receptors, and orphan receptors. The NR-mediated regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters plays important roles in the metabolism and disposition of drugs in the CNS and the penetration of endogenous and exogenous substances through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). NR-mediated regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters can cause the toxicological effects of xenobiotics in the CNS and also lead to drug resistance in the centrum. The regulatory pathways of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters can provide new strategies for selective regulation of the BBB permeability and drug metabolism in the brain. This review focuses on the importance of NR-mediated regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the CNS and the implications of this regulation in the therapeutic effect of CNS drugs and CNS side effects of drugs and other xenotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,b Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,c Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Wuhan , China
| | - Songqiang Huang
- a Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Hui Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,c Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Wuhan , China
| | - Wen Xie
- b Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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44
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Progress in brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2017. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29391031 PMCID: PMC5796342 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The past year, 2017, has seen many important papers published in the fields covered by Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. This article from the Editors highlights some.
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45
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Bockor L, Bortolussi G, Vodret S, Iaconcig A, Jašprová J, Zelenka J, Vitek L, Tiribelli C, Muro AF. Modulation of bilirubin neurotoxicity by the Abcb1 transporter in the Ugt1-/- lethal mouse model of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:145-157. [PMID: 28025333 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate neonatal jaundice is the most common clinical condition during newborn life. However, a combination of factors may result in acute hyperbilirubinemia, placing infants at risk of developing bilirubin encephalopathy and death by kernicterus. While most risk factors are known, the mechanisms acting to reduce susceptibility to bilirubin neurotoxicity remain unclear. The presence of modifier genes modulating the risk of developing bilirubin-induced brain damage is increasingly being recognised. The Abcb1 and Abcc1 members of the ABC family of transporters have been suggested to have an active role in exporting unconjugated bilirubin from the central nervous system into plasma. However, their role in reducing the risk of developing neurological damage and death during neonatal development is still unknown.To this end, we mated Abcb1a/b-/- and Abcc1-/- strains with Ugt1-/- mice, which develop severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. While about 60% of Ugt1-/- mice survived after temporary phototherapy, all Abcb1a/b-/-/Ugt1-/- mice died before postnatal day 21, showing higher cerebellar levels of unconjugated bilirubin. Interestingly, Abcc1 role appeared to be less important.In the cerebellum of Ugt1-/- mice, hyperbilirubinemia induced the expression of Car and Pxr nuclear receptors, known regulators of genes involved in the genotoxic response.We demonstrated a critical role of Abcb1 in protecting the cerebellum from bilirubin toxicity during neonatal development, the most clinically relevant phase for human babies, providing further understanding of the mechanisms regulating bilirubin neurotoxicity in vivo. Pharmacological treatments aimed to increase Abcb1 and Abcc1 expression, could represent a therapeutic option to reduce the risk of bilirubin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Bockor
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bortolussi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iaconcig
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Jana Jašprová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park, Campus Basovizza Trieste, Italy and
| | - Andrés F Muro
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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46
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Chan GNY, Evans RA, Banks DB, Mesev EV, Miller DS, Cannon RE. Selective induction of P-glycoprotein at the CNS barriers during symptomatic stage of an ALS animal model. Neurosci Lett 2016; 639:103-113. [PMID: 28011392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) residing at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) are major obstacles for drug delivery to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Disease-induced changes of these xenobiotic transporters at the CNS barriers have been previously documented. Changes in the functional expression of these transporters at the CNS barriers would limit the clinical efficacy of therapeutic agents targeting the CNS. In this study, we characterized the changes in expression and efflux activity of P-gp, BCRP and MRP2 at the BBB and BSCB of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) SOD1-G93A transgenic rat model across the three stages of disease progression: pre-onset, onset and symptomatic. Up-regulation of P-gp and BCRP at the BBB and BSCB during disease progression of ALS would reduce drug entry to the CNS, while any decreases in transport activity would increase drug entry. In SOD rats at the ALS symptomatic stage, we observed increases in both P-gp transport activity and expression compared to age-matched wildtypes. BCRP and MRP2 levels were unchanged in these animals. Immunohistochemical analysis in brain and spinal cord capillaries of SOD rats from all three ALS stages and age-matched wildtypes showed no differences in nuclear localization of a known P-gp regulator, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). It suggests that NFκB may have a limited role during P-gp induction observed in our study and additional signaling pathways could be responsible for this response. Our observations imply that novel pharmacological approaches for treating ALS require selecting drugs that are not P-gp substrates in order to improve therapeutic efficacy in the CNS during ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N Y Chan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rebecca A Evans
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - David B Banks
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Emily V Mesev
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - David S Miller
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Ronald E Cannon
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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