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Callewaert B, Gsell W, Lox M, Backes WH, Jones EAV, Himmelreich U. Intravoxel incoherent motion as a surrogate marker of perfused vascular density in rat brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5148. [PMID: 38556903 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has emerged as a valuable technique for the assessment of tissue characteristics and perfusion. However, there is limited knowledge about the relationship between IVIM-derived measures and changes at the level of the vascular network. In this study, we investigated the potential use of IVIM MRI as a noninvasive tool for measuring changes in cerebral vascular density. Variations in quantitative immunohistochemical measurements of the vascular density across different regions in the rat brain (cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus) were related to the pseudo-diffusion coefficient D* and the flowing blood fraction f in healthy Wistar rats. We assessed whether region-wise differences in the vascular density are reflected by variations in the IVIM measurements and found a significant positive relationship with the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (p < 0.05, β = 0.24). The effect of cerebrovascular alterations, such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption on the perfusion-related IVIM parameters, is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BBB disruption on the IVIM measures in a rat model of metabolic and vascular comorbidities (ZSF1 obese rat) and assessed whether this affects the relationship between the cerebral vascular density and the noninvasive IVIM measurements. We observed increased vascular permeability without detecting any differences in diffusivity, suggesting that BBB leakage is present before changes in the tissue integrity. We observed no significant difference in the relationship between cerebral vascular density and the IVIM measurements in our model of comorbidities compared with healthy normotensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Callewaert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter H Backes
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Simchick G, Allen TJ, Hernando D. Reproducibility of intravoxel incoherent motion quantification in the liver across field strengths and gradient hardware. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 39119838 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate reproducibility and interlobar agreement of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) quantification in the liver across field strengths and MR scanners with different gradient hardware. METHODS Cramer-Rao lower bound optimization was performed to determine optimized monopolar and motion-robust 2D (b-value and first-order motion moment [M1]) IVIM-DWI acquisitions. Eleven healthy volunteers underwent diffusion MRI of the liver, where each optimized acquisition was obtained five times across three MRI scanners. For each data set, IVIM estimates (diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficients (d 1 * $$ {d}_1^{\ast } $$ andd 2 * $$ {d}_2^{\ast } $$ ), blood velocity SDs (Vb1 and Vb2), and perfusion fractions [f1 and f2]) were obtained in the right and left liver lobes using two signal models (pseudo-diffusion and M1-dependent physical) with and without T2 correction (fc1 and fc2) and three fitting techniques (tri-exponential region of interest-based full and segmented fitting and blood velocity SD distribution fitting). Reproducibility and interlobar agreement were compared across methods using within-subject and pairwise coefficients of variation (CVw and CVp), paired sample t-tests, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Using a combination of motion-robust 2D (b-M1) data acquisition, M1-dependent physical signal modeling with T2 correction, and blood velocity SD distribution fitting, multiscanner reproducibility with median CVw = 5.09%, 11.3%, 9.20%, 14.2%, and 12.6% for D, Vb1, Vb2, fc1, and fc2, respectively, and interlobar agreement with CVp = 8.14%, 11.9%, 8.50%, 49.9%, and 42.0%, respectively, was achieved. CONCLUSION Recently proposed advanced IVIM acquisition, signal modeling, and fitting techniques may facilitate reproducible IVIM quantification in the liver, as needed for establishment of IVIM-based quantitative biomarkers for detection, staging, and treatment monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Simchick
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy J Allen
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Someya Y, Iima M, Imai H, Isoda H, Ohno T, Kataoka M, Bihan DL, Nakamoto Y. In Vivo and Post-mortem Comparisons of IVIM/Time-dependent Diffusion MR Imaging Parameters in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Xenograft Models. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024:mp.2023-0078. [PMID: 38797683 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2023-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the changes in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion parameters between in vivo and post-mortem conditions and the time dependency of these parameters using two different mouse tumor models with different vessel lumen sizes. METHODS Six B16 and six MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice were scanned using 7 Tesla MRI under both in vivo/post-mortem conditions. Diffusion weighted imaging with 17 b-values (0-3000 s/mm2) were obtained at two diffusion times (9 and 27.6 ms). The shifted apparent diffusion coefficient (sADC) using 2 b-values (200 and 1500 s/mm2), non-Gaussian diffusion and IVIM parameters (ADC0, K, fIVIM) were estimated at each of the diffusion times. The results were evaluated by repeated measures two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test. RESULTS In B16 tumors, fIVIM significantly decreased with post-mortem conditions (from 12.6 ± 6.5% to 5.2 ± 1.9%, P < 0.05 at long diffusion time; from 11.0 ± 2.4% to 4.6 ± 2.7%, P < 0.05 at short diffusion time). In MDA-MB-231 tumors, fIVIM also significantly decreased (from 8.8 ± 3.8% to 2.6 ± 1.1%, P < 0.05 at long; from 7.9 ± 5.4% to 2.9 ± 1.1%, P < 0.05 at short). No diffusion time dependency was observed (P = 0.59 in B16 and P = 0.77 in MDA-MB-231). The sADC and ADC0 values tended to decrease and the K value tended to increase after sacrificing and when increasing the diffusion time. CONCLUSION The fIVIM values dropped after sacrificing, confirming that IVIM MRI is a promising quantitative parameter to evaluate blood microcirculation. The presence of residual post-mortem fIVIM values suggested that the influence of water molecule diffusion in the blood lumen may contribute to the IVIM effect. Diffusion MRI parameter's time dependency and those changes after sacrificing could possibly provide additional insights into diffusion hindrance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Someya
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Isoda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohno
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin/Joliot, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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Gilani N, Mikheev A, Brinkmann IM, Kumbella M, Babb JS, Basukala D, Wetscherek A, Benkert T, Chandarana H, Sigmund EE. Spatial profiling of in vivo diffusion-weighted MRI parameters in the healthy human kidney. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10334-024-01159-6. [PMID: 38703246 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffusion-weighted MRI is a technique that can infer microstructural and microcirculatory features from biological tissue, with particular application to renal tissue. There is extensive literature on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of anisotropy in the renal medulla, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) measurements separating microstructural from microcirculation effects, and combinations of the two. However, interpretation of these features and adaptation of more specific models remains an ongoing challenge. One input to this process is a whole organ distillation of corticomedullary contrast of diffusion metrics, as has been explored for other renal biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, we probe the spatial dependence of diffusion MRI metrics with concentrically layered segmentation in 11 healthy kidneys at 3 T. The metrics include those from DTI, IVIM, a combined approach titled "REnal Flow and Microstructure AnisotroPy (REFMAP)", and a multiply encoded model titled "FC-IVIM" providing estimates of fluid velocity and branching length. RESULTS Fractional anisotropy decreased from the inner kidney to the outer kidney with the strongest layer correlation in both parenchyma (including cortex and medulla) and medulla with Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values (r, p) of (0.42, <0.001) and (0.37, <0.001), respectively. Also, dynamic parameters derived from the three models significantly decreased with a high correlation from the inner to the outer parenchyma or medulla with (r, p) ranges of (0.46-0.55, <0.001). CONCLUSIONS These spatial trends might find implications for indirect assessments of kidney physiology and microstructure using diffusion MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Gilani
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA.
| | - Artem Mikheev
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | | | - Malika Kumbella
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Dibash Basukala
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Benkert
- MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Eric E Sigmund
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
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Sample C, Wu J, Clark H. Image denoising and model-independent parameterization for IVIM MRI. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:105001. [PMID: 38604177 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad3db8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective. To improve intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) magnetic resonance Imaging quality using a new image denoising technique and model-independent parameterization of the signal versusb-value curve.Approach. IVIM images were acquired for 13 head-and-neck patients prior to radiotherapy. Post-radiotherapy scans were also acquired for five of these patients. Images were denoised prior to parameter fitting using neural blind deconvolution, a method of solving the ill-posed mathematical problem of blind deconvolution using neural networks. The signal decay curve was then quantified in terms of several area under the curve (AUC) parameters. Improvements in image quality were assessed using blind image quality metrics, total variation (TV), and the correlations between parameter changes in parotid glands with radiotherapy dose levels. The validity of blur kernel predictions was assessed by the testing the method's ability to recover artificial 'pseudokernels'. AUC parameters were compared with monoexponential, biexponential, and triexponential model parameters in terms of their correlations with dose, contrast-to-noise (CNR) around parotid glands, and relative importance via principal component analysis.Main results. Image denoising improved blind image quality metrics, smoothed the signal versusb-value curve, and strengthened correlations between IVIM parameters and dose levels. Image TV was reduced and parameter CNRs generally increased following denoising.AUCparameters were more correlated with dose and had higher relative importance than exponential model parameters.Significance. IVIM parameters have high variability in the literature and perfusion-related parameters are difficult to interpret. Describing the signal versusb-value curve with model-independent parameters like theAUCand preprocessing images with denoising techniques could potentially benefit IVIM image parameterization in terms of reproducibility and functional utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Sample
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer, Surrey, BC, CA, Canada
| | - Jonn Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, CA, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA, Canada
| | - Haley Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer, Surrey, BC, CA, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA, Canada
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Maiuro A, Ercolani G, Di Stadio F, Antonelli A, Catalano C, Manganaro L, Capuani S. Two-Compartment Perfusion MR IVIM Model to Investigate Normal and Pathological Placental Tissue. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:879-891. [PMID: 37329218 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfusion and diffusion coexist in the placenta and can be altered by pathologies. The two-perfusion model, where f1 and, f2 are the perfusion-fraction of the fastest and slowest perfusion compartment, respectively, and D is the diffusion coefficient, may help differentiate between normal and impaired placentas. PURPOSE Investigate the potential of the two-perfusion IVIM model in differentiating between normal and abnormal placentas. STUDY-TYPE Retrospective, case-control. POPULATION 43 normal pregnancy, 9 fetal-growth-restriction (FGR), 6 small-for-gestational-age (SGA), 4 accreta, 1 increta and 2 percreta placentas. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Diffusion-weighted-echo planar imaging sequence at 1.5 T. ASSESSMENT Voxel-wise signal-correction and fitting-controls were used to avoid overfitting obtaining that two-perfusion model fitted the observed data better than the IVIM model (Akaike weight: 0.94). The two-perfusion parametric-maps were quantified from ROIs in the fetal and maternal placenta and in the accretion zone of accreta placentas. The diffusion coefficient D was evaluated using a b ≥ 200 sec/mm2 -mono-exponential decay fit. IVIM metrics were quantified to fix f1 + f2 = fIVIM . STATISTICAL-TESTS ANOVA with Dunn-Sidák's post-hoc correction and Cohen's d test were used to compare parameters between groups. Spearman's coefficient was evaluated to study the correlation between variables. A P-value<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. RESULTS There was a significant difference in f1 between FGR and SGA, and significant differences in f2 and fIVIM between normal and FGR. The percreta + increta group showed the highest f1 values (Cohen's d = -2.66). The f2 between normal and percreta + increta groups showed Cohen's d = 1.12. Conversely, fIVIM had a small effective size (Cohen's d = 0.32). In the accretion zone, a significant correlation was found between f2 and GA (ρ = 0.90) whereas a significant negative correlation was found between fIVIM and D (ρ = -0.37 in fetal and ρ = -0.56 in maternal side) and f2 and D (ρ = -0.38 in fetal and ρ = -0.51 in maternal side) in normal placentas. CONCLUSION The two-perfusion model provides complementary information to IVIM parameters that may be useful in identifying placenta impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maiuro
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Physics Department Rome, CNR ISC Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Ercolani
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amanda Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Manganaro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Capuani
- Physics Department Rome, CNR ISC Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Bone marrow MR perfusion imaging and potential for tumor evaluation. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:477-491. [PMID: 36271181 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The physiology of bone perfusion is reviewed outlining how it can be measured with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as well as intravoxel incoherent imaging. Evaluation of bone perfusion provides a potential means of assessing tumor activity and treatment response beyond that possible with standard MR imaging.
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Gomolka RS, Hablitz LM, Mestre H, Giannetto M, Du T, Hauglund NL, Xie L, Peng W, Martinez PM, Nedergaard M, Mori Y. Loss of aquaporin-4 results in glymphatic system dysfunction via brain-wide interstitial fluid stagnation. eLife 2023; 12:82232. [PMID: 36757363 PMCID: PMC9995113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a fluid transport network of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entering the brain along arterial perivascular spaces, exchanging with interstitial fluid (ISF), ultimately establishing directional clearance of interstitial solutes. CSF transport is facilitated by the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels on the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes. Mice with genetic deletion of AQP4 (AQP4 KO) exhibit abnormalities in the brain structure and molecular water transport. Yet, no studies have systematically examined how these abnormalities in structure and water transport correlate with glymphatic function. Here, we used high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance (MR) non-contrast cisternography, diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MR-DWI) along with intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) DWI, while evaluating glymphatic function using a standard dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to better understand how water transport and glymphatic function is disrupted after genetic deletion of AQP4. AQP4 KO mice had larger interstitial spaces and total brain volumes resulting in higher water content and reduced CSF space volumes, despite similar CSF production rates and vascular density compared to wildtype mice. The larger interstitial fluid volume likely resulted in increased slow but not fast MR diffusion measures and coincided with reduced glymphatic influx. This markedly altered brain fluid transport in AQP4 KO mice may result from a reduction in glymphatic clearance, leading to enlargement and stagnation of fluid in the interstitial space. Overall, diffusion MR is a useful tool to evaluate glymphatic function and may serve as valuable translational biomarker to study glymphatics in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Hablitz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Michael Giannetto
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | | | - Lulu Xie
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Weiguo Peng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | | | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Simchick G, Hernando D. Precision of region of interest-based tri-exponential intravoxel incoherent motion quantification and the role of the Intervoxel spatial distribution of flow velocities. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2662-2678. [PMID: 35968580 PMCID: PMC9529845 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to obtain precise tri-exponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) quantification in the liver using 2D (b-value and first-order motion moment [M1 ]) IVIM-DWI acquisitions and region of interest (ROI)-based fitting techniques. METHODS Diffusion MRI of the liver was performed in 10 healthy volunteers using three IVIM-DWI acquisitions: conventional monopolar, optimized monopolar, and optimized 2D (b-M1 ). For each acquisition, bi-exponential and tri-exponential full, segmented, and over-segmented ROI-based fitting and a newly proposed blood velocity SDdistribution (BVD) fitting technique were performed to obtain IVIM estimates in the right and left liver lobes. Fitting quality was evaluated using corrected Akaike information criterion. Precision metrics (test-retest repeatability, inter-reader reproducibility, and inter-lobar agreement) were evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis, repeatability/reproducibility coefficients (RPCs), and paired sample t-tests. Precision was compared across acquisitions and fitting methods. RESULTS High repeatability and reproducibility was observed in the estimations of the diffusion coefficient (Dtri = [1.03 ± 0.11] × 10-3 mm2 /s; RPCs ≤ 1.34 × 10-4 mm2 /s), perfusion fractions (F1 = 3.19 ± 1.89% and F2 = 16.4 ± 2.07%; RPCs ≤ 2.51%), and blood velocity SDs (Vb,1 = 1.44 ± 0.14 mm/s and Vb,2 = 3.62 ± 0.13 mm/s; RPCs ≤ 0.41 mm/s) in the right liver lobe using the 2D (b-M1 ) acquisition in conjunction with BVD fitting. Using these methods, significantly larger (p < 0.01) estimates of Dtri and F1 were observed in the left lobe in comparison to the right lobe, while estimates of Vb,1 and Vb,2 demonstrated high interlobar agreement (RPCs ≤ 0.45 mm/s). CONCLUSIONS The 2D (b-M1 ) IVIM-DWI data acquisition in conjunction with BVD fitting enables highly precise tri-exponential IVIM quantification in the right liver lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Simchick
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Diego Hernando
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Jia H, Xia B, Zang C, Liu Y, Qian L, Dong J. IVIM-DWI and MRI-based radiomics in cervical cancer: Prediction of concurrent chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in combination with clinical prognostic factors. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 91:37-44. [PMID: 35568271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the feasibility and value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics combined with clinical prognostic factors (CPF) in predicting concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) sensitivity of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). METHODS A retrospective analysis of 163 patients (assigned to training or test groups) who underwent conventional MRI and IVIM-DWI before CCRT were divided into sensitive and resistant groups according to their efficacy at 6 months after CCRT. Per-treatment IVIM-DWI parameters (ADC, D, D⁎ and f value), 3D texture features (from axial T2WI) and CPF were measured, analyzed and screened. The prediction model and its nomogram were developed by combining screened parameters and then validated internally and externally. RESULTS Clinical stage, f value, D value, InverseVariance, SizeZoneNonUniformity, and Minimum were selected to construct prediction model. All parameters except D value showed independent diagnostic value in multivariate Logistic regression analysis and composed prediction model, with AUCs of 0.987 and 0.984 for training and test groups, respectively. The calibration curve (Brier score of 0.042, C-index of 0.987), decision curve and clinical impact curve further demonstrated the reliability and clinical value of prediction model. CONCLUSION IVIM-DWI, MRI-based radiomics and CPF showed high clinical value in predicting CCRT sensitivity for LACC with better predictive performance when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Haodong Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Department of Radiology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Bairong Xia
- Department of Radiology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Chunbao Zang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yunqin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Liting Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Jiangning Dong
- Department of Radiology, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, 107 Huanhu East Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
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11
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Someya Y, Iima M, Imai H, Yoshizawa A, Kataoka M, Isoda H, Le Bihan D, Nakamoto Y. Investigation of breast cancer microstructure and microvasculature from time-dependent DWI and CEST in correlation with histological biomarkers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6523. [PMID: 35444193 PMCID: PMC9021220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of time-dependent DWI, non-Gaussian DWI, and CEST parameters with histological biomarkers in a breast cancer xenograft model. 22 xenograft mice (7 MCF-7 and 15 MDA-MB-231) were scanned at 4 diffusion times [Td = 2.5/5 ms with 11 b-values (0–600 s/mm2) and Td = 9/27.6 ms with 17 b-values (0–3000 s/mm2), respectively]. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was estimated using 2 b-values in different combinations (ADC0–600 using b = 0 and 600 s/mm2 and shifted ADC [sADC200–1500] using b = 200 and 1500 s/mm2) at each of those diffusion times. Then the change (Δ) in ADC/sADC between diffusion times was evaluated. Non-Gaussian diffusion and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters (ADC0, the virtual ADC at b = 0; K, Kurtosis from non-Gaussian diffusion; f, the IVIM perfusion fraction) were estimated. CEST images were acquired and the amide proton transfer signal intensity (APT SI) were measured. The ΔsADC9–27.6 (between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{sADC}}_{{9\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$\end{document}sADC9ms200-1500 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{sADC}}_{{27.6\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$\end{document}sADC27.6ms200-1500 and ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 (between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{ADC}}_{{2.5\, {\text{ms}}}}^{0{-}600}$$\end{document}ADC2.5ms0-600 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{sADC}}_{{27.6\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$\end{document}sADC27.6ms200-1500) was significantly larger for MCF-7 groups, and ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 was positively correlated with Ki67max and APT SI. ADC0 decreased significantly in MDA-MB-231 group and K increased significantly with Td in MCF-7 group. APT SI and cellular area had a moderately strong positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumors combined, and there was a positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 tumors. There was a significant negative correlation between APT SI and the Ki-67-positive ratio in MDA-MB-231 tumors and when combined with MCF-7 tumors. The associations of ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 and API SI with Ki-67 parameters indicate that the Td-dependent DW and CEST parameters are useful to predict the histological markers of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Someya
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Isoda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin/Joliot, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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12
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A Combination Analysis of IVIM-DWI Biomarkers and T2WI-Based Texture Features for Tumor Differentiation Grade of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:2837905. [PMID: 35360261 PMCID: PMC8947887 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2837905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and texture analysis on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for evaluating pathological differentiation of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Method This retrospective study included a total of 138 patients with pathologically confirmed poor/moderate/well-differentiated (71/49/18) who underwent conventional MRI and IVIM-DWI scans. The values of ADC, D, D∗, and f and 58 T2WI-based texture features (18 histogram features, 24 gray-level co-occurrence matrix features, and 16 gray-level run length matrix features) were obtained. Multiple comparison, correlation, and regression analyses were used. Results For IVIM-DWI, the ADC, D, D∗, and f were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05). ADC, D, and D∗ were positively correlated with pathological differentiation (r = 0.262, 0.401, 0.401; p < 0.05), while the correlation was negative for f (r = −0.221; p < 0.05). The comparison of 52 parameters of texture analysis on T2WI reached statistically significant levels (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis incorporated significant IVIM-DWI, and texture features on T2WI showed good diagnostic performance both in the four differentiation groups (poorly vs. moderately, area under the curve(AUC) = 0.797; moderately vs. well, AUC = 0.954; poorly vs. moderately and well, AUC = 0.795; and well vs. moderately and poorly, AUC = 0.952). The AUCs of each parameters alone were smaller than that of each regression model (0.503∼0.684, 0.547∼0.805, 0.511∼0.712, and 0.636∼0.792, respectively; pairwise comparison of ROC curves between regression model and individual variables, p < 0.05). Conclusions IVIM-DWI biomarkers and T2WI-based texture features had potential to evaluate the pathological differentiation of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of IVIM-DWI with texture analysis improved the predictive performance.
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13
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Simchick G, Geng R, Zhang Y, Hernando D. b value and first-order motion moment optimized data acquisition for repeatable quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion DWI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2724-2740. [PMID: 35092092 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design a b value and first-order motion moment (M1 ) optimized data acquisition for repeatable intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) quantification in the liver. METHODS Cramer-Rao lower bound optimization was performed to determine optimal monopolar and optimal 2D samplings of the b-M1 space based on noise performance. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the bias and variability in estimates obtained using the proposed optimal samplings and conventional monopolar sampling. Diffusion MRI of the liver was performed in 10 volunteers using 3 IVIM acquisitions: conventional monopolar, optimized monopolar, and b-M1 -optimized gradient waveforms (designed based on the optimal 2D sampling). IVIM parameter maps of diffusion coefficient, perfusion fraction, and blood velocity SD were obtained using nonlinear least squares fitting. Noise performance (SDs), stability (outlier percentage), and test-retest or scan-rescan repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients) were evaluated and compared across acquisitions. RESULTS Cramer-Rao lower bound and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated improved noise performance of the optimal 2D sampling in comparison to monopolar samplings. Evaluating the designed b-M1 -optimized waveforms in healthy volunteers, significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the SDs and outlier percentages were observed for measurements of diffusion coefficient, perfusion fraction, and blood velocity SD in comparison to measurements obtained using monopolar samplings. Good-to-excellent repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.77) was observed for all 3 parameters in both the right and left liver lobes using the b-M1 -optimized waveforms. CONCLUSIONS 2D b-M1 -optimized data acquisition enables repeatable IVIM quantification with improved noise performance. 2D acquisitions may advance the establishment of IVIM quantitative biomarkers for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Simchick
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruiqi Geng
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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Wang DJJ, Le Bihan D, Krishnamurthy R, Smith M, Ho ML. Noncontrast Pediatric Brain Perfusion: Arterial Spin Labeling and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:493-513. [PMID: 34717841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging techniques for measuring brain perfusion include arterial spin labeling (ASL) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). These techniques provide noninvasive and repeatable assessment of cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood volume without the need for intravenous contrast. This article discusses the technical aspects of ASL and IVIM with a focus on normal physiologic variations, technical parameters, and artifacts. Multiple pediatric clinical applications are presented, including tumors, stroke, vasculopathy, vascular malformations, epilepsy, migraine, trauma, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J J Wang
- USC Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, SHN, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Ram Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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15
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Führes T, Riexinger AJ, Loh M, Martin J, Wetscherek A, Kuder TA, Uder M, Hensel B, Laun FB. Echo time dependence of biexponential and triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion parameters in the liver. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:859-871. [PMID: 34453445 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) studies are performed with different acquisition protocols. Comparing them requires knowledge of echo time (TE) dependencies. The TE-dependence of the biexponential perfusion fraction f is well-documented, unlike that of its triexponential counterparts f1 and f2 and the biexponential and triexponential pseudodiffusion coefficients D* , D 1 ∗ , and D 2 ∗ . The purpose was to investigate the TE-dependence of these parameters and to check whether the triexponential pseudodiffusion compartments are associated with arterial and venous blood. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers (19-58 y; mean: 24.7 y) underwent diffusion-weighted imaging of the abdomen with 24 b-values (0.2-800 s/mm2 ) at TEs of 45, 60, 75, and 90 ms. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn in the liver. One set of bi- and triexponential IVIM parameters per volunteer and TE was determined. The TE-dependence was assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS TE-dependence was observed for f (P < .001), f1 (P = .001), and f2 (P < .001). Their median values at the four measured TEs were: f: 0.198/0.240/0.274/0.359, f1 : 0.113/0.139/0.146/0.205, f2 : 0.115/0.155/0.182/0.194. D, D* , D 1 ∗ , and D 2 ∗ showed no significant TE-dependence. Their values were: diffusion coefficient D (10-4 mm2 /s): 9.45/9.63/9.75/9.41, biexponential D* (10-2 mm2 /s): 5.26/5.52/6.13/5.82, triexponential D 1 ∗ (10-2 mm2 /s): 1.73/2.91/2.25/2.51, triexponential D 2 ∗ (mm2 /s): 0.478/1.385/0.616/0.846. CONCLUSION f1 and f2 show similar TE-dependence as f, ie, increase with rising TE; an effect that must be accounted for when comparing different studies. The diffusion and pseudodiffusion coefficients might be compared without TE correction. Because of the similar TE-dependence of f1 and f2 , the triexponential pseudodiffusion compartments are most probably not associated to venous and arterial blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit Führes
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Julian Riexinger
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Loh
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Englund EK, Reiter DA, Shahidi B, Sigmund EE. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Skeletal Muscle: Review and Future Directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:988-1012. [PMID: 34390617 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the body, muscle structure and function can be interrogated using a variety of noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Recently, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has gained momentum as a method to evaluate components of blood flow and tissue diffusion simultaneously. Much of the prior research has focused on highly vascularized organs, including the brain, kidney, and liver. Unique aspects of skeletal muscle, including the relatively low perfusion at rest and large dynamic range of perfusion between resting and maximal hyperemic states, may influence the acquisition, postprocessing, and interpretation of IVIM data. Here, we introduce several of those unique features of skeletal muscle; review existing studies of IVIM in skeletal muscle at rest, in response to exercise, and in disease states; and consider possible confounds that should be addressed for muscle-specific evaluations. Most studies used segmented nonlinear least squares fitting with a b-value threshold of 200 sec/mm2 to obtain IVIM parameters of perfusion fraction (f), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and diffusion coefficient (D). In healthy individuals, across all muscles, the average ± standard deviation of D was 1.46 ± 0.30 × 10-3 mm2 /sec, D* was 29.7 ± 38.1 × 10-3 mm2 /sec, and f was 11.1 ± 6.7%. Comparisons of reported IVIM parameters in muscles of the back, thigh, and leg of healthy individuals showed no significant difference between anatomic locations. Throughout the body, exercise elicited a positive change of all IVIM parameters. Future directions including advanced postprocessing models and potential sequence modifications are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Englund
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Reiter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bahar Shahidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric E Sigmund
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Bernard and Irene Schwarz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Scott LA, Dickie BR, Rawson SD, Coutts G, Burnett TL, Allan SM, Parker GJ, Parkes LM. Characterisation of microvessel blood velocity and segment length in the brain using multi-diffusion-time diffusion-weighted MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1939-1953. [PMID: 33325766 PMCID: PMC8323340 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20978523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multi-diffusion-time diffusion-weighted MRI can probe tissue microstructure, but the method has not been widely applied to the microvasculature. At long diffusion-times, blood flow in capillaries is in the diffusive regime, and signal attenuation is dependent on blood velocity (v) and capillary segment length (l). It is described by the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*=vl/6) of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). At shorter diffusion-times, blood flow is in the ballistic regime, and signal attenuation depends on v, and not l. In theory, l could be estimated using D* and v. In this study, we compare the accuracy and repeatability of three approaches to estimating v, and therefore l: the IVIM ballistic model, the velocity autocorrelation model, and the ballistic approximation to the velocity autocorrelation model. Twenty-nine rat datasets from two strains were acquired at 7 T, with b-values between 0 and 1000 smm-2 and diffusion times between 11.6 and 50 ms. Five rats were scanned twice to assess scan-rescan repeatability. Measurements of l were validated using corrosion casting and micro-CT imaging. The ballistic approximation of the velocity autocorrelation model had lowest bias relative to corrosion cast estimates of l, and had highest repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Scott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ben R Dickie
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shelley D Rawson
- The Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Graham Coutts
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy L Burnett
- The Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Geoff Jm Parker
- The Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Bioxydyn Limited, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Van VP, Schmid F, Spinner G, Kozerke S, Federau C. Simulation of intravoxel incoherent perfusion signal using a realistic capillary network of a mouse brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4528. [PMID: 33904210 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To simulate the intravoxel incoherent perfusion magnetic resonance magnitude signal from the motion of blood particles in three realistic vascular network graphs from a mouse brain. METHODS In three networks generated from the cortex of a mouse scanned by two-photon laser microscopy, blood flow in each vessel was simulated using Poiseuille's law. The trajectories, flow speeds and phases acquired by a fixed number of simulated blood particles during a Stejskal-Tanner bipolar pulse gradient scheme were computed. The resulting magnitude signal was obtained by integrating all phases and the pseudo-diffusion coefficient D* was estimated by fitting an exponential signal decay. To better understand the anatomical source of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion signal, the above was repeated restricting the simulation to various types of vessel. RESULTS The characteristics of the three microvascular networks were respectively vessel lengths (mean ± std. dev.) 67.2 ± 53.6 μm, 59.8 ± 46.2 μm and 64.5 ± 50.9 μm, diameters 6.0 ± 3.5 μm, 5.7 ± 3.6 μm and 6.1 ± 3.7 μm and simulated blood velocity 0.9 ± 1.7 μm/ms, 1.4 ± 2.5 μm/ms and 0.7 ± 2.1 μm/ms. Exponential fitting of the simulated signal decay as a function of b-value resulted in the following D*-values [10-3 mm2 /s]: 31.7, 40.4 and 33.4. The signal decay for low b-values was the largest in the larger vessels, but the smaller vessels and the capillaries accounted for more of the total volume of the networks. CONCLUSION This simulation improves the theoretical understanding of the IVIM perfusion estimation method by directly linking the MR IVIM perfusion signal to an ultra-high resolution measurement of the microvascular network and a realistic blood flow simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franca Schmid
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Spinner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Federau
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- AI Medical AG, Zollikon, Zürich
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19
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Callewaert B, Jones EAV, Himmelreich U, Gsell W. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Cerebral Microvasculature Using Pre-Clinical MRI: Principles, Advantages and Limitations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060926. [PMID: 34064194 PMCID: PMC8224283 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the cerebral microcirculation have been recognized to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact role of the microvascular alterations in the pathophysiological mechanisms often remains poorly understood. The early detection of changes in microcirculation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be used to get a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. This could be an important step towards the development of new treatment approaches. Animal models allow for the study of the disease mechanism at several stages of development, before the onset of clinical symptoms, and the verification with invasive imaging techniques. Specifically, pre-clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development and validation of MRI sequences under clinically relevant conditions. This article reviews MRI strategies providing indirect non-invasive measurements of microvascular changes in the rodent brain that can be used for early detection and characterization of neurodegenerative disorders. The perfusion MRI techniques: Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced (DSC) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), will be discussed, followed by less established imaging strategies used to analyze the cerebral microcirculation: Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Vascular Space Occupancy (VASO), Steady-State Susceptibility Contrast (SSC), Vessel size imaging, SAGE-based DSC, Phase Contrast Flow (PC) Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and quantitative Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (qBOLD). We will emphasize the advantages and limitations of each strategy, in particular on applications for high-field MRI in the rodent's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Callewaert
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
- CMVB, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- CMVB, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
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Chevallier O, Wáng YXJ, Guillen K, Pellegrinelli J, Cercueil JP, Loffroy R. Evidence of Tri-Exponential Decay for Liver Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI: A Review of Published Results and Limitations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020379. [PMID: 33672277 PMCID: PMC7926368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) have been explored to assess liver tumors and diffused liver diseases. IVIM reflects the microscopic translational motions that occur in voxels in magnetic resonance (MR) DWI. In biologic tissues, molecular diffusion of water and microcirculation of blood in the capillary network can be assessed using IVIM DWI. The most commonly applied model to describe the DWI signal is a bi-exponential model, with a slow compartment of diffusion linked to pure molecular diffusion (represented by the coefficient Dslow), and a fast compartment of diffusion, related to microperfusion (represented by the coefficient Dfast). However, high variance in Dfast estimates has been consistently shown in literature for liver IVIM, restricting its application in clinical practice. This variation could be explained by the presence of another very fast compartment of diffusion in the liver. Therefore, a tri-exponential model would be more suitable to describe the DWI signal. This article reviews the published evidence of the existence of this additional very fast diffusion compartment and discusses the performance and limitations of the tri-exponential model for liver IVIM in current clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Chevallier
- Image-Guided Therapy Center, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand University Hospital, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; (O.C.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (J.-P.C.)
| | - Yì Xiáng J. Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kévin Guillen
- Image-Guided Therapy Center, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand University Hospital, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; (O.C.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (J.-P.C.)
| | - Julie Pellegrinelli
- Image-Guided Therapy Center, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand University Hospital, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; (O.C.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (J.-P.C.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Cercueil
- Image-Guided Therapy Center, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand University Hospital, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; (O.C.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (J.-P.C.)
| | - Romaric Loffroy
- Image-Guided Therapy Center, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand University Hospital, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; (O.C.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (J.-P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-380-293-677
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Riexinger A, Martin J, Wetscherek A, Kuder TA, Uder M, Hensel B, Laun FB. An optimized b-value distribution for triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the liver. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2095-2108. [PMID: 33201549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To find an optimized b-value distribution for reproducible triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) exams in the liver. METHODS A numeric optimization of b-value distributions was performed using the triexponential IVIM equation and 27 different IVIM parameter sets. Starting with an initially optimized distribution of 6 b-values, the number of b-values was increased stepwise. Each new b-value was chosen from a set of 64 predefined b-values based on the computed summed relative mean error of the fitted triexponential IVIM parameters. This process was repeated for up to 100 b-values. In simulations and in vivo measurements, optimized b-value distributions were compared to 4 representative distributions found in literature. RESULTS The first 16 optimized b-values were 0, 0.3, 0.3, 70, 200, 800, 70, 1, 3.5, 5, 70, 1.2, 6, 45, 1.5, and 60 in units of s/mm2 . Low b-values were much more frequent than high b-values. The optimized b-value distribution resulted in a higher fit stability compared to distributions used in literature in both, simulation and in vivo measurements. Using more than 6 b-values, ideally 16 or more, increased the fit stability considerably. CONCLUSION Using optimized b-values, the fit uncertainty in triexponential IVIM can be largely reduced. Ideally, 16 or more b-values should be acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Riexinger
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Martin
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Jiang L, Sun T, Liao Y, Sun Y, Qian Z, Zhang Y, Wu D. Probing the ballistic microcirculation in placenta using flow-compensated and non-compensated intravoxel incoherent motion imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:404-412. [PMID: 32720386 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging is widely used to evaluate microcirculatory flow, which consists of diffusive and ballistic flow components. We proposed a joint use of flow-compensated (FC) and non-compensated (NC) diffusion gradients to probe the fraction and velocity of ballistic flow in the placenta. METHODS Forty pregnant women were included in this study and scanned on a 1.5T clinical scanner. FC and NC diffusion MRI (dMRI) sequences were achieved using a pair of identical or mirrored bipolar gradients. A joint FC-NC model was established to estimate the fraction (fb ) and velocity (vb ) of the ballistic flow. Conventional IVIM parameters (f, D, and D*) were obtained from the FC and NC data, separately. The vb and f·D*, as placental flow velocity measurements, were correlated with the umbilical-artery Doppler ultrasound indices and gestational ages. RESULTS The ballistic flow component can be observed from the difference between the FC and NC dMRI signal decay curves. vb fitted from the FC-NC model showed strong correlations with umbilical-artery impedance indices, the systolic-to-diastolic (SD) ratio and pulsatility index (PI), with correlation coefficients of 0.65 and 0.62. The f·D* estimated from the NC data positively correlated with SD and PI, while the FC-based f·D* values showed weak negative correlations. Significant gestational-age dependence was also found in the flow velocity measurements. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using FC and NC dMRI to noninvasively measure ballistic flow velocity in the placenta, which may be used as a new marker to evaluate placenta microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Liao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Department of Radiology, Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Mussi TC, Baroni RH, Zagoria RJ, Westphalen AC. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging technique. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:2109-2119. [PMID: 31701190 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the prostate is an excellent tool to detect clinically significant prostate cancer, and it has widely been incorporated into clinical practice due to its excellent tissue contrast and image resolution. The aims of this article are to describe the prostate MR imaging technique for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer according to PI-RADS v2.1, as well as alternative sequences and basic aspects of patient preparation and MR imaging artifact avoidance.
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24
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Fujiwara S, Mori Y, de la Mora DM, Akamatsu Y, Yoshida K, Shibata Y, Masuda T, Ogasawara K, Yoshioka Y. Feasibility of IVIM parameters from diffusion-weighted imaging at 11.7T MRI for detecting ischemic changes in common carotid artery occlusion rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8404. [PMID: 32439877 PMCID: PMC7242437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters can identify ischemic changes in the rat cerebral cortex using a preclinical ultra-high-field 11.7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (11.7TMRI) scanner. In nine female Wistar rats (eight weeks old), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for IVIM analysis was successfully performed before (Pre) and after unilateral (UCCAO) and bilateral (BCCAO) common carotid artery occlusion. From the acquired DWI signals averaged in six regions of interest (ROI) placed on the cortex, volume fraction of perfusion compartment (F), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), F × D* and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were determined as IVIM parameters in the following three DWI signal models: the bi-exponential, kurtosis, and tri-exponential model. For a subgroup analysis, four rats that survived two weeks after BCCAO were assigned to the long survival (LS) group, whereas the non-LS group consisted of the remaining five animals. Each IVIM parameter change among three phases (Pre, UCCAO and BCCAO) was statistically examined in each ROI. Then, the change in each rat group was also examined for subgroup analysis. All three models were able to identify cerebral ischemic change and damage as IVIM parameter change among three phases. Furthermore, the kurtosis model could identify the parameter changes in more regions than the other two models. In the subgroup analysis with the kurtosis model, ADC in non-LS group significantly decreased between UCCAO and BCCAO but not in LS group. IVIM parameters at 11.7TMRI may help us to detect the subtle ischemic change; in particular, with the kurtosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunrou Fujiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontier Science, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yuji Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), NICT and Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Lévy S, Rapacchi S, Massire A, Troalen T, Feiweier T, Guye M, Callot V. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion at 7 Tesla to quantify human spinal cord perfusion: limitations and promises. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1198-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lévy
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM Marseille France
- APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM Marseille France
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, IFSTTAR, LBA Marseille France
- iLab‐Spine International Associated Laboratory Marseille‐Montreal France‐Canada
| | - Stanislas Rapacchi
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM Marseille France
- APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM Marseille France
| | - Aurélien Massire
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM Marseille France
- APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM Marseille France
- iLab‐Spine International Associated Laboratory Marseille‐Montreal France‐Canada
| | | | | | - Maxime Guye
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM Marseille France
- APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM Marseille France
| | - Virginie Callot
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM Marseille France
- APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM Marseille France
- iLab‐Spine International Associated Laboratory Marseille‐Montreal France‐Canada
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26
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Effect of intravoxel incoherent motion on diffusion parameters in normal brain. Neuroimage 2019; 204:116228. [PMID: 31580945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At very low diffusion weighting the diffusion MRI signal is affected by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) caused by dephasing of magnetization due to incoherent blood flow in capillaries or other sources of microcirculation. While IVIM measurements at low diffusion weightings have been frequently used to investigate perfusion in the body as well as in malignant tissue, the effect and origin of IVIM in normal brain tissue is not completely established. We investigated the IVIM effect on the brain diffusion MRI signal in a cohort of 137 radiologically-normal patients (62 male; mean age = 50.2 ± 17.8, range = 18 to 94). We compared the diffusion tensor parameters estimated from a mono-exponential fit at b = 0 and 1000 s/mm2 versus at b = 250 and 1000 s/mm2. The asymptotic fitting method allowed for quantitative assessment of the IVIM signal fraction f* in specific brain tissue and regions. Our results show a mean (median) percent difference in the mean diffusivity of about 4.5 (4.9)% in white matter (WM), about 7.8 (8.7)% in cortical gray matter (GM), and 4.3 (4.2)% in thalamus. Corresponding perfusion fraction f* was estimated to be 0.033 (0.032) in WM, 0.066 (0.065) in cortical GM, and 0.033 (0.030) in the thalamus. The effect of f* with respect to age was found to be significant in cortical GM (Pearson correlation ρ = 0.35, p = 3*10-5) and the thalamus (Pearson correlation ρ = 0.20, p = 0.022) with an average increase in f* of 5.17*10-4/year and 3.61*10-4/year, respectively. Significant correlations between f* and age were not observed for WM, and corollary analysis revealed no effect of gender on f*. Possible origins of the IVIM effect in normal brain tissue are discussed.
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Wong SM, Backes WH, Drenthen GS, Zhang CE, Voorter PHM, Staals J, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Jansen JFA. Spectral Diffusion Analysis of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1170-1180. [PMID: 31486211 PMCID: PMC7078988 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging assumes two components. However, more compartments are likely present in pathologic tissue. We hypothesized that spectral analysis using a nonnegative least‐squares (NNLS) approach can detect an additional, intermediate diffusion component, distinct from the parenchymal and microvascular components, in lesion‐prone regions. Purpose To investigate the presence of this intermediate diffusion component and its relation with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD)‐related lesions. Study Type Prospective cross‐sectional study. Population Patients with cSVD (n = 69, median age 69.8) and controls (n = 39, median age 68.9). Field Strength/Sequence Whole‐brain inversion recovery IVIM acquisition at 3.0T. Assessment Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) were rated by three raters. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) were identified on a fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image using a semiautomated algorithm. Statistical Tests Relations between IVIM measures and cSVD‐related lesions were studied using the Spearman's rank order correlation. Results NNLS yielded diffusion spectra from which the intermediate volume fraction fint was apparent between parenchymal diffusion and microvasular pseudodiffusion. WMH volume and the extent of MRI‐visible enlarged PVS in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO) were correlated with fint in the WMHs, BG, and CSO, respectively. fint was 4.2 ± 1.7%, 7.0 ± 4.1% and 13.6 ± 7.7% in BG and 3.9 ± 1.3%, 4.4 ± 1.4% and 4.5 ± 1.2% in CSO for the groups with low, moderate, and high number of enlarged PVS, respectively, and increased with the extent of enlarged PVS (BG: r = 0.49, P < 0.01; CSO: r = 0.23, P = 0.02). fint in the WMHs was 27.1 ± 13.1%, and increased with the WMH volume (r = 0.57, P < 0.01). Data Conclusion We revealed the presence of an intermediate diffusion component in lesion‐prone regions of cSVD and demonstrated its relation with enlarged PVS and WMHs. In tissue with these lesions, tissue degeneration or perivascular edema can lead to more freely diffusing interstitial fluid contributing to fint. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1170–1180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau May Wong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard S Drenthen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C Eleana Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Paulien H M Voorter
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Metcalfe-Smith E, Meeus EM, Novak J, Dehghani H, Peet AC, Zarinabad N. Auto-Regressive Discrete Acquisition Points Transformation for Diffusion Weighted MRI Data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2617-2628. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2893523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhu G, Heit JJ, Martin BW, Marcellus DG, Federau C, Wintermark M. Optimized Combination of b‑values for IVIM Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 30:535-544. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Wu D, Zhang J. Evidence of the diffusion time dependence of intravoxel incoherent motion in the brain. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:2225-2235. [PMID: 31267578 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the diffusion time (TD ) dependence of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) signals in the brain. METHODS A 3-compartment IVIM model was proposed to characterize 2 types of microcirculatory flows in addition to tissue water in the brain: flows that cross multiple vascular segments (pseudo-diffusive) and flows that stay in 1 segment (ballistic) within TD . The model was first evaluated using simulated flow signals. Experimentally, flow-compensated (FC) pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) and oscillating-gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequences were tested using a flow phantom and then used to examine IVIM signals in the mouse brain with TD ranging from ~2.5 ms to 40 ms on an 11.7T scanner. RESULTS By fitting the model to simulated flow signals, we demonstrated the TD dependency of the estimated fraction of pseudo-diffusive flow and the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), which were dictated by the characteristic timescale of microcirculatory flow (τ). Flow phantom experiments validated that the OGSE and FC-PGSE sequences were not susceptible to the change in flow velocity. In vivo mouse brain data showed that both the estimated fraction of pseudo-diffusive flow and D* increased significantly as TD increased. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that IVIM signals measured in the brain are TD -dependent, potentially because more microcirculatory flows approach the pseudo-diffusive limit as TD increases with respect to τ. Measuring the TD dependency of IVIM signals may provide additional information on microvascular flows in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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31
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Ginsburger K, Matuschke F, Poupon F, Mangin JF, Axer M, Poupon C. MEDUSA: A GPU-based tool to create realistic phantoms of the brain microstructure using tiny spheres. Neuroimage 2019; 193:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Riexinger AJ, Martin J, Rauh S, Wetscherek A, Pistel M, Kuder TA, Nagel AM, Uder M, Hensel B, Müller L, Laun FB. On the Field Strength Dependence of Bi- and Triexponential Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) Parameters in the Liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1883-1892. [PMID: 30941806 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging are carried out with different acquisition protocols. PURPOSE To investigate the dependence of IVIM parameters on the B0 field strength when using a bi- or triexponential model. STUDY TYPE Prospective. STUDY POPULATION 20 healthy volunteers (age: 19-28 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Volunteers were examined at two field strengths (1.5 and 3T). Diffusion-weighted images of the abdomen were acquired at 24 b-values ranging from 0.2 to 500 s/mm2 . ASSESSMENT ROIs were manually drawn in the liver. Data were fitted with a bi- and a triexponential IVIM model. The resulting parameters were compared between both field strengths. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to test the obtained IVIM parameters for a significant field strength dependency. RESULTS At b-values below 6 s/mm2 , the triexponential model provided better agreement with the data than the biexponential model. The average tissue diffusivity was D = 1.22/1.00 μm2 /msec at 1.5/3T. The average pseudodiffusion coefficients for the biexponential model were D* = 308/260 μm2 /msec at 1.5/3T; and for the triexponential model D 1 * = 81.3/65.9 μm2 /msec, D 2 * = 2453/2333 μm2 /msec at 1.5/3T. The average perfusion fractions for the biexponential model were f = 0.286/0.303 at 1.5/3T; and for the triexponential model f1 = 0.161/0.174 and f2 = 0.152/0.159 at 1.5/3T. A significant B0 dependence was only found for the biexponential pseudodiffusion coefficient (ANOVA/KW P = 0.037/0.0453) and tissue diffusivity (ANOVA/KW: P < 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION Our experimental results suggest that triexponential pseudodiffusion coefficients and perfusion fractions obtained at different field strengths could be compared across different studies using different B0 . However, it is recommended to take the field strength into account when comparing tissue diffusivities or using the biexponential IVIM model. Considering published values for oxygenation-dependent transversal relaxation times of blood, it is unlikely that the two blood compartments of the triexponential model represent venous and arterial blood. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1883-1892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Julian Riexinger
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Martin
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rauh
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mona Pistel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin Michael Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Müller
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Isotropically weighted intravoxel incoherent motion brain imaging at 7T. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 57:124-132. [PMID: 30472300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising non-invasive technique providing insights regarding the brain's microvascular architecture in vivo. The scalar perfusion metrics can be used for quantitative diagnostics of various brain abnormalities, in particular, in the stroke cases and tumours. However, conventional MRI-based perfusion approaches such as dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging or arterial spin labelling have a few weaknesses, for instance, contrast agent deposition, low signal-to-noise ratio, limited temporal and spatial resolution, and specific absorption rate constraints. As an alternative, the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) approach exploits an extension of diffusion MRI in order to estimate perfusion parameters in the human brain. Application of IVIM imaging at ultra-high field MRI might employ the advantage of a higher signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby the use of higher spatial and temporal resolutions. In the present work, we demonstrate an application of recently developed isotropic diffusion weighted sequences to the evaluation of IVIM parameters at an ultra-high 7T field. The used sequence exhibits high immunity to image degrading factors and allows one to acquire the data in a fast and efficient way. Utilising the bi-exponential fitting model of the signal attenuation, we performed an extensive analysis of the IVIM scalar metrics obtained by a isotropic diffusion weighted sequence in vivo and compared results with a conventional pulsed gradient sequence at 7T. In order to evaluate a possible metric bias originating from blood flows, we additionally used a truncated b-value protocol (b-values from 100 to 200 s/mm2 with the step 20 s/mm2) accompanied to the full range (b-values from 0 to 200 s/mm2). The IVIM scalar metrics have been assessed and analysed together with a large and middle vessel density atlas of the human brain. We found that the diffusion coefficients and perfusion fractions of the voxels consisting of large and middle vessels have higher values in contrast to other tissues. Additionally, we did not find a strong dependence of the IVIM metrics on the density values of the vessel atlas. Perspectives and limitations of the developed isotropic diffusion weighted perfusion are presented and discussed.
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De Luca A, Leemans A, Bertoldo A, Arrigoni F, Froeling M. A robust deconvolution method to disentangle multiple water pools in diffusion MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3965. [PMID: 30052293 PMCID: PMC6221109 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) signal measured in vivo arises from multiple diffusion domains, including hindered and restricted water pools, free water and blood pseudo-diffusion. Not accounting for the correct number of components can bias metrics obtained from model fitting because of partial volume effects that are present in, for instance, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Approaches that aim to overcome this shortcoming generally make assumptions about the number of considered components, which are not likely to hold for all voxels. The spectral analysis of the dMRI signal has been proposed to relax assumptions on the number of components. However, it currently requires a clinically challenging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and accounts only for two diffusion processes defined by hard thresholds. In this work, we developed a method to automatically identify the number of components in the spectral analysis, and enforced its robustness to noise, including outlier rejection and a data-driven regularization term. Furthermore, we showed how this method can be used to take into account partial volume effects in DTI and DKI fitting. The proof of concept and performance of the method were evaluated through numerical simulations and in vivo MRI data acquired at 3 T. With simulations our method reliably decomposed three diffusion components from SNR = 30. Biases in metrics derived from DTI and DKI were considerably reduced when components beyond hindered diffusion were taken into account. With the in vivo data our method determined three macro-compartments, which were consistent with hindered diffusion, free water and pseudo-diffusion. Taking free water and pseudo-diffusion into account in DKI resulted in lower mean diffusivity and higher fractional anisotropy values in both gray and white matter. In conclusion, the proposed method allows one to determine co-existing diffusion compartments without prior assumptions on their number, and to account for undesired signal contaminations within clinically achievable SNR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto De Luca
- PROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences InstituteUMC Utrecht and Utrecht Universitythe Netherlands
| | - Alexander Leemans
- PROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences InstituteUMC Utrecht and Utrecht Universitythe Netherlands
| | | | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging LabScientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio MedeaBosisio PariniItaly
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Radiology DepartmentUMC Utrecht and Utrecht Universitythe Netherlands
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Kazerooni AF, Nabil M, Zadeh MZ, Firouznia K, Azmoudeh-Ardalan F, Frangi AF, Davatzikos C, Rad HS. Characterization of active and infiltrative tumorous subregions from normal tissue in brain gliomas using multiparametric MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:938-950. [PMID: 29412496 PMCID: PMC6081259 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted localized biopsies and treatments for diffuse gliomas rely on accurate identification of tissue subregions, for which current MRI techniques lack specificity. PURPOSE To explore the complementary and competitive roles of a variety of conventional and quantitative MRI methods for distinguishing subregions of brain gliomas. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Fifty-one tissue specimens were collected using image-guided localized biopsy surgery from 10 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Conventional and quantitative MR images consisting of pre- and postcontrast T1 w, T2 w, T2 -FLAIR, T2 -relaxometry, DWI, DTI, IVIM, and DSC-MRI were acquired preoperatively at 3T. ASSESSMENT Biopsy specimens were histopathologically attributed to glioma tissue subregion categories of active tumor (AT), infiltrative edema (IE), and normal tissue (NT) subregions. For each tissue sample, a feature vector comprising 15 MRI-based parameters was derived from preoperative images and assessed by a machine learning algorithm to determine the best multiparametric feature combination for characterizing the tissue subregions. STATISTICAL TESTS For discrimination of AT, IE, and NT subregions, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and for pairwise tissue subregion differentiation, Tukey honest significant difference, and Games-Howell tests were applied (P < 0.05). Cross-validated feature selection and classification methods were implemented for identification of accurate multiparametric MRI parameter combination. RESULTS After exclusion of 17 tissue specimens, 34 samples (AT = 6, IE = 20, and NT = 8) were considered for analysis. Highest accuracies and statistically significant differences for discrimination of IE from NT and AT from NT were observed for diffusion-based parameters (AUCs >90%), and the perfusion-derived parameter as the most accurate feature in distinguishing IE from AT. A combination of "CBV, MD, T2 _ISO, FLAIR" parameters showed high diagnostic performance for identification of the three subregions (AUC ∼90%). DATA CONCLUSION Integration of a few quantitative along with conventional MRI parameters may provide a potential multiparametric imaging biomarker for predicting the histopathologically proven glioma tissue subregions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:938-950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nabil
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zeinali Zadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kavous Firouznia
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alejandro F. Frangi
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Paschoal AM, Leoni RF, Dos Santos AC, Paiva FF. Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:705-714. [PMID: 30221622 PMCID: PMC6141267 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) is a recently rediscovered noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method based on diffusion-weighted imaging. It enables the separation of the intravoxel signal into diffusion due to Brownian motion and perfusion-related contributions and provides important information on microperfusion in the tissue and therefore it is a promising tool for applications in neurological and neurovascular diseases. This review focuses on the basic principles and outputs of IVIM and details it major applications in the brain, such as stroke, tumor, and cerebral small vessel disease. A bi-exponential model that considers two different compartments, namely capillaries, and medium-sized vessels, has been frequently used for the description of the IVIM signal and may be important in those clinical applications cited before. Moreover, the combination of IVIM and arterial spin labeling MRI enables the estimation of water permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), suggesting a potential imaging biomarker for disrupted-BBB diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Paschoal
- Inbrain Lab, Department de Física, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata F Leoni
- Inbrain Lab, Department de Física, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Dos Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Paiva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Iima M, Nobashi T, Imai H, Koyasu S, Saga T, Nakamoto Y, Kataoka M, Yamamoto A, Matsuda T, Togashi K. Effects of diffusion time on non-Gaussian diffusion and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI parameters in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft models. Acta Radiol Open 2018; 7:2058460117751565. [PMID: 29372076 PMCID: PMC5774737 DOI: 10.1177/2058460117751565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perfusion-related intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and non-Gaussian diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) parameters are becoming important biomarkers for differentiating malignant from benign tumors without contrast agents. However, diffusion-time dependence has rarely been investigated in tumors. Purpose To investigate the relationship between diffusion time and diffusion parameters in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft mouse models. Material and Methods Diffusion-weighted MR images (DWI) were obtained on a 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner at two different diffusion times (9.6 ms and 27.6 ms) in human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5) xenograft mouse models. Perfusion-related IVIM (fIVIM and D*) and non-Gaussian diffusion (ADC0 and K) parameters were estimated. Parametric maps of diffusion changes with the diffusion times were generated using a synthetic apparent diffusion coefficient (sADC) obtained from b = 438 and 2584 s/mm2. Results ADC0 values significantly decreased when diffusion times were changed from 9.6 ms to 27.6 ms in MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and PLC/PRF/5 groups (P = 0.0163, 0.0351, and 0.0170, respectively). K values significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 groups (P < 0.0003 and = 0.0007, respectively); however, no significant difference was detected in the PLC/PRF/5 group. fIVIM values increased, although not significantly (P = 0.164–0.748). The maps of sADC changes showed that diffusion changes with the diffusion time were not homogeneous across tumor tissues. Conclusion Diffusion MR parameters in both breast cancer and HCC xenograft models were found to be diffusion time-dependent. Our results show that diffusion time is an important parameter to consider when interpreting DWI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nobashi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Division of Systems Informatics, Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Koyasu
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Division of Systems Informatics, Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Togashi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Le Bihan D. What can we see with IVIM MRI? Neuroimage 2017; 187:56-67. [PMID: 29277647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) refers to translational movements which within a given voxel and during the measurement time present a distribution of speeds in orientation and/or amplitude. The IVIM concept has been used to estimate perfusion in tissues as blood flow in randomly oriented capillaries mimics a pseudo-diffusion process. IVIM-based perfusion MRI, which does not require contrast agents, has gained momentum recently, especially in the field oncology. In this introductory review the basic concepts, models, technical requirements and limitations inherent to IVIM-based perfusion MRI are outlined, as well as new, non-perfusion applications of IVIM MRI, such as virtual MR Elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin, Frédéric Joliot Institute, Bât 145, CEA-Saclay Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191 France.
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39
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Federau C. Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI as a means to measure in vivo perfusion: A review of the evidence. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30. [PMID: 28885745 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The idea that in vivo intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance signal is influenced by blood motion in the microvasculature is exciting, because it suggests that local and quantitative perfusion information can be obtained in a simple and elegant way from a few diffusion-weighted images, without contrast injection. When the method was proposed in the late 1980s some doubts appeared as to its feasibility, and, probably because the signal to noise and image quality at the time was not sufficient, no obvious experimental evidence could be produced to alleviate them. Helped by the tremendous improvements seen in the last three decades in MR hardware, pulse design, and post-processing capabilities, an increasing number of encouraging reports on the value of intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging have emerged. The aim of this article is to review the current published evidence on the feasibility of in vivo perfusion imaging with intravoxel incoherent motion MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Federau
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben, Basle, Switzerland
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