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Wang Y, Ye Y, Shi S, Mao K, Zheng H, Chen X, Yan H, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Ye W, Ye J, Han JJ. Prediagnosis recognition of acute ischemic stroke by artificial intelligence from facial images. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14196. [PMID: 38845183 PMCID: PMC11320352 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major threat to life and health in modern society, especially in the aging population. Stroke may cause sudden death or severe sequela-like hemiplegia. Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are standard diagnosis methods, and artificial intelligence models have been built based on these images, shortage in medical resources and the time and cost of CT/MRI imaging hamper fast detection, thus increasing the severity of stroke. Here, we developed a convolutional neural network model by integrating four networks, Xception, ResNet50, VGG19, and EfficientNetb1, to recognize stroke based on 2D facial images with a cross-validation area under curve (AUC) of 0.91 within the training set of 185 acute ischemic stroke patients and 551 age- and sex-matched controls, and AUC of 0.82 in an independent data set regardless of age and sex. The model computed stroke probability was quantitatively associated with facial features, various clinical parameters of blood clotting indicators and leukocyte counts, and, more importantly, stroke incidence in the near future. Our real-time facial image artificial intelligence model can be used to rapidly screen and prediagnose stroke before CT scanning, thus meeting the urgent need in emergency clinics, potentially translatable to routine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wang
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yunyan Ye
- Emergency Department, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shengyi Shi
- Emergency Department, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kehang Mao
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haonan Zheng
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Emergency Department, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hanting Yan
- Emergency Department, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiming Lu
- Emergency Department, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Geriatrics, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRuijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Cote d'Azur UniversityShanghaiChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsPole Sino‐Francais de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et GenomiqueShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weimin Ye
- School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jing Ye
- Emergency Department, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Geriatrics, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRuijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Cote d'Azur UniversityShanghaiChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsPole Sino‐Francais de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et GenomiqueShanghaiChina
| | - Jing‐Dong J. Han
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary BiotechnologiesChengduChina
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Nigussie EW, Abera EG, Woldemariam MB. Burden and determinants of renal dysfunction and in-hospital mortality among acute stroke patients in Ethiopia: A hospital-based observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39140. [PMID: 39058854 PMCID: PMC11272293 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a leading global cause of mortality and neurological impairment, is often complicated by renal failure, exacerbating in-hospital risks and mortality. Limited understanding exists regarding renal failure prevalence in Ethiopian acute stroke patients. This study examines renal function abnormalities in acute stroke patients at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at JMC from December 5, 2023, to March 15, 2024. A structured data collection tool was developed after comprehensive review of pertinent literature, encompassing variables pertinent to the study objectives. Following data quality assurance, information was coded and inputted into EpiData version 3.1, subsequently analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounding variables, with statistical significance set at P < .05. The mean age of participants was 60.5 ± 15.5 years, with 129 (64.5%) being male. Forty-five participants (22.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.9, 28.9) exhibited renal dysfunction. Advanced age (≥70 years), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiac disease, history of transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke type were identified as significant predictors of renal dysfunction among hospitalized stroke patients. The mortality rate was 3.7 times higher in stroke patients with renal dysfunction compared to those with normal renal function (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.41, 6.22). Renal function abnormalities were prevalent among hospitalized acute stroke patients, emphasizing the significance of renal dysfunction as a frequent comorbidity. Older age, hypertension, DM, cardiac disease, history of TIA/stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke type emerged as statistically significant predictors of renal dysfunction. Furthermore, renal dysfunction was identified as a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyob Girma Abera
- Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Jimma University Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Boro N, Alexandrino Fernandes P, Mukherjee AK. Computational analysis to comprehend the structure-function properties of fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus spp for their efficient integration into industrial applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33895. [PMID: 39055840 PMCID: PMC11269858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus sp. are proposed as therapeutics in preventing thrombosis. Computational-based analyses of these enzymes' amino acid composition, basic physiological properties, presence of functional domain and motifs, and secondary and tertiary structure analyses can lead to developing a specific enzyme with improved catalytic activity and other properties that may increase their therapeutic potential. Methods The nucleotide sequences of fibrinolytic enzymes produced by the genus Bacillus and its corresponding protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database and aligned using the PRALINE programme. The varied physiochemical parameters and structural and functional analysis of the enzyme sequences were carried out with the ExPASy-ProtParam tool, MEME server, SOPMA, PDBsum tool, CYS-REC tool, SWISS-MODEL, SAVES servers, TMHMM program, GlobPlot, and peptide cutter software. The assessed in-silico data were compared with the published experimental results for validation. Results The alignment of sixty fibrinolytic serine protease enzymes (molecular mass 12-86 kDa) sequences showed 49 enzymes possess a conserved domain with a catalytic triad of Asp196, His242, and Ser569. The predicted instability and aliphatic indexes were 1.94-37.77, and 68.9-93.41, respectively, indicating high thermostability. The random coil means value suggested the predominance of this secondary structure in these proteases. A set of 50 amino acid residues representing motif 3 signifies the Peptidase S8/S53 domain that was invariably observed in 56 sequences. Additionally, 28 sequences have transmembrane helices, with two having the most disordered areas, and they pose 25 enzyme cleavage sites. A comparative analysis of the experimental work with the results of in-silico study put forward the characteristics of the enzyme sequences JF739176.1 and MF677779.1 to be considered when creating a potential mutant enzyme as these sequences are stable at high pH with thermostability and to exhibit αβ-fibrinogenase activity in both experimental and in-silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Boro
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade De Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
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Yin G, Zhao S, Zhao M, Xu J, Ge X, Wu J, Zhou Y, Liu X, Wei L, Xu Q. Complex interplay of heavy metals and renal injury: New perspectives from longitudinal epidemiological evidence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116424. [PMID: 38723382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported associations between heavy metals and renal function. However, longitudinal studies are required to further validate these associations and explore the interactive effects of heavy metals on renal function and their directional influence. METHOD This study, conducted in Northeast China from 2016 to 2021, included a four-time repeated measures design involving 384 participants (1536 observations). Urinary concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were measured, along with renal biomarkers including urinary microalbumin (umAlb), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. A Linear Mixed Effects Model (LME) examined the association between individual metal exposure and renal biomarkers. Subsequently, Quantile g-computation and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models assessed the overall effects of heavy metal mixtures. Marginal Effect models examined the directional impact of metal interactions in the BKMR on renal function. RESULT Results indicate significant impacts of individual and combined exposures of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Mn on renal biomarkers. Metal interactions in the BKMR model were observed, with synergistic effects of Cd-Cr on NAG, umAlb, UACR; Cd-Pb on NAG, UACR; Pb-Cr on umAlb, UACR, eGFR-MDRD, eGFR-EPI; and an antagonistic effect of Mn-Pb-Cr on UACR. CONCLUSION Both individual and combined exposures to heavy metals are associated with renal biomarkers, with significant synergistic interactions leading to renal damage. Our findings elucidate potential interactions among these metals, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms linking multiple metal exposures to renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohuan Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuanzheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Lanping Wei
- Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Cheng X, Chen B, Chen X, Song Z, Li J, Huang J, Kong W, Li J. Association of Renal Impairment with Clinical Outcomes Following Endovascular Therapy in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:1017-1028. [PMID: 38860034 PMCID: PMC11164092 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s462638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Renal impairment (RI) is associated with unfavourable outcome after acute ischaemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. We assessed the association of RI with clinical outcomes in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO), and the impact of RI on the effects of endovascular therapy (EVT) versus standard medical treatment (SMT). Patients and Methods We used data from the BASILAR registry, an observational, prospective, nationwide study of patients with ABAO in routine clinical practice in China. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was recorded at admission. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included favourable outcome (mRS score 0-3), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of RI with mortality and functional improvement at 90 days. Results Among 829 patients enrolled, 747 patients were analysed. The median baseline eGFR was 89 mL/min/1.73m2 (IQR, 71-100), and 350 (46.8%), 297 (39.8%), and 100 (13.4%) patients had baseline eGFR values of ≥90, 60-89, and <60 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. RI was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.15-3.67) at 90 days and decreased survival probability (aOR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.30-2.33) within 1 year. EVT was associated with better functional improvement (common aOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.43-4.35), favourable outcome (aOR 5.42; 95% CI, 1.92-15.29) and lower mortality (aOR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.88) in ABAO patients with eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2. However, RI was not modified the relationship of EVT with functional improvement (common aOR, 3.03; 95% CI, 0.81-11.11), favourable outcome (aOR 2.10; 95% CI, 0.45-9.79), and mortality (aOR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.15-2.06) by eGFR categories. Conclusion RI is associated with reduced efficacy of EVT and worse functional outcome and higher mortality at 3 months and lower survival probability at 1 year in patients with ABAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The Gulin People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyu Chen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, The Gulin People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Gulin People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Sun R, Gu Q, Zhang X, Zeng R, Chen D, Yao J, Min J. Protective effect of cilostazol on vascular injury in rats with acute ischemic stroke complicated with chronic renal failure. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:189-202. [PMID: 38525134 PMCID: PMC10959867 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) resulting in vascular calcification, which does damage to blood vessels and endothelium, is an independent risk factor for stroke. It has been reported that cilostazol has a protective effect on the focal cerebral ischemic infarct. However, its impact on vascular injury in CRF combined stroke and its molecular protection mechanism have not been investigated. In this study, we carried out the effect of cilostazol on CRF combined stroke rats, and the results confirmed that it improved the neurobehavior, renal function as well as pathologic changes in both the kidney and brain. In addition, the inflammation and oxidative stress factors in the kidney and brain were suppressed. Moreover, the rates of brain edema and infarction were decreased. The injured brain-blood barrier (BBB) was recovered with less Evans blue extravasation and more expressions of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) and occludin. More cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the ipsilateral hemisphere and more expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in brain and kidney were found in the cilostazol group. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and cell autophagy became less, on the contrary, proteins of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) after the cilostazol treatment were increased. More importantly, this protective effect is related to the pathway of Janus Kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). In conclusion, our results confirmed that cilostazol exerted a protective effect on the brain and kidney function, specifically in vascular injury, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, and inflammation response in CRF combined with stroke rats which were related to the upregulation of JAK/STAT3/mTOR signal pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00217-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Min
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Li Y, Wu S, Gao J, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Tian X, Chen S, Xing A, Wang A, He Y. Association of Stroke With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease With and Without CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:477-488. [PMID: 37838141 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a risk factor for stroke and all-cause mortality, is highly prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is unclear whether the association of MAFLD with stroke and all-cause mortality differs within and outside of the setting of CKD. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We enrolled 95,353 participants from the Kailuan Cohort Study, among whom 35,749 had CKD at baseline or developed CKD during the follow-up period, and 59,604 individuals who had no CKD at baseline or during the follow-up period. EXPOSURE MAFLD. OUTCOME Stroke (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke), all-cause mortality. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate the influence of MAFLD on stroke outcomes within the subgroups defined by the presence of CKD. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 6,140 strokes (6.4%) and 11,975 deaths from any cause (12.6%) occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, MAFLD was associated with an increased incidence of stroke among the participants with CKD (HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.23-1.45]) but not among those without CKD (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.97-1.15]; Pinteraction<0.001). This association was principally related to ischemic stroke (HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.26-1.51]) and not hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.85-1.26]). No association was found between MAFLD and all-cause mortality in the participants with CKD (HR,1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.10]) or those without CKD (HR,1.03 [95% CI, 0.97-1.09]). Among the participants with CKD, compared with non-MAFLD, MAFLD with diabetes (HR,1.36 [95% CI, 1.23-1.50]) or overweight/obesity (HR,1.30 [95% CI, 1.14-1.50]) was associated with a higher risk of stroke whereas MAFLD without overweight/obesity or diabetes was not associated with a higher risk (HR,1.08 [95% CI, 0.81-1.43]). LIMITATIONS This was an observational study and included individuals with CKD who had a relatively high estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of stroke in individuals with CKD but not in those without CKD. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is recognized as a risk factor for stroke in the general population, is highly prevalent among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the impact of MAFLD on the risk of stroke in patients with CKD remains uncertain. We investigated the association of MAFLD with stroke in individuals with and without CKD. Our analysis revealed that MAFLD was associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke in individuals with CKD, and the magnitude of this increased risk was greater in the setting of CKD. These findings highlight the need for increased attention to MAFLD in patients with CKD and emphasize that addressing and preventing MAFLD in this population may contribute to reduced morbidity from stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingli Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingting Zuo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Garcia LP, Liu S, Lenihan CR, Montez-Rath ME, Chang TI, Winkelmayer WC, Khairallah P. Dialysis Modality, Transplant Characteristics, and Incident Atrial Fibrillation After Kidney Transplant: An Observational Study Using USRDS Data. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100741. [PMID: 38188456 PMCID: PMC10770630 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia and is increasing in prevalence. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is high among patients receiving dialysis, affecting ∼21.3% of the patients receiving hemodialysis and 15.5% of those receiving peritoneal dialysis. The association of previous dialysis modality with incident atrial fibrillation in patients after receiving their first kidney transplant has not been studied. Study Design We used the United States Renal Data System to retrospectively identify adult, Medicare-insured patients who received their first kidney transplant between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2012 and who had not previously been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Setting & Participants The study included 43,621 patients who were aged 18 years older when receiving a first kidney transplant between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2012 and whose primary payer was Medicare (parts A and B) at the time of transplantation and the 6 months preceding it. Exposure Dialysis modality used before transplant. Outcome Time to incidence of atrial fibrillation up to 3 years posttransplant. Analytical Approach Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate HRs. Results Of 43,621 patients, 84.9% received hemodialysis and 15.1% received peritoneal dialysis before transplant. The mean ± SD age was 51 ± 13.6 years; 60.8% were male, 55.6% White, and 35.8% Black race. The mean dialysis vintage was 4.3 ± 2.8 years. Newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation after kidney transplant occurred in 286 patients (during 15,363 person-years) who had received peritoneal dialysis and in 2,315 patients (during 83,536 person-years) who had received hemodialysis. After multivariable adjustment, atrial fibrillation was 20% (95% CI, 4%-38%) more likely in those who had been receiving hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis, regardless of whether death was considered a competing risk or a censoring event. Each year of pretransplant dialysis vintage increased the risk of posttransplant atrial fibrillation by 6% (95% CI, 3%-9%). Limitations Residual confounding; data from billing claims does not specify the duration of atrial fibrillation or whether it is valvular. Conclusions Pretransplant hemodialysis, as compared with peritoneal dialysis, was associated with higher risk of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation after a first kidney transplant. Plain-Language Summary New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in 7% of kidney transplant recipients in the first 3 years posttransplantation. We conducted this study to determine whether pretransplant dialysis modality was associated with posttransplant AF. We identified 43,621 patients; 84.9% used hemodialysis and 15.1% used peritoneal dialysis pretransplant. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios. We found that patients receiving hemodialysis pretransplant were at 20% increased risk of developing posttransplant AF as compared with patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. As our understanding of transplant-specific risk factors for AF increases, we may be able to better risk-stratify transplant patients and develop monitoring and management strategies that can improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pozo Garcia
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sai Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Colin R. Lenihan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Maria E. Montez-Rath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Tara I. Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Pascale Khairallah
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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9
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Rajesh K, Spring KJ, Beran RG, Bhaskar SMM. Chronic kidney disease prevalence and clinical outcomes in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke patients with reperfusion therapy: A meta-analysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024; 29:21-33. [PMID: 37964507 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity among acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing reperfusion therapies, including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Acknowledging CKD's prevalence in this cohort and understanding its influence on outcomes is crucial for prognosis and optimizing care. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CKD among anterior circulation AIS (acAIS) patients undergoing reperfusion therapies and to analyse the role of CKD in mediating outcomes. METHODS A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool and examine prevalence data. A total of 263 633 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The study assessed CKD's association with functional outcomes, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and mortality. RESULTS The overall pooled prevalence of CKD among acAIS ranged from 30% to 56% in IVT-treated patients and 16%-42% for EVT-treated patients. CKD was associated with increased odds of unfavourable functional outcome at 90 days in both IVT (OR 1.837; 95% CI: [1.599; 2.110]; p < .001) and EVT (OR 1.804; 95% CI: [1.525; 2.133]; p < .001) groups. In IVT-treated patients, CKD was associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality (OR 6.211; 95% CI: [1.105; 34.909]; p = .038). CKD in IVT-treated patients exhibited increased odds of sICH, albeit statistically non-significant (OR 1.595; 95% CI: [0.567; 3.275]). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of CKD and its significant impact on outcomes in acAIS patients treated with reperfusion therapies underscore its clinical significance. This insight can guide personalised care strategies and potentially improve the prognosis in the management of acAIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruthajn Rajesh
- Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Clinical Sciences Stream, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Clinical Sciences Stream, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group, Liverpool Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and Western Sydney University (WSU), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy G Beran
- Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Clinical Sciences Stream, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Griffith Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonu M M Bhaskar
- Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Clinical Sciences Stream, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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11
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Mubaraki AA, Alotaibi WD, Sibyani AK, Alrbaiai GT, Almalki HS, Atallah HM, Basfar AS, Alqaedi A, Althobaiti HA, Algethami MM, Althobaiti YA. Prevalence of stroke among patients with chronic kidney disease, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:1139-1144. [PMID: 37926452 PMCID: PMC10712769 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.11.20230206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of stroke among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in Taif, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A multicentric retrospective study was carried out from May 2021 to August 2022 on 4 dialysis centers in Taif, Saudi Arabia. With a total of 1857 CKD patients (aged ≥18 years old) participated in this study. Data were collected by reviewing patients' files. RESULTS Approximately 98.3% of the participants had severely decreased glomerular filtration rate. Approximately 49.1% of them were on dialysis; the majority of them (87.2%) underwent hemodialysis. The prevalence of stroke in these CKD patients was 8.3%. Ischemic stroke was the most frequently reported issue (81.2%). Ischemic stroke was comparatively more frequently observed in peritoneal dialysis patients (12.1%); whereas hemorrhagic stroke was more on hemodialysis patients with statistically significant association (p=0.029). However, there was no significant association between the prevalence of stroke and stages of CKD. CONCLUSION The prevalence of stroke in our cohort was 8.3%, and the majority of cases were ischemic strokes. Furthermore, ischemic strokes were more frequent in peritoneal dialysis patients, whereas hemorrhagic strokes occurred more frequently in hemodialysis patients with a statistically significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. Mubaraki
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waad D. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afnan K. Sibyani
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghaida T. Alrbaiai
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haneen S. Almalki
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hashim M. Atallah
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah S. Basfar
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asrar Alqaedi
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hisham A. Althobaiti
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed M. Algethami
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Youssef A. Althobaiti
- From the Department of Medicine (Mubaraki); from the College of Medicine (Atallah, Basfar), Taif University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alotaibi), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital; from the Department of Medicine (Y. A. Althobaiti), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, from the Department of Nephrology (Alqaedi), Taif Children Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (H. A. Althobaiti), King Faisal Medical Complex, from the Department of Medicine (Algethami), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Department of Neurology (Sibyani), National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Neurology (Alrbaiai), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Almalki), Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Sigmund EE, Mikheev A, Brinkmann IM, Gilani N, Babb JS, Basukala D, Benkert T, Veraart J, Chandarana H. Cardiac Phase and Flow Compensation Effects on REnal Flow and Microstructure AnisotroPy MRI in Healthy Human Kidney. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:210-220. [PMID: 36399101 PMCID: PMC10192459 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) involves microstructure and microcirculation, quantified with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and hybrid models. A better understanding of their contrast may increase specificity. PURPOSE To measure modulation of DWI with cardiac phase and flow-compensated (FC) diffusion gradient waveforms. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Six healthy volunteers (ages: 22-48 years, five females), water phantom. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3-T, prototype DWI sequence with 2D echo-planar imaging, and bipolar (BP) or FC gradients. 2D Half-Fourier Single-shot Turbo-spin-Echo (HASTE). Multiple-phase 2D spoiled gradient-echo phase contrast (PC) MRI. ASSESSMENT BP and FC water signal decays were qualitatively compared. Renal arteries and velocities were visualized on PC-MRI. Systolic (peak velocity), diastolic (end stable velocity), and pre-systolic (before peak velocity) phases were identified. Following mutual information-based retrospective self-registration of DWI within each kidney, and Marchenko-Pastur Principal Component Analysis (MPPCA) denoising, combined IVIM-DTI analysis estimated mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues (λi) from tissue diffusivity (Dt ), perfusion fraction (fp ), and pseudodiffusivity (Dp , Dp,axial , Dp,radial ), for each tissue (cortex/medulla, segmented on b0/FA respectively), phase, and waveform (BP, FC). Monte Carlo water diffusion simulations aided data interpretation. STATISTICAL TESTS Mixed model regression probed differences between tissue types and pulse sequences. Univariate general linear model analysis probed variations among cardiac phases. Spearman correlations were measured between diffusion metrics and renal artery velocities. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Water BP and FC signal decays showed no differences. Significant pulse sequence dependence occurred for λ1 , λ3 , FA, Dp , fp , Dp,axial , Dp,radial in cortex and medulla, and medullary λ2 . Significant cortex/medulla differences occurred with BP for all metrics except MD (systole [P = 0.224]; diastole [P = 0.556]). Significant phase dependence occurred for Dp , Dp,axial , Dp,radial for BP and medullary λ1 , λ2 , λ3 , MD for FC. FA correlated significantly with velocity. Monte Carlo simulations indicated medullary measurements were consistent with a 34 μm tubule diameter. DATA CONCLUSION Cardiac gating and flow compensation modulate of measurements of renal diffusion. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Sigmund
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Artem Mikheev
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nima Gilani
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dibash Basukala
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Benkert
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Hsieh CY, Sung SF. From Kidney Protection to Stroke Prevention: The Potential Role of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010351. [PMID: 36613795 PMCID: PMC9820650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for stroke and covert cerebrovascular disease, and up to 40% of stroke patients have concomitant CKD. However, the so-called "cerebrorenal interaction" attracted less attention compared to its cardiorenal counterpart. Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD. The sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor is a relatively new class of oral anti-diabetic drugs and has cardiorenal benefits in addition to glucose-lowering effects. In the present perspective, we would like to review the current status and future potential of the SGLT2 inhibitor in cerebro-renal interactions and strokes regardless of the status of diabetes. We propose the potential roles of baseline renal functions and SGLT1/2 dual inhibition in stroke prevention, as well as the additional benefits of reducing atrial fibrillation and hemorrhagic stroke for SGLT2 inhibitors. Further clinical trials are anticipated to test whether SGLT2 inhibitors can fulfill the long-standing unmet clinical need and stop such a vicious cycle of cerebro-renal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Tainan Sin Lau Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Sung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
- Department of Beauty & Health Care, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 736, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-276-5041 (ext. 7284)
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14
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Bahrami Z, Salimi M, Ostovan VR. Severe Hyperkalemia Masquerading as Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:608-611. [PMID: 36380974 PMCID: PMC9652496 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.91382.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe hyperkalemia usually presents as cardiac or neurologic manifestations. We report a case of a 63-year-old Caucasian woman, who was admitted to Namazi Hospital, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran) in August 2019. The patient suffered from left-sided weakness and slurred speech for one hour prior to admission. Initially, the patient was treated for acute ischemic stroke, and an intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rTPA) was prescribed. However, further investigations showed severe hyperkalemia. Hemiparesis and slurred speech improved significantly with appropriate management of hyperkalemia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of hyperkalemia masquerading as acute ischemic stroke without evidence of concomitant central nervous system malignancies, large vessel atherosclerosis, or recreational drug abuse. Stroke mimics due to hyperkalemia should be considered in any patient with simultaneous sudden onset of focal neurologic deficits and tall peaked T waves, particularly in the context of renal failure and a history of potassium-sparing drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrami
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Salimi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Ostovan
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Lv J, Zheng M, Zhu Y. Outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in kidney transplant recipients: An analysis of US Nationwide inpatient sample. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:327-334. [PMID: 36238191 PMCID: PMC9510820 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A kidney transplant is often the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, compared with a lifetime on dialysis. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have a reduced risk for new strokes than patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) G5 treated by dialysis (CKD G5D). However, the benefit of Kidney transplant on post-stroke hospitalization outcomes has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of hospitalization after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in KTRs and patients with CKD G5D. This retrospective study used patient data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. From 2005 to 2018, patients hospitalized with AIS were classified into 3 groups, including KTRs (n = 1,833), patients with CKD G5D (n = 26,767), and those without CKD (CKD-free, n = 986,945). Patients with CKD G1–G4 or unspecified stage, and graft failure requiring dialysis were excluded. In-hospital mortality, medical complications, transfer to nursing homes, and length of stay (LOS) were compared. Compared to CKD-free group, KTRs had no significant higher risks for in-hospital mortality, transfer to nursing homes, and LOS, but a greater risk for medical complications after adjusting for relevant factors. CKD G5D group had higher risks for in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93–2.15), medical complications (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.45–1.54), and transfer to nursing homes (aOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13), and a 0.07 day (95% CI: 0.06–0.08) longer LOS than CKD-free group. In conclusion, the outcomes of AIS hospitalization were more favorable in KTRs as compared with CKD G5D. Furthermore, the risks for in-hospital mortality, transfer to long-term care facilities, and LOS were not significantly different between KTRs and CKD-free patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , No. 95 Yong’an Road , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , No. 95 Yong’an Road , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Jingcheng Lv
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , No. 95 Yong’an Road , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , No. 95 Yong’an Road , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , No. 95 Yong’an Road , Beijing , 100050 , China
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16
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Xin W, Qin Y, Lei P, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang Z. From cerebral ischemia towards myocardial, renal, and hepatic ischemia: Exosomal miRNAs as a general concept of intercellular communication in ischemia-reperfusion injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:900-922. [PMID: 36159596 PMCID: PMC9464648 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shen HS, Hsu CY, Yip HT, Lin IH. Lower risk of ischemic stroke among patients with chronic kidney disease using chinese herbal medicine as add-on therapy: A real-world nationwide cohort study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883148. [PMID: 36034816 PMCID: PMC9403506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) is much higher among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to the general population. Few studies have evaluated the association between the risk of IS and the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in patients with CKD. We aimed to investigate the risk of IS among patients with CKD using CHM as add-on therapy.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to assess 21,641 patients with newly diagnosed CKD between 2003 and 2012. Patients were classified as either the CHM (n = 3,149) or the non-CHM group (n = 3,149) based on whether they used CHM after first diagnosis of CKD. We used the proportional subdistribution hazards model of Fine and Gray to examine the hazard ratio (HR) of IS in propensity-score matched samples at a ratio of 1:1 for two groups.Results: The risk of IS was significantly reduced in the CHM group (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–0.70) compared with the non-CHM group. Those who used CHM for >180 days had an even lower risk of IS than those in the non-CHM group (aHR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.41–0.63). Additionally, frequently prescribed formulae, such as Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan, and Zhen-Wu-Tang were associated with a 30%–50% reduced risk of IS.Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with CKD who used CHM as add-on therapy had a lower hazard of IS than those in the non-CHM group, especially for patients taking CHM for >180 days. Further experimental studies are required to clarify the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Shu Shen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: I-Hsin Lin,
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18
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Song X, Fan Y, Jia Y, Li G, Liu M, Xu Y, Zhang J, Li C. A novel aGAPSS-based nomogram for the prediction of ischemic stroke in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930087. [PMID: 35967319 PMCID: PMC9372272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most common and life-threatening arterial manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It is related to high mortality and severe permanent disability in survivors. Thus, it is essential to identify patients with APS at high risk of IS and adopt individual-level preventive measures. This study was conducted to identify risk factors for IS in patients with APS and to develop a nomogram specifically for IS prediction in these patients by combining the adjusted Global Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome Score (aGAPSS) with additional clinical and laboratory data. Methods A total of 478 consecutive patients with APS were enrolled retrospectively. All patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic analyses were conducted to identify predictors of IS in the training cohort. Then, a nomogram was developed based on these predictors. The predictive performance of the nomogram for the training and validation cohorts was evaluated by determining areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and creating calibration plots. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to compare the potential net benefits of the nomogram with those of the aGAPSS. Results During a mean follow-up period of 2.7 years, 26.9% (129/478) of the patients were diagnosed with IS. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that five risk factors were independent clinical predictors of IS: age (P < 0.001), diabetes (P = 0.030), hyperuricemia (P < 0.001), the platelet count (P = 0.001), and the aGAPSS (P = 0.001). These predictors were incorporated into the nomogram, named the aGAPSS-IS. The nomogram showed satisfactory performance in the training [AUROC = 0.853 (95% CI, 0.802–0.896] and validation [AUROC = 0.793 (95% CI, 0.737–0.843)] cohorts. Calibration curves showed good concordance between observed and nomogram-predicted probability in the training and validation cohorts. The DCA confirmed that the aGAPSS-IS provided more net benefits than the aGAPSS in both cohorts. Conclusion Age, diabetes, hyperuricemia, the platelet count, and the aGAPSS were risk factors for IS in patients with APS. The aGAPSS-IS may be a good tool for IS risk stratification for patients with APS based on routinely available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Song
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyi Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gongming Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Meige Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Li, ; Jun Zhang,
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Li, ; Jun Zhang,
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Miwa K, Toyoda K. Covert vascular brain injury in chronic kidney disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:824503. [PMID: 35959397 PMCID: PMC9358355 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.824503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes to the increased risk of stroke and dementia. Accumulating evidence indicates that structural brain abnormalities, such as cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds, as well as brain atrophy, are common in patients with CKD. All of these imaging findings have been implicated in the development of stroke and dementia. The brain and kidney exhibit similar impairments and promote structural brain abnormalities due to shared vascular risk factors and similar anatomical and physiological susceptibility to vascular injury in patients with CKD. This indicates that kidney function has a significant effect on brain aging. However, as most results are derived from cross-sectional observational studies, the exact pathophysiology of structural brain abnormalities in CKD remains unclear. The early detection of structural brain abnormalities in CKD in the asymptomatic or subclinical phase (covert) should enable stroke risk prediction and guide clinicians on more targeted interventions to prevent stroke in patients with CKD. This article summarizes the currently available clinical evidence linking covert vascular brain injuries with CKD.
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20
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Pantea I, Repanovici A, Cocuz ME. Analysis of Research Directions on the Rehabilitation of Patients with Stroke and Diabetes Using Scientometric Methods. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050773. [PMID: 35627909 PMCID: PMC9141489 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of patients with stroke and diabetes has been followed in this article by a review of the literature published in the Web of Science in the last ten years. A review of the literature was performed using scientometric methods. VOS Viewer software was used to determine the research directions in this area. Scientometric analysis has extracted relevant published scientific output that treats diabetes and stroke. Studies based on qualitative research and the conclusions of these studies were analyzed. The clusters with the keywords used in the title and abstract by the authors who published in the Web of Science were reviewed and research directions in the field were formulated. The proper care of diabetes and its numerous consequences, including stroke and its neurologic complications, necessitates the fast identification of research findings in various types of medicines and their efficacy when applied to various patient groups, such as diabetic patients, whose recovery after a stroke is similar to that of a nondiabetic patient following hemodynamic stabilization, although it takes longer and has poorer outcomes. The limitations of the study refer to the fact that the data reviewed are from the Web of Science only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Pantea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Angela Repanovici
- Faculty of Product Design and Environment, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Elena Cocuz
- Department of Fundamental Disciplines and Clinical Prevention, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
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21
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Könn V, Motrapu M, Świderska MK, Anders HJ. Drug Testing for Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes in Animals versus Humans: A Comparative Analysis of Study Designs and Reporting Qualities. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 146:503-513. [PMID: 35320807 DOI: 10.1159/000523666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a highly prevalent accelerator or even cause of chronic kidney disease imposing a large unmet medical need at the global scale. Massive research activities continue to be in search of a cure but the yield of the classical bench-to-bedside research approach has been low. We speculated that a significant mismatch in design and quality of animal and clinical studies in this domain is a hurdle for translation. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of matched pairs of animal and human studies that tested the efficacy of distinct drug interventions for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We reviewed study designs and reporting quality of such studies over the last decade according to the standards listed in the CONSORT and ARRIVE recommendations, respectively. RESULTS We noted a wide diversity in the study designs of animal studies in terms of diabetes induction. Major mismatches with the respective human studies referred to age and sex distribution, comorbidities, stage of the kidney disease, and selection of primary endpoints. Usually, treatment was initiated before onset of kidney disease without any standard of care as a background therapy. The reporting quality of animal studies was poor for randomization procedures, blinding, sample size calculation for a prespecified primary endpoint or the safety analysis. Reporting quality of clinical studies had deficits in trial design-, recruitment-, allocation-, and outcome-related aspects. CONCLUSION Bench-to-bedside translation in the domain of DKD suffers from major deficits in the design of experimental studies in view of the projected clinical trials as well as from significant deficits in the reporting quality in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Könn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Katarzyna Świderska
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Li Z, Li Z, Zhou Q, Gu H, Wang Y, Zhao X. Effects of estimated glomerular filtration rate on clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 35012476 PMCID: PMC8744334 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the severity and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been scarcely investigated. We aimed to explore the association of admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels with hemorrhagic stroke severity and outcomes in ICH patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients enrolled in this study were from the China Stroke Center Alliance study (CSCA). Patients were divided into four groups according to differences in eGFR at admission (≥90; 60-89; 45-59; < 45). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of the eGFR at admission with hemorrhagic stroke severity, in-hospital complications, discharge disposition, and in-hospital mortality after ICH. RESULTS A total of 85,167 patients with acute ICH were included in the analysis. Among them, 9493 (11.1%) had a baseline eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2. A low eGFR was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality [eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2, odds ratio (OR) 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.53); eGFR 45-59, 2.35 (1.97-2.82); eGFR<45, 4.18 (3.7-4.72); P for trend < 0.0001], non-routine discharge [eGFR 60-89, 1.11 (1.03-1.2); eGFR 45-59, 1.16 (1-1.35); eGFR<45, 1.37 (1.23-1.53); P for trend < 0.0001], hemorrhagic stroke severity [eGFR 60-89, 1 (0.95-1.05); eGFR 45-59, 1.39 (1.26-1.53); eGFR<45, 1.81 (1.67-1.96); P for trend < 0.0001], in-hospital complications of pneumonia [eGFR 60-89, 1.1 (1.05-1.14); eGFR 45-59, 1.3 (1.2-1.4); eGFR<45, 1.66 (1.57-1.76); P for trend < 0.0001] and hydrocephalus [eGFR 60-89, 0.99 (0.87-1.12); eGFR 45-59, 1.37 (1.1-1.7); eGFR<45, 1.54 (1.32-1.8); P for trend = 0.0139] after adjusting for confounding factors. With the decline in eGFR, the risk of hematoma evacuation increased in patients with an eGFR 45 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.37-1.61). No significant association between differences in eGFR at baseline and in-hospital complication of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage was observed. CONCLUSIONS Low eGFR at baseline was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, non-routine discharge, hemorrhagic stroke severity and in-hospital complications such as pneumonia, hydrocephalus and hematoma evacuation in acute ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Su X, Gao Y, Xu W, Li J, Chen K, Gao Y, Guo J, Zhao L, Wang H, Qian X, Lin J, Han J, Liu L. Association Cystatin C and Risk of Stroke in Elderly Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:762552. [PMID: 34975375 PMCID: PMC8715090 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.762552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few prospective cohort studies have assessed the relationship between Cystatin C (Cys-C) and risk of stroke in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study sought to examine the association between baseline serum Cys-C and long-term risk of stroke among elderly OSA patients. Methods: A total of 932 patients with OSA, no history of stroke, ≥60 years of age, and complete serum Cys-C records were included in this study. All patients had completed polysomnography (PSG). OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥5 events per hour. Participants were categorized into four groups according to baseline serum Cys-C concentration, split into quartiles. Multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate the association between Cys-C and the incidence of new-onset stroke. Results: Stroke occurred in 61 patients during the median 42-month follow-up period. The cumulative incidence rate of stroke was 6.5%, which included 54 patients with ischemic stroke and 7 patients with hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative incidence of stroke was higher among patients with baseline serum Cys-C concentration of ≥1.15 mg/L when compared with other groups (PLog–rank < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors in the Cox regression model, patients with a serum Cys-C concentration of ≥1.15 mg/L had a 2.16-fold higher risk of developing stroke compared with patients with serum Cys-C ≤ 0.81 mg/L (HR, 2.16, 95%CI, 1.09–6.60; P = 0.017). Additionally, there was a higher risk in those of age ≥70 years (HR, 3.23, 95%CI, 1.05–9.24; P = 0.010). The receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that the capability of Cys-C to identify elderly patients with OSA who had a long-time risk of stroke was moderate (AUC = 0.731, 95% CI: 0.683–0.779, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Increased Cys-C concentration was identified as a risk factor in the incidence of stroke in elderly patients with OSA, independent of gender, BMI, hypertension and other risk factors. Additionally, it conferred a higher risk in patients of age ≥70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yinghui Gao
- PKU-UPenn Sleep Center, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Xu
- Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - JianHua Li
- Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaibing Chen
- Sleep Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of General Practice, 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - JingJing Guo
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LiBo Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaoshun Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Han
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cui P, McCullough LD, Hao J. Brain to periphery in acute ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical significance. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100932. [PMID: 34273406 PMCID: PMC9850260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The social and public health burdens of ischemic stroke have been increasing worldwide. In addition to focal brain damage, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) provokes systemic abnormalities across peripheral organs. AIS profoundly alters the autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immune system, which further yield deleterious organ-specific consequences. Poststroke systemic pathological alterations in turn considerably contribute to the progression of ischemic brain injury, which accounts for the substantial impact of systemic complications on stroke outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive and updated pathophysiological model elucidating the systemic effects of AIS. To address their clinical significance and inform stroke management, we also outline the resulting systemic complications at particular stages of AIS and highlight the mechanisms. Future therapeutic strategies should attempt to integrate the treatment of primary brain lesions with interventions for secondary systemic complications, and should be tailored to patient individualized characteristics to optimize stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Diwan D, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Nelson JW, Thakur VK, Christie G, Molina G, Gupta VK. Thrombolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10468. [PMID: 34638809 PMCID: PMC8508633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme therapies are attracting significant attention as thrombolytic drugs during the current scenario owing to their great affinity, specificity, catalytic activity, and stability. Among various sources, the application of microbial-derived thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes to prevent and treat vascular occlusion is promising due to their advantageous cost-benefit ratio and large-scale production. Thrombotic complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and peripheral occlusive diseases resulting from blood vessel blockage are the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality. Given the ability of microbial thrombolytic enzymes to dissolve blood clots and prevent any adverse effects, their use as a potential thrombolytic therapy has attracted great interest. A better understanding of the hemostasis and fibrinolytic system may aid in improving the efficacy and safety of this treatment approach over classical thrombolytic agents. Here, we concisely discuss the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation, thrombo-, and fibrinolysis, thrombolytic and fibrinolytic agents isolated from bacteria, fungi, and algae along with their mode of action and the potential application of microbial enzymes in thrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.D.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology, Techno City, Killing Road, Baridua 9th Mile 793101, Meghalaya, India; (Z.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology, Techno City, Killing Road, Baridua 9th Mile 793101, Meghalaya, India; (Z.U.); (M.S.)
| | - James W. Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.D.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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26
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Lau WL, Fisher M, Fletcher E, DeCarli C, Troutt H, Corrada MM, Kawas C, Paganini-Hill A. Kidney Function Is Not Related to Brain Amyloid Burden on PET Imaging in The 90+ Study Cohort. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:671945. [PMID: 34616751 PMCID: PMC8488112 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.671945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the evidence of vascular cognitive impairment in this population is robust, the role of Alzheimer's pathology is unknown. We evaluated serum cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), brain amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and cognitive function in 166 participants from The 90+ Study. Mean age was 93 years (range 90-107) and 101 (61%) were women; 107 participants had normal cognitive status while 59 participants had cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) or dementia. Mean ± standard deviation cystatin C was 1.59 ± 0.54 mg/L with eGFR 40.7 ± 18.7 ml/min/1.73m2. Higher amyloid-β burden was associated with dementia, but not with age, diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. We found no association between brain amyloid-β burden and cystatin C eGFR. We previously reported that kidney function was associated with cognition and cerebral microbleeds in the same cohort of oldest-old adults (90+ years old). Collectively, these findings suggest that microvascular rather than Alzheimer's pathology drives CKD-associated cognitive dysfunction in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hayden Troutt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - María M. Corrada
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Claudia Kawas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Annlia Paganini-Hill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Huang YT, Hong FF, Yang SL. Atherosclerosis: The Culprit and Co-victim of Vascular Dementia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:673440. [PMID: 34421513 PMCID: PMC8377286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.673440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD), a cerebrovascular disease which causes cognitive impairment, is one of the significant factors that affects the quality of senectitude. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory syndrome and closely associated with VD. Analyzing the role of AS in VD contribute greatly to its early detection and prevention, but their relationship has not been integrated into a complete network. This review summarizes AS biomarkers as VD predictors for the first time and describes the direct mechanisms of AS causing VD from five aspects: vascular morphogenesis, hemodynamic change, neurovascular unit damage (NVU), oxidative stress, and microRNA (miRNA). Finally, it discriminates the relationship between AS and VD in common risk factors which can be disease or some molecules. In particular, these data imply that the role of AS in VD is not only a pathogenic factor but also a comorbidity in VD. This review aims to bring new ideas for the prediction and treatment of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Queen Marry College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Fuzhou, China
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Wang IK, Yu TM, Yen TH, Chiu LT, Lien LM, Sun Y, Wei CY, Hsu KC, Lai PC, Li CY, Sung FC, Hsu CY. Renal dysfunction is associated with lower odds of home discharge for patients with stroke. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:865-872. [PMID: 34351833 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1964198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels with hospital discharge disposition after stroke are limited with inconsistent results. This study investigated the odds of home discharge with eGFR levels at admission for patients with stroke using the Taiwan Stroke Registry (TSR) data. METHODS From the TSR database, a total of 51,338 stroke patients from 2006 to 2015 were categorized into five groups based on eGFR levels at admission. The proportion of home discharge by the eGFR levels was calculated and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the related odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Near 85% of stroke patients were discharged to home. The proportion of home discharges decreased as the eGFR level declined. Compared to patients with eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, the adjusted ORs of home discharge were 0.91, 0.85, 0.63, 0.56 for patients with eGFR 60-89, eGFR 30-59, eGFR 15-29, and eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or on dialysis, respectively, in a graded relationship. The trends were consistent in the ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all stroke patients, ischemic stroke patients, and hemorrhagic stroke patients were 0.801, 0799, 0.815, respectively. CONCLUSION The odds of home discharge for stroke patients decreased with a significant independent graded association with declining eGFR levels. Renal function could predict home discharge after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute Of Biological Sciences, College Of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Divisions Of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Of Medicine, College Of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Min Yu
- Division Of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Division Of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College Of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ting Chiu
- Management Office For Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Lien
- Department Of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department Of Neurology, College Of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Sun
- Department Of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department Of Neurology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.,Department Of Exercise And Health Promotion, College Of Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Artificial Intelligence Center For Medical Diagnosis, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- Divisions Of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute Of Biological Sciences, College Of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office For Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Of Health Services Administration, China Medical University College Of Public Health, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Of Food Nutrition And Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute Of Biological Sciences, College Of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Johansen KL, Garimella PS, Hicks CW, Kalra PA, Kelly DM, Martens S, Matsushita K, Sarafidis P, Sood MM, Herzog CA, Cheung M, Jadoul M, Winkelmayer WC, Reinecke H. Central and peripheral arterial diseases in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2021; 100:35-48. [PMID: 33961868 PMCID: PMC9833277 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of all populations worldwide, with about 2 million people requiring dialysis. Although patients with CKD are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and events, they are often underrepresented or excluded in clinical trials, leading to important knowledge gaps about how to treat these patients. KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) convened the fourth clinical Controversies Conference on the heart, kidney and vasculature in Dublin, Ireland, in February 2020, entitled Central and Peripheral Arterial Diseases in Chronic Kidney Disease. A global panel of multidisciplinary experts from the fields of nephrology, cardiology, neurology, surgery, radiology, vascular biology, epidemiology, and health economics attended. The objective was to identify key issues related to the optimal detection, management, and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, central aortic disease, renovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease in the setting of CKD. This report outlines the common pathophysiology of these vascular processes in the setting of CKD, describes best practices for their diagnosis and management, summarizes areas of uncertainty, addresses ongoing controversial issues, and proposes a research agenda to address key gaps in knowledge that, when addressed, could improve patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Johansen
- Division of Nephrology, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Division of Nephrology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Pranav S Garimella
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Caitlin W Hicks
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dearbhla M Kelly
- Wolfson Center for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sven Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus, Münster, Germany
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manish M Sood
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A Herzog
- Chronic Disease Research Group, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Division of Cardiology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Cheung
- Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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30
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Altaf F, Wu S, Kasim V. Role of Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Anti-Thrombosis Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:680397. [PMID: 34124160 PMCID: PMC8194080 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.680397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis, a major cause of deaths in this modern era responsible for 31% of all global deaths reported by WHO in 2017, is due to the aggregation of fibrin in blood vessels which leads to myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Classical agents such as anti-platelet, anti-coagulant drugs or other enzymes used for thrombosis treatment at present could leads to unwanted side effects including bleeding complication, hemorrhage and allergy. Furthermore, their high cost is a burden for patients, especially for those from low and middle-income countries. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel and low-cost drugs for thrombosis treatment. Fibrinolytic enzymes, including plasmin like proteins such as proteases, nattokinase, and lumbrokinase, as well as plasminogen activators such as urokinase plasminogen activator, and tissue-type plasminogen activator, could eliminate thrombi with high efficacy rate and do not have significant drawbacks by directly degrading the fibrin. Furthermore, they could be produced with high-yield and in a cost-effective manner from microorganisms as well as other sources. Hence, they have been considered as potential compounds for thrombosis therapy. Herein, we will discuss about natural mechanism of fibrinolysis and thrombus formation, the production of fibrinolytic enzymes from different sources and their application as drugs for thrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Altaf
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Zhou Z, Jardine MJ, Li Q, Neuen BL, Cannon CP, de Zeeuw D, Edwards R, Levin A, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Neal B, Lindley RI. Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021; 52:1545-1556. [PMID: 33874750 PMCID: PMC8078131 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]). CONCLUSIONS Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zien Zhou
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia (Z.Z., M.J.J., Q.L., B.L.N., V.P., B.N.).,Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (Z.Z.)
| | - Meg J Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia (Z.Z., M.J.J., Q.L., B.L.N., V.P., B.N.).,Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia (M.J.J.)
| | - Qiang Li
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia (Z.Z., M.J.J., Q.L., B.L.N., V.P., B.N.)
| | - Brendon L Neuen
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia (Z.Z., M.J.J., Q.L., B.L.N., V.P., B.N.)
| | - Christopher P Cannon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA (C.P.C.)
| | - Dick de Zeeuw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.d.Z.)
| | | | - Adeera Levin
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (A.L.)
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.W.M.)
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia (Z.Z., M.J.J., Q.L., B.L.N., V.P., B.N.).,Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (V.P.)
| | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia (Z.Z., M.J.J., Q.L., B.L.N., V.P., B.N.).,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia (B.N.).,Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (B.N.)
| | - Richard I Lindley
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.I.L.).,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia (R.I.L.)
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Mohsen M, Elberry AA, Mohamed Rabea A, Abdelrahim MEA, Hussein RRS. Saxagliptin and vildagliptin lowered albuminuria in patients with diabetes and hypertension independent on glycaemic control. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13769. [PMID: 33068301 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data illustrated that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors did lower urinary albumin excretion in diabetes-induced rats. We evaluated the effects of saxagliptin and vildagliptin on albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy on top of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade therapy. METHODS This study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and prevalent albuminuria [defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-3000mg/g creatinine] on a stable dose of olmesartan as a standard RAAS blocker for diabetic nephropathy. Patients were assigned to receive either of saxagliptin 5mg/day (n = 40), vildagliptin 100mg/day (n = 40), or traditional antidiabetic therapy as control patients (n = 40) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Each of saxagliptin and vildagliptin significantly reduced albuminuria after 12 weeks, with mean percentage changes (%) of -57.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) -66.1 to -49.8], and -55.2% (95% CI -64.9 to -45.4); P < .001, respectively, compared with the control group. Significantly, saxagliptin shifted higher proportions of patients towards lower albuminuria categories (P < .001) compared with vildagliptin despite a similar UACR rate of changes. Results of binary logistic models confirmed that the change in UACR because saxagliptin was independent of changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), or body weight (overall regression: P = .002, R2 = 0.398) vs control. Likewise, vildagliptin reduced UACR independently on other confounders (overall regression: P = .002, R2 = 0.388). Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between the change in UACR and changes in HbA1c, SBP or eGFR with either saxagliptin or vildagliptin (Pearson coefficients: 0.203, 0.143, -0.190; P > .05, and 0.003, 0.241, 0.019; P > .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS DPP-4 inhibitors, saxagliptin, and vildagliptin, resulted in substantial reductions in albuminuria in patients with T2D and hypertension on top of RAAS blockade after short term therapy independently on glycaemic or hemodynamic changes. Saxagliptin was superior to vildagliptin in albuminuria-categorical shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohsen
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elberry
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Alaa Mohamed Rabea
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E A Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Raghda R S Hussein
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Iwase M, Komorita Y, Ohkuma T, Fujii H, Ide H, Yoshinari M, Oku Y, Higashi T, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Incidence of stroke and its association with glycemic control and lifestyle in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka diabetes registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108518. [PMID: 33096191 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We prospectively investigated the incidence of stroke and its subtypes, risk factors and prognosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 4,875 participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.4 years, male 57%, previous stroke 10%) were investigated for the development of stroke for 5 years. Risk factors were evaluated using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional models. RESULTS The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 6.7 for new-onset stroke (ischemic 5.5, hemorrhagic 1.2) and 22.7 for recurrent stroke (ischemic 18.8, hemorrhagic 3.8), respectively. Ischemic stroke was significantly associated with age, male, reduced regular physical activity, HbA1c, diabetic kidney disease and previous stroke. Lacunar infarction was significantly associated with obesity, reduced regular physical activity, HbA1c and diabetic kidney disease, whereas atherothrombotic stroke was significantly associated with age, reduced intake of dietary fiber, reduced regular physical activity, HbA1c and previous stroke. Recurrent stroke was significantly associated with depressive symptom. Thirty-day and one-year survival was 76% and 64% for hemorrhagic stroke, and 96% and 91% for ischemic stroke, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current study reemphasized the importance of glycemic control and lifestyle modification such as regular physical exercise for stroke prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center and Clinical Research Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center and Clinical Research Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gonçalves IMF, Pessoa MB, Leitão ADS, Godoy GP, Nonaka CFW, Alves PM. Salivary and Serum Biochemical Analysis from Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sprick JD, Nocera JR, Hajjar I, O'Neill WC, Bailey J, Park J. Cerebral blood flow regulation in end-stage kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F782-F791. [PMID: 32985235 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. Hemodialysis (HD), a major modality of renal replacement therapy in ESKD, can cause rapid changes in blood pressure, osmolality, and acid-base balance that collectively present a unique stress to the cerebral vasculature. This review presents an update regarding cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation in CKD and ESKD and how the maintenance of cerebral oxygenation may be compromised during HD. Patients with ESKD exhibit decreased cerebral oxygen delivery due to anemia, despite cerebral hyperperfusion at rest. Cerebral oxygenation further declines during HD due to reductions in CBF, and this may induce cerebral ischemia or "stunning." Intradialytic reductions in CBF are driven by decreases in cerebral perfusion pressure that may be partially opposed by bicarbonate shifts during dialysis. Intradialytic reductions in CBF have been related to several variables that are routinely measured in clinical practice including ultrafiltration rate and blood pressure. However, the role of compensatory cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms during HD remains relatively unexplored. In particular, cerebral autoregulation can oppose reductions in CBF driven by reductions in systemic blood pressure, while cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 may attenuate intradialytic reductions in CBF through promoting cerebral vasodilation. However, whether these mechanisms are effective in ESKD and during HD remain relatively unexplored. Important areas for future work include investigating potential alterations in cerebrovascular regulation in CKD and ESKD and how key regulatory mechanisms are engaged and integrated during HD to modulate intradialytic declines in CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Sprick
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia.,Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - W Charles O'Neill
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Bailey
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeanie Park
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
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36
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Shah B, Jagtap P, Sarmah D, Datta A, Raut S, Sarkar A, Bohra M, Singh U, Baidya F, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Cerebro-renal interaction and stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1279-1299. [PMID: 32979852 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an event causing a disturbance in cerebral function leading to death and disability worldwide. Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanistic approach between impaired renal function and stroke is limitedly explored and has attracted researchers to learn more for developing therapeutic intervention. Common risk factors such as hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, atrial fibrillation, arteriosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, etc. are observed in the general population, but are high in renal failure patients. Also, risk factors like bone mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, and anemia, along with the process of dialysis in CKD patients, eventually increases the risk of stroke. Therefore, early detection of risks associated with stroke in CKD is imperative, which may decrease the mortality associated with it. This review highlights mechanisms by which kidney dysfunction can lead to cerebrovascular events and increase the risk of stroke in renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birva Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Priya Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Swapnil Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ankan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Mariya Bohra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Upasna Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Falguni Baidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
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Akku R, Jayaprakash TP, Ogbue OD, Malhotra P, Khan S. Current Trends Featuring the Bridge Between Stroke and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e9484. [PMID: 32874811 PMCID: PMC7455460 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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38
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Miglinas M, Cesniene U, Janusaite MM, Vinikovas A. Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognition in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:96. [PMID: 32582768 PMCID: PMC7283453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects both brain structure and function. Patients with CKD have a higher risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Age, prior disease history, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, diet, obesity, and sedimentary lifestyle are most common risk factors. Renal-specific pathophysiologic derangements, such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification, anemia, gut dysbiosis, and uremic toxins are important mediators. Dialysis initiation constitutes the highest stroke risk period. CKD significantly worsens stroke outcomes. It is essential to understand the risks and benefits of established stroke therapeutics in patients with CKD, especially in those on dialysis. Subclinical cerebrovascular disease, such as of silent brain infarction, white matter lesions, cerebral microbleeds, and cerebral atrophy are more prevalent with declining renal function. This may lead to functional brain damage manifesting as cognitive impairment. Cognitive dysfunction has been linked to poor compliance with medications, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding the interaction between renal impairment and brain is important in to minimize the risk of neurologic injury in patients with CKD. This article reviews the link between chronic kidney disease and brain abnormalities associated with CKD in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Miglinas
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ugne Cesniene
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marta Monika Janusaite
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Vinikovas
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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39
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Lau WL, Fisher M, Greenia D, Floriolli D, Fletcher E, Singh B, Sajjadi SA, Corrada MM, Whittle C, Kawas C, Paganini-Hill A. Cystatin C, cognition, and brain MRI findings in 90+-year-olds. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:78-84. [PMID: 32473464 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is emerging as a novel risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, but this association remains largely unexplored in older adults. Cystatin C is a more accurate measure than creatinine of kidney function in the elderly. We evaluated cystatin C, cognitive function, and brain imaging in 193 participants from The 90+ Study neuroimaging component. The mean age was 93.9 years; 61% were women. Mean cystatin C was 1.62 mg/L with estimated glomerular filtration rate 39.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Performance on measures of global cognition, executive function, and visual-spatial ability declined at higher tertiles of cystatin C (lower kidney function). Higher cystatin C was significantly associated with infratentorial microbleeds and lower gray matter volume. Adjusted risk of incident dementia was increased in the middle and high cystatin C tertile groups compared with the low group (hazard ratio in highest tertile 3.81 [95% confidence interval 1.14-12.7]), which appeared to be explained in part by the presence of cerebral microbleeds. Overall, cystatin C was associated with cognitive performance, brain imaging pathology, and decline to dementia in this oldest-old cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dana Greenia
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Floriolli
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Imaging of Dementia and Agng Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Baljeet Singh
- Imaging of Dementia and Agng Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Ahmad Sajjadi
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Whittle
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Kawas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annlia Paganini-Hill
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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40
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Zhao Q, Yan T, Chopp M, Venkat P, Chen J. Brain-kidney interaction: Renal dysfunction following ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:246-262. [PMID: 31766979 PMCID: PMC7370616 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19890931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with long-term debilitating effects. Accumulating evidence from experimental studies as well as observational studies in patients suggests a cross talk between the brain and kidney after stroke. Stroke may lead to kidney dysfunction which can adversely impact patient outcome. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology and mechanisms of brain–kidney interaction following ischemic stroke. Specifically, we discuss the role of the central autonomic network, autoregulation, inflammatory and immune responses, the role of extracellular vesicles and their cargo microRNA, in mediating brain–kidney interaction following stroke. Understanding the bidirectional nature of interaction between the brain and kidney after cerebral injury would have clinical implications for the treatment of stroke and overall patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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41
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Bao N, Chen F, Dai D. The Regulation of Host Intestinal Microbiota by Polyphenols in the Development and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2981. [PMID: 31969882 PMCID: PMC6960133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are essential antioxidants in our regular diet, and have shown potential antibacterial effects. Other important biological effects, such as anticancer or antibacterial activities, have been demonstrated by some polyphenols. In recent years, the benefits of polyphenols to human health have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol can inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella to help regulate intestinal microflora. An imbalance of intestinal microflora and the destruction of intestinal barrier function have been found to have a potential relationship with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, they can aberrantly trigger the immune system to cause inflammation, increase the production of uremic toxins, and further worsen the condition of CKD. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microflora and the intestinal tract in a stable and healthy state may be able to "immunize" patients against CKD, and treat pre-existing disease. The use of common antibiotics may lead to drug resistance in pathogens, and thus beneficial polyphenols may be suitable natural substitutes for antibiotics. Herein we review the ability of different polyphenols, such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol, to regulate intestinal microorganisms, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and improve inflammation. In addition, we review the ability of different polyphenols to reduce kidney injury, as described in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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42
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Lee SM, Carlson AH, Onal M, Benkusky NA, Meyer MB, Pike JW. A Control Region Near the Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Gene Mediates Response to Phosphate, 1,25(OH)2D3, and LPS In Vivo. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2877-2891. [PMID: 31599948 PMCID: PMC6850268 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the control of phosphate (P) homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Despite advances, however, molecular details of this gene's regulation remain uncertain. In this report, we created mouse strains in which four epigenetically marked FGF23 regulatory regions were individually deleted from the mouse genome using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, and the consequences of these mutations were then assessed on Fgf23 expression and regulation in vivo. An initial analysis confirmed that bone expression of Fgf23 and circulating intact FGF23 (iFGF23) were strongly influenced by both chronic dietary P treatment and acute injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. However, further analysis revealed that bone Fgf23 expression and iFGF23 could be rapidly upregulated by dietary P within 3 and 6 hours, respectively; this acute upregulation was lost in the FGF23-PKO mouse containing an Fgf23 proximal enhancer deletion but not in the additional enhancer-deleted mice. Of note, prolonged dietary P treatment over several days led to normalization of FGF23 levels in the FGF23-PKO mouse, suggesting added complexity associated with P regulation of FGF23. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 also revealed a similar loss of Fgf23 induction and blood iFGF23 levels in this mouse. Finally, normal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of Fgf23 expression was also compromised in the FGF23-PKO mouse, a result that, together with our previous report, indicates that the action of LPS on Fgf23 expression is mediated by both proximal and distal Fgf23 enhancers. These in vivo data provide key functional insight into the genomic enhancers through which Fgf23 expression is mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alex H Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Correspondence: J. Wesley Pike, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Hector F. Deluca Laboratories, Room 543D, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail:
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43
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Chen C, Li HL, Yi Y, Fan HJ, Chen C. Network pharmacology-based study on the active substances and mechanism of Nao An Capsule in treatment of ischemic stroke. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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