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Grønbæk-Thygesen M, Hartmann-Petersen R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of aspartoacylase and its role in Canavan disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:45. [PMID: 38582917 PMCID: PMC10998430 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Canavan disease is an autosomal recessive and lethal neurological disorder, characterized by the spongy degeneration of the white matter in the brain. The disease is caused by a deficiency of the cytosolic aspartoacylase (ASPA) enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), an abundant brain metabolite, into aspartate and acetate. On the physiological level, the mechanism of pathogenicity remains somewhat obscure, with multiple, not mutually exclusive, suggested hypotheses. At the molecular level, recent studies have shown that most disease linked ASPA gene variants lead to a structural destabilization and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the ASPA protein variants, and accordingly Canavan disease should in general be considered a protein misfolding disorder. Here, we comprehensively summarize the molecular and cell biology of ASPA, with a particular focus on disease-linked gene variants and the pathophysiology of Canavan disease. We highlight the importance of high-throughput technologies and computational prediction tools for making genotype-phenotype predictions as we await the results of ongoing trials with gene therapy for Canavan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grønbæk-Thygesen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200N, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200N, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Vallianatou T, de Souza Anselmo C, Tsiara I, Bèchet NB, Lundgaard I, Globisch D. Identification of New Ketamine Metabolites and Their Detailed Distribution in the Mammalian Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1335-1341. [PMID: 38506562 PMCID: PMC10995950 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a common anesthetic used in human and veterinary medicine. This drug has recently received increased medical and scientific attention due to its indications for neurological diseases. Despite being applied for decades, ketamine's entire metabolism and pharmacological profile have not been elucidated yet. Therefore, insights into the metabolism and brain distribution are important toward identification of neurological effects. Herein, we have investigated ketamine and its metabolites in the pig brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma using mass spectrometric and metabolomics analysis. We discovered previously unknown metabolites and validated their chemical structures. Our comprehensive analysis of the brain distribution of ketamine and 30 metabolites describes significant regional differences detected mainly for phase II metabolites. Elevated levels of these metabolites were identified in brain regions linked to clearance through the cerebrospinal fluid. This study provides the foundation for multidisciplinary studies of ketamine metabolism and the elucidation of neurological effects by ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department
of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina de Souza Anselmo
- Department
of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Tsiara
- Department
of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas B. Bèchet
- Department
of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department
of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department
of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Tsai CY, Liu M, Huang HT, Hsu WH, Kuan YC, Majumdar A, Lee KY, Feng PH, Tseng CH, Chen KY, Kang JH, Lee HC, Wu CJ, Liu WT. Association between air pollutant exposure, body water distribution and sleep disorder indices in individuals with low-arousal-threshold obstructive sleep apnoea. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001802. [PMID: 37940353 PMCID: PMC10632889 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution may alter body water distribution, it may also be linked to low-arousal-threshold obstructive sleep apnoea (low-ArTH OSA). Here, we explored the mediation effects of air pollution on body water distribution and low-ArTH OSA manifestations. METHODS In this retrospective study, we obtained sleep centre data from healthy participants and patients with low-ArTH OSA (N=1924) in northern Taiwan. Air pollutant exposure at different time intervals (1, 3, 6 and 12 months) was estimated using the nearest station estimation method, and government air-quality data were also obtained. Regression models were used to assess the associations of estimated exposure, sleep disorder indices and body water distribution with the risk of low-ArTH OSA. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between air pollution, body water distribution and sleep disorder indices. RESULTS First, exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of ≤10 µm (PM10) for 1 and 3 months and exposure to PM with a diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) for 3 months were significantly associated with the Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), Arousal Index (ArI) and intracellular-to-extracellular water ratio (I-E water ratio). Significant associations were observed between the risk of low-ArTH OSA and 1- month exposure to PM10 (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.84), PM2.5 (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.74) and ozone (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.6). I-E water ratio alternation caused by 1-month exposure to PM10 and 3-month exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 had partial mediation effects on AHI and ODI. CONCLUSION Air pollution can directly increase sleep disorder indices (AHI, ODI and ArI) and alter body water distribution, thus mediating the risk of low-ArTH OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huei-Tyng Huang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wen-Hua Hsu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Kuan
- Sleep Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Tseng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Horng Kang
- Research Center of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Research Center of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Ji J, Ye Y, Sheng L, Sun J, Hong Q, Liu C, Ding J, Geng S, Xu D, Zhang Y, Sun X. Sleep Promotion by 3-Hydroxy-4-Iminobutyric Acid in Walnut Diaphragma juglandis Fructus. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0216. [PMID: 37732131 PMCID: PMC10508226 DOI: 10.34133/research.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep can produce a multitude of deleterious repercussions on various domains of human well-being. Concomitantly, the walnut (Juglans mandshurica) confers numerous salutary biological activities pertaining to sleep. Nevertheless, the sedative and hypnotic capacities of walnut's functional constituents remain obscure. In this investigation, we analyzed the sedative and hypnotic components of the walnut Diaphragma juglandis fructus and innovatively discovered a compound, defined as 3-hydroxy-4-iminobutyric acid (HIBA), which disrupts motor activity and enhances sleep duration by regulating the neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, etc.) within the brain and serum of mice. Subsequently, a metabolomics approach of the serum, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and hippocampus as well as the gut microbiota was undertaken to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep promotion. Our data reveal that HIBA can regulate the metabolism of basal ganglia (sphingolipids, acylcarnitines, etc.), possibly in relation to HIBA's influence on the gut microbiome (Muribaculum, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, etc.). Therefore, we introduce a novel natural product, HIBA, and explicate the modulation of sleep promotion in mice based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study contributes fresh insights toward natural product-based sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 Nongda Dong Road, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region 830052, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Lina Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Chemistry,
Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Shuxiang Geng
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
| | - Deping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, P.R. China
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5
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Ament Z, Patki A, Bhave VM, Chaudhary NS, Garcia Guarniz AL, Kijpaisalratana N, Judd SE, Cushman M, Long DL, Irvin MR, Kimberly WT. Gut microbiota-associated metabolites and risk of ischemic stroke in REGARDS. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1089-1098. [PMID: 36883380 PMCID: PMC10291458 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231162648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Several metabolite markers are independently associated with incident ischemic stroke. However, prior studies have not accounted for intercorrelated metabolite networks. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine if metabolite factors were associated with incident ischemic stroke. Metabolites (n = 162) were measured in a case-control cohort nested in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, which included 1,075 ischemic stroke cases and 968 random cohort participants. Cox models were adjusted for age, gender, race, and age-race interaction (base model) and further adjusted for the Framingham stroke risk factors (fully adjusted model). EFA identified fifteen metabolite factors, each representing a well-defined metabolic pathway. Of these, factor 3, a gut microbiome metabolism factor, was associated with an increased risk of stroke in the base (hazard ratio per one-unit standard deviation, HR = 1.23; 95%CI = 1.15-1.31; P = 1.98 × 10-10) and fully adjusted models (HR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.06-1.21; P = 4.49 × 10-4). The highest tertile had a 45% increased risk relative to the lowest (HR = 1.45; 95%CI = 1.25-1.70; P = 2.24 × 10-6). Factor 3 was also associated with the Southern diet pattern, a dietary pattern previously linked to increased stroke risk in REGARDS (β = 0.11; 95%CI = 0.03-0.18; P = 8.75 × 10-3). These findings highlight the role of diet and gut microbial metabolism in relation to incident ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ament
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Ninad S Chaudhary
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Naruchorn Kijpaisalratana
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Ryan Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Taylor Kimberly
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Lin B, Ye Z, Ye Z, Wang M, Cao Z, Gao R, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota in brain tumors: An emerging crucial player. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:84-97. [PMID: 36627748 PMCID: PMC10314108 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, various roles of the gut microbiota in physiological and pathological conditions have been uncovered. Among the many interacting pathways between the host and gut flora, the gut-brain axis has drawn increasing attention and is generally considered a promising way to understand and treat brain tumors, one of the most lethal neoplasms. In this narrative review, we aimed to unveil and dissect the sophisticated mechanisms by which the gut-brain axis exerts its influence on brain tumors. Furthermore, we summarized the latest research regarding the gastrointestinal microbial landscape and the effect of gut-brain axis malfunction on different brain tumors. Finally, we outlined the ongoing developing approaches of microbial manipulation and their corresponding research related to neuro-malignancies. Collectively, we recapitulated the advances in gut microbial alterations along with their potential interactive mechanisms in brain tumors and encouraged increased efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
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7
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Kaur A, Lin W, Dovhalyuk V, Driutti L, Di Martino ML, Vujasinovic M, Löhr JM, Sellin ME, Globisch D. Chemoselective bicyclobutane-based mass spectrometric detection of biological thiols uncovers human and bacterial metabolites. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5291-5301. [PMID: 37234898 PMCID: PMC10207876 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element of life. Thiol-containing metabolites in all organisms are involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes. Especially, the microbiome produces bioactive metabolites or biological intermediates of this compound class. The analysis of thiol-containing metabolites is challenging due to the lack of specific tools, making these compounds difficult to investigate selectively. We have now developed a new methodology comprising bicyclobutane for chemoselective and irreversible capturing of this metabolite class. We utilized this new chemical biology tool immobilized onto magnetic beads for the investigation of human plasma, fecal samples, and bacterial cultures. Our mass spectrometric investigation detected a broad range of human, dietary and bacterial thiol-containing metabolites and we even captured the reactive sulfur species cysteine persulfide in both fecal and bacterial samples. The described comprehensive methodology represents a new mass spectrometric strategy for the discovery of bioactive thiol-containing metabolites in humans and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Vladyslav Dovhalyuk
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Léna Driutti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Letizia Di Martino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - J-Matthias Löhr
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University 75124 Uppsala Sweden
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8
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Li Y, Yang L, Li J, Gao W, Zhao Z, Dong K, Duan W, Dai B, Guo R. Antidepression of Xingpijieyu formula targets gut microbiota derived from depressive disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:669-681. [PMID: 36550591 PMCID: PMC9873506 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aims to determine the antidepressant role of Xingpijieyu formula (XPJYF) mediated via gut microbiota (GM)-brain axis. METHODS We collected fecal microbiota from patients with depressive disorder (DD) and cultured microbiota in vitro. Some of microbiota were transplanted into germ-free rats with the intragastric administration of XPJYF grain at the dose of 1.533 g/kg/day. The behaviors were studied by forced swimming test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and body weight. Products of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter, and serum cytokines were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of astrocyte, was quantified using immunofluorescence. Microbiota culturing in vitro after XPJYF treatment was analyze by 16 s RNA sequencing technology. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic activated rat primary astrocyte in vitro. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, and oxidative stress factors were determined by western blotting, and glycometabolism in astrocyte was investigated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) kits. RESULTS Microbiota composition during 8 mg/ml of XPJYF (H12-8) for 12 h showed the more consistency. Lactococcus is enriched in DD-derived microbiota composition, and Biffdobacterium and Lactobacillus in H12-8 group. GLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWY and PWY-7328 of which biofunctions were dominantly encoded by Biffdobacterium were the top two of altered pathways. XPJYF improved behaviors and repressed astrocyte activation in depression rats. XPJYF elevated 2-DG uptake, ATP, glucose-1-phosphate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inhibited cytokines and oxidative stress in LPS-induced astrocyte. CONCLUSION XPJYF treatment targets inflammation, activation, and glycometabolim in astrocyte via gut microbiota modulation, thereby improve animal behaviors, HPA axis dysfunction, and neurotransmitter synthesis in depression rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Li
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Junnan Li
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Mental HealthTsinghua University Yuquan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Kaiqiang Dong
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Baoan Dai
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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9
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Guo J, Shi CX, Zhang QQ, Deng W, Zhang LY, Chen Q, Zhang DM, Gong ZJ. Interventions for non-alcoholic liver disease: a gut microbial metabolites perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221138676. [PMID: 36506748 PMCID: PMC9730013 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221138676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Although the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, recent hypotheses placed more emphasis on the crucial role of the gut microbiome and its derivatives. Reportedly, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites (indole and its derivatives), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and endogenous ethanol exhibit sophisticated bioactive properties. These molecules regulate host lipid, glucose, and BAs metabolic homeostasis via modulating nutrient absorption, energy expenditure, inflammation, and the neuroendocrine axis. Consequently, a broad range of research has studied the therapeutic effects of microbiota-derived metabolites. In this review, we explore the interaction of microbial products and NAFLD. We also discuss the regulatory role of existing NAFLD therapies on metabolite levels and investigate the potential of targeting those metabolites to relieve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Gao F, Wei S, Dang L, Gao Y, Gao L, Shang S, Chen C, Huo K, Wang J, Wang J, Qu Q. Sleep disturbance is associated with mild cognitive impairment: a community population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2000. [PMID: 36320021 PMCID: PMC9624002 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is conducive to the elimination of brain metabolites and the recovery of brain function. However, the relationship between sleep disturbance and Mild Cognitive Impairment is not fully been determined. METHODS This was a community population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,443 participants from a village in the suburbs of Xi'an, China were enrolled in 2017. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and sleep disturbance was defined as a PSQI score > 5. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function and Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) was defined as the MMSE score less than cutoff values and meets the diagnostic criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the relationships between sleep disturbance and MCI. RESULTS Among 1,443 subjects, 69(4.78%) had MCI, and 830 (57.52%) had sleep disturbance. In bivariate analysis, MCI was associated with sleep disturbance (ρ = 0.094, P<0.001). In the binary logistic regression, MCI was positively associated with the sleep disturbance (OR = 2.027, 95%CI = 1.112-3.698, P = 0.021). In the internal constitution of PSQI, MCI was negatively associated with the habitual sleep efficiency (OR = 0.447, 95%CI = 0.299-0.669, P < 0.001). Compared with waking up before or at 7 am, waking up after 7 am (OR = 0.555, 95%CI = 0.309-0.995, P = 0.048), or 8 am (OR = 0.296, 95%CI = 0.097-0.902, P = 0.032) was probably more likely to have normal cognition. However, people who slept more than 8 h a day might be more likely to suffer from MCI (OR = 5.560, 95%CI = 1.419-21.789, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance is associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment. However, the causal relationship between them is not clear. It needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Shan Wei
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Gao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Gao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, 710061 Xi’an, China
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Wang Z, Chen G. Insights about circadian clock in glioma: From molecular pathways to therapeutic drugs. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1930-1941. [PMID: 36066207 PMCID: PMC9627379 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized as the most aggressive brain tumor that occurred in the central nervous system. The circadian rhythm is an essential cyclic change system generated by the endogenous circadian clock. Current studies found that the circadian clock affects glioma pathophysiology. It is still controversial whether the circadian rhythm disruption is a cause or an effect of tumorigenesis. This review discussed the association between cell cycle and circadian clock and provided a prominent molecular theoretical basis for tumor therapy. We illustrated the external factors affecting the circadian clock including thermodynamics, hypoxia, post-translation, and microRNA, while the internal characteristics concerning the circadian clock in glioma involve stemness, metabolism, radiotherapy sensitivity, and chemotherapy sensitivity. We also summarized the molecular pathways and the therapeutic drugs involved in the glioma circadian rhythm. There are still many questions in this field waiting for further investigation. The results of glioma chronotherapy in sensitizing radiation therapy and chemotherapy have shown great therapeutic potential in improving clinical outcomes. These findings will help us further understand the characteristics of glioma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina,Institute of Stroke ResearchSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina,Institute of Stroke ResearchSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Morland C, Nordengen K. N-Acetyl-Aspartyl-Glutamate in Brain Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031268. [PMID: 35163193 PMCID: PMC8836185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) is the most abundant dipeptide in the brain, where it acts as a neuromodulator of glutamatergic synapses by activating presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3). Recent data suggest that NAAG is selectively localized to postsynaptic dendrites in glutamatergic synapses and that it works as a retrograde neurotransmitter. NAAG is released in response to glutamate and provides the postsynaptic neuron with a feedback mechanisms to inhibit excessive glutamate signaling. A key regulator of synaptically available NAAG is rapid degradation by the extracellular enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). Increasing endogenous NAAG—for instance by inhibiting GCPII—is a promising treatment option for many brain disorders where glutamatergic excitotoxicity plays a role. The main effect of NAAG occurs through increased mGluR3 activation and thereby reduced glutamate release. In the present review, we summarize the transmitter role of NAAG and discuss the involvement of NAAG in normal brain physiology. We further present the suggested roles of NAAG in various neurological and psychiatric diseases and discuss the therapeutic potential of strategies aiming to enhance NAAG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Morland
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 1068 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (K.N.); Tel.: +47-22844937; (C.M.); +47-23073580 (K.N.)
| | - Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (K.N.); Tel.: +47-22844937; (C.M.); +47-23073580 (K.N.)
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Ishimoto T, Kato Y. Ergothioneine in the brain. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1290-1298. [PMID: 34978075 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a naturally occurring food-derived antioxidant. Despite its extremely hydrophilic properties, ERGO is easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to various organs, including the brain. This is primarily because its entry into brain cells is mediated by the ERGO-specific transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4. Octn1 gene knockout mice do not have ERGO in the brain, due to the absence of OCTN1 in neurons, neural stem cells, and microglia. The existence of OCTN1 and uptake of ERGO into the brain parenchymal cells may suggest that ERGO and its transporter play a pivotal role in brain function. Oral administration of ERGO has antidepressant activities in mice. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of ERGO and ERGO-containing food extract tablets enhance memory function in mice and humans, respectively. ERGO also protects against stress-induced sleep disturbance and neuronal injury induced by amyloid β in rodents. In vitro observations suggest that ERGO benefits brain function through both its antioxidative activity and by promoting neurogenesis and neuronal maturation. This review discusses the possible involvement of ERGO in brain function and its potential therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Vallianatou T, Bèchet NB, Correia MSP, Lundgaard I, Globisch D. Regional Brain Analysis of Modified Amino Acids and Dipeptides during the Sleep/Wake Cycle. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010021. [PMID: 35050142 PMCID: PMC8780251 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a state in which important restorative and anabolic processes occur. Understanding changes of these metabolic processes during the circadian rhythm in the brain is crucial to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms important for sleep function. Investigation of amino acid modifications and dipeptides has recently emerged as a valuable approach in the metabolic profiling of the central nervous system. Nonetheless, very little is known about the effects of sleep on the brain levels of amino acid analogues. In the present study, we examined brain regional sleep-induced alterations selective for modified amino acids and dipeptides using Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomics. Our approach enabled the detection and identification of numerous amino acid-containing metabolites in the cortex, the hippocampus, the midbrain, and the cerebellum. In particular, analogues of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan were significantly altered during sleep in the investigated brain regions. Cortical levels of medium and long chain N-acyl glycines were higher during sleep. Regional specific changes were also detected, especially related to tyrosine analogues in the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Our findings demonstrate a strong correlation between circadian rhythms and amino acid metabolism specific for different brain regions that provide previously unknown insights in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Vallianatou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.V.); (M.S.P.C.)
| | - Nicholas B. Bèchet
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; (N.B.B.); (I.L.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.V.); (M.S.P.C.)
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; (N.B.B.); (I.L.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.V.); (M.S.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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