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Zhang K, Loong SSE, Yuen LZH, Venketasubramanian N, Chin HL, Lai PS, Tan BYQ. Genetics in Ischemic Stroke: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:495. [PMID: 38132662 PMCID: PMC10743455 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent advancements have explored genetics in relation to various aspects of ischemic stroke, including the alteration of individual stroke occurrence risk, modulation of treatment response, and effectiveness of post-stroke functional recovery. This article aims to review the recent findings from genetic studies related to various clinical and molecular aspects of ischemic stroke. The potential clinical applications of these genetic insights in stratifying stroke risk, guiding personalized therapy, and identifying new therapeutic targets are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Zhang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Shaun S. E. Loong
- Cardiovascular-Metabolic Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Linus Z. H. Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Hui-Lin Chin
- Khoo Teck Puat National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Benjamin Y. Q. Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Wang J, Zhu M, Sun J, Feng L, Yang M, Sun B, Mao L. Gene therapy of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3725-3740. [PMID: 37551863 PMCID: PMC10651967 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke has been associated with devastating clinical outcomes, with current treatment strategies proving largely ineffective. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative treatment options for addressing post-stroke functional deficits. Gene therapy utilizing adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as a critical gene vector delivering genes to the central nervous system (CNS) gene delivery has emerged as a promising approach for treating various CNS diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the biological characteristics of AAV vectors and the therapeutic advancements observed in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. The study further investigates the potential of manipulating AAV vectors in preclinical applications, emphasizing the challenges and prospects in the selection of viral vectors, drug delivery strategies, immune reactions, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Mengna Zhu
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Spinal SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lina Feng
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Baoliang Sun
- Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Leilei Mao
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
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Srakočić S, Gorup D, Kutlić D, Petrović A, Tarabykin V, Gajović S. Reactivation of corticogenesis-related transcriptional factors BCL11B and SATB2 after ischemic lesion of the adult mouse brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8539. [PMID: 37237015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize expression of corticogenesis-related transcription factors BCL11B and SATB2 after brain ischemic lesion in the adult mice, and to analyze their correlation to the subsequent brain recovery. Ischemic brain lesion was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion, and the animals with ischemic lesion were compared to the sham controls. Progression of the brain damage and subsequent recovery was longitudinally monitored structurally, by magnetic resonance imaging, and functionally, by neurological deficit assessment. Seven days after the ischemic injury the brains were isolated and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed higher expression in the brain of both, BCL11B and SATB2 in the animals with ischemic lesion compared to the sham controls. The co-expression of both markers, BCL11B and SATB2, increased in the ischemic brains, as well as the co-expression of BCL11B with the beneficial transcriptional factor ATF3 but not its co-expression with detrimental HDAC2. BCL11B was mainly implicated in the ipsilateral and SATB2 in the contralateral brain hemisphere, and their level in these regions correlated with the functional recovery rate. The results indicate that the reactivation of corticogenesis-related transcription factors BCL11B and SATB2 is beneficial after brain ischemic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Srakočić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Gorup
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Universität Zürich, Universitätspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Kutlić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Petrović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Pr. Gagarina 24, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Mehta SL, Chokkalla AK, Bathula S, Arruri V, Chelluboina B, Vemuganti R. CDR1as regulates α-synuclein-mediated ischemic brain damage by controlling miR-7 availability. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 31:57-67. [PMID: 36618263 PMCID: PMC9800254 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient focal ischemia decreased microRNA-7 (miR-7) levels, leading to derepression of its major target α-synuclein (α-Syn) that promotes secondary brain damage. Circular RNA CDR1as is known to regulate miR-7 abundance and function. Hence, we currently evaluated its functional significance after focal ischemia. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult mice significantly downregulated both CDR1as and miR-7 levels in the peri-infarct cortex between 3 and 72 h of reperfusion. Interestingly, neither pri-miR-7a nor 7b was altered in the ischemic brain. Intracerebral injection of an AAV9 vector containing a CDR1as gene significantly increased CDR1as levels by 21 days that persisted up to 4 months without inducing any observable toxicity in both sham and MCAO groups. Following transient MCAO, there was a significant increase in miR-7 levels and CDR1as binding to Ago2/miR-7 in the peri-infarct cortex of AAV9-CDR1as cohort compared with AAV9-Control cohort at 1 day of reperfusion. CDR1as overexpression significantly suppressed post-stroke α-Syn protein induction, promoted motor function recovery, decreased infarct size, and curtailed the markers of apoptosis, autophagy mitochondrial fragmentation, and inflammation in the post-stroke brain compared with AAV9-Control-treated cohort. Overall, our findings imply that CDR1as reconstitution is neuroprotective after stroke, probably by protecting miR-7 and preventing α-Syn-mediated neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L. Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA,Corresponding author Suresh L Mehta, PhD, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Anil K. Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Sternak M, Glasnović A, Josić P, Romić D, Gajović S. The effects of splenectomy in murine models of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:233. [PMID: 36151564 PMCID: PMC9508771 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spleen, a substantial reservoir of non-differentiated monocytes, may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of post-ischemic inflammation and influence outcomes after ischemic stroke.
Aim of the study To analyze splenectomy as a preclinical intervention in murine models of ischemic stroke. Methods Following systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, a qualitative synthesis of study characteristics was performed, and the effect of splenectomy estimated by a three-level random-effects meta-analysis of infarct volumes and a conventional two-level random-effects meta-analysis of neurological deficit scores. Results Database searches identified a total of 14 studies, 13 of which were used for meta-analysis. The ischemic lesion volumes were reduced in splenectomized animals compared to the control groups (difference in standardized mean differences: − 1.42; 95% CI [− 1.98, − 0.85]; 95% PI [− 2.03, − 0.80]; I2(2) = 19.04%; 95% CI [0.00%, 65.49%]; I2(3) = 47.24%; 95% CI [0.00%, 85.23%]) and neurological deficit scores were improved (− 1.20; 95% CI [− 2.20, − 0.20]; 95% PI [− 4.58, 2.18]; I2 = 77.5%; 95% CI [50.0%, 89.9%]). A subgroup analysis for infarct volumes showed that splenectomy performed prior to ischemia achieved a higher reduction of the ischemic lesion than when splenectomy was performed immediately prior or after stroke. Although the overall effect size of splenectomy could be classified as large, there was a significant presence of risks of bias, study heterogeneity, and a potential presence of publication bias. Conclusion Despite limitations related to heterogeneity, risks of bias, and potential publication bias, this meta-analysis points to the spleen and its functional cell populations as promising targets for the therapeutic modulation of post-stroke inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02593-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Sternak
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anton Glasnović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Josić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Romić
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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