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Li S, Chen C, Lof J, Stolze EA, Sklenar J, Chen X, Pacella JJ, Villanueva FS, Matsunaga TO, Everbach EC, Radio SJ, Westphal S, Xie F, Leng X, Porter TR. Effect of Ambient Conditions on Acoustic Activation of the Perfluoropropane Droplets Within the Infarct Zone. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:1232-1239. [PMID: 38760280 PMCID: PMC11189723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acoustically activated perfluoropropane droplets (PD) formulated from lipid encapsulated microbubble preparations produce a delayed myocardial contrast enhancement that preferentially highlights the infarct zones (IZ). Since activation of PDs may be temperature sensitive, it is unclear what effect body temperature (BT) has on acoustic activation (AA). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the microvascular retention and degree of myocardial contrast intensity (MCI) would be affected by BT at the time of intravenous injection. METHODS We administered intravenous (IV) PD in nine rats following 60 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Injections in these rats were given at temperatures above and below 36.5°C, with high MI activation in both groups at 3 or 6 min following IV injection (IVI). In six additional rats (three in each group), IV PDs were given only at one temperature (<36.5°C or ≥36.5°C), permitting a total of 12 comparisons of different BT. Differences in background subtracted MCI at 3-6 min post-injection were compared in the infarct zone (IZ) and remote zone (RZ). Post-mortem lung hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to assess the effect potential thermal activation on lung tissue. RESULTS Selective MCI within the IZ was observed in 8 of 12 rats who received IVI of PDs at <36.5°C, but none of the 12 rats who had IVI at the higher temperature (p < 0.0001). Absolute MCI following droplet activation was significantly higher in both the IZ and RZ when given at the lower BT. H&E indicated significant red blood extravasation in 5/7 rats who had had IV injections at higher BT, and 0/7 rats who had IV PDs at <36.5°C. CONCLUSIONS Selective IZ enhancement with AA of intravenous PDs is possible, but temperature sensitive. Thermal activation appears to occur when PDs are given at higher temperatures, preventing AA, and increasing unwanted bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqiang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Lof
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stolze
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Xucai Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John J Pacella
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Terry O Matsunaga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E Carr Everbach
- Department of Engineering, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Stanley J Radio
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sherry Westphal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Feng Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoping Leng
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Thomas R Porter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Zhu Y, de Castro L, Cooper RL. Effect of temperature change on synaptic transmission at crayfish neuromuscular junctions. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio037820. [PMID: 30404904 PMCID: PMC6310894 DOI: 10.1242/bio.037820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectothermic animals in areas characterised by seasonal changes are susceptible to extreme fluctuations in temperature. To survive through varied temperatures, ectotherms have developed unique strategies. This study focuses on synaptic transmission function at cold temperatures, as it is a vital component of ectothermic animals' survival. For determining how synaptic transmission is influenced by an acute change in temperature (20°C to 10°C within a minute) and chronic cold (10°C), the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was used as a model. To simulate chronic cold conditions, crayfish were acclimated to 15°C for 1 week and then to 10°C for 1 week. They were then used to examine the synaptic properties associated with the low output nerve terminals on the opener muscle in the walking legs and high output innervation on the abdominal deep extensor muscle. The excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of the opener NMJs increased in amplitude with acute warming (20°C) after being acclimated to cold; however, the deep extensor muscles showed varied changes in EPSP amplitude. Synaptic transmission at both NMJs was enhanced with exposure to the modulators serotonin or octopamine. The membrane resistance of the muscles decreased 33% and the resting membrane potential hyperpolarised upon warm exposure. Analysis of haemolymph indicated that octopamine increases during cold exposure. These results suggest bioamine modulation as a possible mechanism for ensuring that synaptic transmission remains functional at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
| | - Leo de Castro
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), 50 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robin Lewis Cooper
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
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Mendibil A, Jost D, Thiry A, Garcia D, Trichereau J, Frattini B, Dang-Minh P, Maurin O, Margerin S, Domanski L, Tourtier JP. Laboratory study on the kinetics of the warming of cold fluids-A hot topic. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2016; 35:337-342. [PMID: 27157476 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In case of mild therapeutic hypothermia after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, several techniques could limit the cold fluid rewarming during its perfusion. We aimed to evaluate cold fluid temperature evolution and to identify the factors responsible for rewarming in order to suggest a prediction model of temperature evolution. EQUIPMENT AND METHODS This was a laboratory experimental study. We measured temperature at the end of the infusion line tubes (ILT). A 500ml saline bag at 4°C was administered at 15 and 30ml/min, with and without cold packs applied to the cold fluid bag or to the ILT. Cold fluid temperature was integrated in a linear mixed model. Then we performed a mathematical modelization of the thermal transfer across the ILT. RESULTS The linear mixed model showed that the mean temperature of the cold fluid was 1°C higher (CI 95%: [0.8-1.2]) with an outflow rate of 15 versus 30ml/min (P<0.001). Similarly, the mean temperature of the cold fluid was 0.7°C higher (CI 95%: [0.53-0.9]) without cold pack versus with cold packs (P<0.001). Mathematical modelization of the thermal transfer across the ILT suggested that the cold fluid warming could be reduced by a shorter and a wider ILT. As expected, use of CP has also a noticeable influence on warning reduction. The combination of multiple parameters working against the rewarming of the solution should enable the infusion of a solute with retained caloric properties. CONCLUSIONS By limiting this "ILT effect," the volume required for inducing mild therapeutic hypothermia could be reduced, leading to a safer and a more efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mendibil
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Jost
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Thiry
- Fire engineering section, Physics and fire engineering division at the Central Laboratory of the Prefecture of Police of Paris (LCPP), 39 bis, rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Garcia
- Fire engineering section, Physics and fire engineering division at the Central Laboratory of the Prefecture of Police of Paris (LCPP), 39 bis, rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julie Trichereau
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Frattini
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Dang-Minh
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Olga Maurin
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Margerin
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BPIB, BSPP, 1, avenue Guy Moquet, 94460 Valenton, France
| | - Laurent Domanski
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Tourtier
- Paris Fire Brigade Emergency Medical Department, BMU, BSPP, 1, place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
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