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Arcanjo A, Pinto KG, Logullo J, Leite PEC, Menezes CCB, Freire-de-Lima L, Diniz-Lima I, Decoté-Ricardo D, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Freire-de-Lima CG, Filardy AA, Lima-Junior JDC, Bertho AL, De Luca PM, Granjeiro JM, Barroso SPC, Conceição-Silva F, Savino W, Morrot A. Critically ill COVID-19 patients exhibit hyperactive cytokine responses associated with effector exhausted senescent T cells in acute infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1672-1683. [PMID: 34427670 PMCID: PMC8513399 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 can progress to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and is aggravated by the deregulation of the immune system causing an excessive inflammation including the cytokine storm. We herein report that severe acutely infected patients have high levels of both type-1 and type-2 cytokines. Our results show abnormal cytokine levels upon T cell stimulation, in a non-polarized profile. Furthermore, our findings indicate that this hyperactive cytokine response is associated with a significantly increased frequency of late-differentiated T cells with particular phenotype of effector exhausted/senescent CD28 -CD57 + cells. Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time an increased frequency of CD3 +CD4 +CD28 -CD57 + T cells with expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1), one of the hallmarks of T cell exhaustion. These findings reveal that COVID-19 is associated with acute immunodeficiency, especially within the CD4 + T cell compartment and points to possible mechanisms of loss of clonal repertoire and susceptibility to viral relapse and reinfection events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Arcanjo
- Medical Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jorgete Logullo
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences - Dimav, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Israel Diniz-Lima
- Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora Decoté-Ricardo
- Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Mello De Luca
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences - Dimav, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.,Dental School, Fluminense Federal University - UFF, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Research, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Navy of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gong H, Sheng X, Xue J, Zhu D. Expression and role of TNIP2 in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following severe trauma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2906-2912. [PMID: 30720079 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe trauma can result in secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Inflammation response and oxidative stress promote the occurrence and development of MODS. TNFAIP3‑interacting protein 2 (TNIP2), which can repress the activation of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and may be involved in MODS progression, has not been studied in regards to MODS. The present study aimed to investigate the expression, role and mechanism of TNIP2 in MODS following severe trauma. The expression level of TNIP2 was initially detected in the blood of patients with MODS using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Then, to investigate the role of TNIP2 in MODS, a MODS rat model was conducted by trauma and the model rats were treated with TNIP2‑plasmid (intraperitoneal injection). Blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine (Cr) and creatine kinase (CK); and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), high‑mobility group box 1 (HMGB‑1), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the different groups were assessed. In addition, activation of NF‑κB was assessed by detecting the level of phospho‑p65. The results showed that TNIP2 was significantly decreased in the blood of patients with MODS. TNIP2 was also significantly downregulated in the blood and the pulmonary, renal and hepatic tissues of MODS rats. The levels of ALT, AST, LDH, BUN, Cr and CK were markedly increased in the blood of MODS rats, and these increases were inhibited by TNIP2‑plasmid administration. Moreover, blood levels of TNF‑α, HMGB‑1 and MDA were significantly increased in MODS rats, while TAC was notably decreased, and these changes were prevented by TNIP2‑plasmid administration. Furthermore, it was found that activation of NF‑κB induced by MODS was eliminated by TNIP2‑plasmid. In conclusion, the data indicated that TNIP2 is significantly decreased in MODS following severe trauma, and it plays a protective role in MODS development by inhibiting the inflammation response and oxidative stress by preventing NF‑κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Sheng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Zhu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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