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Matsumura Y, Watanabe R, Fujimoto M. Suppressive mechanisms of regulatory B cells in mice and humans. Int Immunol 2022; 35:55-65. [PMID: 36153768 PMCID: PMC9918854 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells include immune-suppressive fractions, called regulatory B cells (Bregs), which regulate inflammation primarily through an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-mediated inhibitory mechanism. Several B-cell fractions have been reported as IL-10-producing Bregs in murine disease models and human inflammatory responses including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and organ-transplant rejection. Although the suppressive functions of Bregs have been explored through the hallmark molecule IL-10, inhibitory cytokines and membrane-binding molecules other than IL-10 have also been demonstrated to contribute to Breg activities. Transcription factors and surface antigens that are characteristically expressed in Bregs are also being elucidated. Nevertheless, defining Bregs is still challenging because their active periods and differentiation stages vary among disease models. The identity of the diverse Breg fractions is also under debate. In the first place, since regulatory functions of Bregs are mostly evaluated by ex vivo stimulation, the actual in vivo phenotypes and functions may not be reflected by the ex vivo observations. In this article, we provide a historical overview of studies that established the characteristics of Bregs and review the various suppressive mechanisms that have been reported to be used by Bregs in murine and human disease conditions. We are only part-way through but the common phenotypes and functions of Bregs are still emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan,Department of Integrative Medicine for Allergic and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Lomakin YA, Zvyagin IV, Ovchinnikova LA, Kabilov MR, Staroverov DB, Mikelov A, Tupikin AE, Zakharova MY, Bykova NA, Mukhina VS, Favorov AV, Ivanova M, Simaniv T, Rubtsov YP, Chudakov DM, Zakharova MN, Illarioshkin SN, Belogurov AA, Gabibov AG. Deconvolution of B cell receptor repertoire in multiple sclerosis patients revealed a delay in tBreg maturation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:803229. [PMID: 36052064 PMCID: PMC9425031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.803229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundB lymphocytes play a pivotal regulatory role in the development of the immune response. It was previously shown that deficiency in B regulatory cells (Bregs) or a decrease in their anti-inflammatory activity can lead to immunological dysfunctions. However, the exact mechanisms of Bregs development and functioning are only partially resolved. For instance, only a little is known about the structure of their B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), a severe neuroinflammatory disease with a yet unknown etiology. Here, we elucidate specific properties of B regulatory cells in MS.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of the transitional Breg (tBreg) subpopulations with the CD19+CD24highCD38high phenotype from MS patients and healthy donors by (i) measuring their content during two diverging courses of relapsing-remitting MS: benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) and highly active multiple sclerosis (HAMS); (ii) analyzing BCR repertoires of circulating B cells by high-throughput sequencing; and (iii) measuring the percentage of CD27+ cells in tBregs.ResultsThe tBregs from HAMS patients carry the heavy chain with a lower amount of hypermutations than tBregs from healthy donors. The percentage of transitional CD24highCD38high B cells is elevated, whereas the frequency of differentiated CD27+ cells in this transitional B cell subset was decreased in the MS patients as compared with healthy donors.ConclusionsImpaired maturation of regulatory B cells is associated with MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov A. Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Leyla A. Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marsel R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy B. Staroverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Mikelov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey E. Tupikin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Y. Zakharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda A. Bykova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S. Mukhina
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Favorov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Quantitative Sciences Division, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Ivanova
- Neuroinfection Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras Simaniv
- Neuroinfection Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy M. Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria N. Zakharova
- Neuroinfection Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Alexey A. Belogurov Jr., ; Alexander G. Gabibov,
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Life Sciences, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Alexey A. Belogurov Jr., ; Alexander G. Gabibov,
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Xiang W, Xie C, Guan Y. The identification, development and therapeutic potential of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 354:577520. [PMID: 33684831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells are a rare B-cell subset widely known to exert their immunosuppressive function via the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and other mechanisms. B10 cells are a special subset of regulatory B cells with immunoregulatory function that is fully attributed to IL-10. Their unique roles in the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described, as well as their relevance in MS patients. This review specifically focuses on the identification and development of B10 cells, the signals that promote IL-10 production in B cells, the roles of B10 cells in MS, and the potential and major challenges of the application of B10-based therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Cencioni MT, Ali R, Nicholas R, Muraro PA. Defective CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional B-cell function in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1187-1197. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458520951536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by central nervous system (CNS) infiltration of T and B cells, excess inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and failure of immune regulation. CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells producing interleukin (IL)-10 have been shown to suppress interferon-γ (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production by CD4+ T cells and to be dysfunctional in autoimmune arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Objective: We hypothesized that transitional B-cell-dependent immune regulation could be defective in MS and examined their function in healthy subjects and patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: A total of 62 healthy donors and 21 RRMS subjects donated peripheral blood for the study. IL-10-producing B cells, IFNγ and TNFα-producing T cells and proliferating T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: In healthy individuals, CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells produce more IL-10 than CD19+CD24+CD38+ naive and CD19+CD24hiCD38− memory B cells and are able to suppress CD4+ T-cell proliferation and IFNγ and TNFα-production. In subjects with RRMS, CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells produce significantly less IL-10 and to fail to suppress effector T-cell function. Conclusion: CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells physiologically represent the most potent regulatory B-cell subset and are functionally defective in patients with RRMS, an abnormality that may contribute to the immune pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Cencioni
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rehiana Ali
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK/Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wu H, Su Z, Barnie PA. The role of B regulatory (B10) cells in inflammatory disorders and their potential as therapeutic targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106111. [PMID: 31881524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, studies have identified subset of B cells, which play suppressive functions in additions to the conventional functions of B cells: antigen processing and presentation, activation of T cells and antibody productions. Because of their regulatory function, they were named as B regulatory cells (Bregs). Bregs restrict the severity of autoimmune disorders in animal disease models such as experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) but can contribute to the development of infection and cancer. In humans, the roles of B regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases have not been clearly established because of the inconsistent findings from many researchers. This is believed to arise from the speculated fact that Bregs lack specific marker, which can be used to identify and characterize them in human diseases. The CD19+CD24hiCD38hiCD1dhiB cells have been associated with the regulatory function. Available evidences highlight the relevance of increasing IL-10-producing B cells in autoimmune diseases and the possibility of serving as new therapeutic targets in inflammatory disorders. This review empanels the functions of Bregs in autoimmune diseases in both human and animal models, and further evaluates the possibility of Bregs as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disorders. Consequently, this might help identify possible research gaps, which need to be clarified as researchers speculate the possibility of targeting some subsets of Bregs in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wu
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Prince Amoah Barnie
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
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Regulatory B and T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: friends or foes? AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2018; 9:9. [PMID: 30415321 PMCID: PMC6230324 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-018-0109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical experience with immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies in principle has established the benefit of depleting lymphocytic populations in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). B and T cells may exert multiple pro-inflammatory actions, but also possess regulatory functions making their role in RRMS pathogenesis much more complex. There is no clear correlation of Tregs and Bregs with clinical features of the disease. Herein, we discuss the emerging data on regulatory T and B cell subset distributions in MS and their roles in the pathophysiology of MS and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In addition, we summarize the immunomodulatory properties of certain MS therapeutic agents through their effect on such regulatory cell subsets and their relevance to clinical outcomes.
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