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Liu X, Zhu H, Guo B, Chen J, Zhang J, Wang T, Zhang J, Shan W, Zou J, Cao Y, Wei B, Zhan L. NLRC5 promotes endometrial carcinoma progression by regulating NF-κB pathway-mediated mismatch repair gene deficiency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12447. [PMID: 38822039 PMCID: PMC11143240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune molecule NLR family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) plays a significant role in endometrial carcinoma (EC) immunosurveillance. However, NLRC5 also plays a protumor role in EC cells. Mismatch repair gene deficiency (dMMR) can enable tumors to grow faster and also can exhibit high sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we attempted to determine whether NLRC5-mediated protumor role in EC is via the regulation of dMMR. Our findings revealed that NLRC5 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of EC cells and induced the dMMR status of EC in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying NLRC5 regulated dMMR was also verified. We first found NLRC5 could suppress nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway in EC cells. Then we validated that the positive effect of NLRC5 in dMMR was restricted when NF-κB was activated by lipopolysaccharides in NLRC5-overexpression EC cell lines. In conclusion, our present study confirmed the novel NLRC5/NF-κB/MMR regulatory mechanism of the protumor effect of NLRC5 on EC cells, thereby suggesting that the NLRC5-mediated protumor in EC was depend on the function of MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Haiqing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Bao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Junchi Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Wen M, Li Y, Qin X, Qin B, Wang Q. Insight into Cancer Immunity: MHCs, Immune Cells and Commensal Microbiota. Cells 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37508545 PMCID: PMC10378520 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance via diverse strategies. In accordance, a large number of complex studies of the immune system focusing on tumor cell recognition have revealed new insights and strategies developed, largely through major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). As one of them, tumor-specific MHC-II expression (tsMHC-II) can facilitate immune surveillance to detect tumor antigens, and thereby has been used in immunotherapy, including superior cancer prognosis, clinical sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy and tumor-bearing rejection in mice. NK cells play a unique role in enhancing innate immune responses, accounting for part of the response including immunosurveillance and immunoregulation. NK cells are also capable of initiating the response of the adaptive immune system to cancer immunotherapy independent of cytotoxic T cells, clearly demonstrating a link between NK cell function and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Eosinophils were shown to feature pleiotropic activities against a variety of solid tumor types, including direct interactions with tumor cells, and accessorily affect immunotherapeutic response through intricating cross-talk with lymphocytes. Additionally, microbial sequencing and reconstitution revealed that commensal microbiota might be involved in the modulation of cancer progression, including positive and negative regulatory bacteria. They may play functional roles in not only mucosal modulation, but also systemic immune responses. Here, we present a panorama of the cancer immune network mediated by MHCI/II molecules, immune cells and commensal microbiota and a discussion of prospective relevant intervening mechanisms involved in cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Wen
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingjing Li
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaonan Qin
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Qin
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ni Z, Dawa Z, Suolang D, Pingcuo Q, Langga Z, Quzhen P, Deji Z. Platycodin D inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of endometrial cancer cells by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via ADRA2A upregulation. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:136. [PMID: 36909368 PMCID: PMC9996608 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a complex disease that affects the reproductive health of females worldwide. Platycodin D (PD) is known to exert numerous anticancer effects, markedly inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest in several types of cancer. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of PD in EC cells. The viability and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and RL95-2 EC cells following treatment with PD were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8, MTT and colony formation assays. Wound healing and Transwell assays were also performed to assess the migration and invasion of EC cells following treatment with PD. The expression levels of α2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting assays with and without PD treatment and following transfection with short hairpin (sh) RNAs targeting ADRA2A2. Moreover, western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression levels of Ki67, PCNA, MMP2 and MMP9 and the phosphorylation of proteins of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that treatment with PD markedly decreased the proliferation, invasion and migration of EC cells, and reduced activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC cells. Moreover, transfection with sh-ADRA2A attenuated the effects of PD. ADRA2A expression was downregulated in EC cells compared with ESCs, and ADRA2A expression was elevated in EC cells following treatment with PD. In conclusion, the present study indicates that PD blocked the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via the upregulation of ADRA2A expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and migration of EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ni
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of The Tibetan Military Region of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoma Dawa
- Basic Department, Medical College of Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
| | - Deji Suolang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, The People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
| | - Quzhen Pingcuo
- Department of Digestive System, The People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoma Langga
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of The Tibetan Military Region of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
| | - Pingcuo Quzhen
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of The Tibetan Military Region of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoga Deji
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, P.R. China
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An Integrative Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Genomes Unraveled Unique Processes Driving a Viral-Positive Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041243. [PMID: 36831585 PMCID: PMC9953764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of few viral-positive cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is extremely rare across the world but very frequent in several regions of the world, including Southern China (known as the Cantonese cancer). Even though several genomic studies have been conducted for NPC, their sample sizes are relatively small and systematic comparison with other cancer types has not been explored. In this study, we collected four-hundred-thirty-one samples from six previous studies and provided the first integrative analysis of NPC genomes. Combining several statistical methods for detecting driver genes, we identified 25 novel drivers for NPC, including ATG14 and NLRC5. Many of these novel drivers are enriched in several important pathways, such as autophagy and immunity. By comparing NPC with many other cancer types, we found NPC is a unique cancer type in which a high proportion of patients (45.2%) do not have any known driver mutations (termed as "missing driver events") but have a preponderance of deletion events, including chromosome 3p deletion. Through signature analysis, we identified many known and novel signatures, including single-base signatures (n = 12), double-base signatures (n = 1), indel signatures (n = 9) and copy number signatures (n = 8). Many of these new signatures are involved in DNA repair and have unknown etiology and genome instability, implying an unprecedented dynamic mutational process possibly driven by complex interactions between viral and host genomes. By combining clinical, molecular and intra-tumor heterogeneity features, we constructed the first integrative survival model for NPC, providing a strong basis for patient prognosis and stratification. Taken together, we have performed one of the first integrative analyses of NPC genomes and brought unique genomic insights into tumorigenesis of a viral-driven cancer.
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Lin L, Gao Y, Hu X, Ouyang J, Liu C. Pentamidine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in endometrial cancer via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:470. [PMID: 36434592 PMCID: PMC9700983 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentamidine has been reported to have many pharmacological effects including anti- protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Pentamidine and molecular mechanisms of Pentamidine on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway underlying the anti-tumor properties in endometrial cancer. METHODS Our study was carried out in the central laboratory of Harbin Medical University from 2019 to 2021. Human endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A were treated with Pentamidine. The proliferation ability of cells was investigated by MTS and colony formation assays. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by using the wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blotting was performed to measure the levels of AKT, p-AKT, MMP-2, and MMP-9. RESULTS Our results revealed that treatment of Pentamidine inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of Ishikawa and HEC-1A endometrial cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation showed that Pentamidine inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and also reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, co-treatment with PI3K kinase inhibitor LY294002 and Pentamidine leaded to increased repression of cell viability and the protein expression of p-AKT in Ishikawa cells. CONCLUSIONS Pentamidine suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells. These findings suggested that Pentamidine might be a potential candidate for treating EC through PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunan Gao
- grid.411491.8Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin city, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Ouyang
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin city, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Liu
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin city, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Fan M, Dong L, Meng Y, Wang Y, Zhen J, Qiu J. Leptin Promotes HTR-8/SVneo Cell Invasion via the Crosstalk between MTA1/WNT and PI3K/AKT Pathways. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7052176. [PMID: 36457544 PMCID: PMC9708374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7052176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The process of placental invasion is essential for a successful pregnancy. Leptin is involved in trophoblast invasiveness, and its dysregulation is connected with a series of diseases, including preeclampsia. However, the knowledge of the precise mechanisms in leptin-induced trophoblast invasiveness is still limited. According to the present research, transwell assay suggested that leptin is a dose- and time-dependent regulator in inducing HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed that leptin-induced MMP9 expression is essential in the invasion process of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that leptin activated β-catenin via the crosstalk between the MTA1/WNT and PI3K/AKT pathways. Besides, we showed that downregulating the key molecules in the signaling pathways by siRNA can inhibit leptin-induced MMP9 expression and further suppress invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, our study revealed a new regulatory mechanism of leptin-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell invasiveness and will provide novel insights into the causes and potential therapeutic targets for diseases related to dysregulation of trophoblast invasion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanping Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Jianqing Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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Liang S, Xiang T, Liu S, Xiang W. Inhibition of NLRC5 attenuates the malignant growth and enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5‑FU chemotherapy by blocking the carcinogenic effect of YY1. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:601. [PMID: 35949331 PMCID: PMC9353549 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the commonest malignant tumors of the digestive system, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. It has been reported that NOD like receptor (NLR) family, CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) serves an important role in the occurrence and development of GC. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the role of NLRC5 in GC. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRC5 in GC cell lines were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, following NLRC5 knockdown, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, and western blot analysis. The NLRC and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expression in the AGS cells with 5-FU resistance were detected by western blotting. The sensitivity of GC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was detected by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Additionally, the binding capacity of YY1 on NLRC5 promoter was predicted using JASPAR database and it was further verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of NLRC5 on GC, YY1 was overexpressed and NLRC5 was silenced in GC cell lines. The results showed that NLRC5 was abnormally upregulated in GC cells. In addition, NLRC5 knockdown significantly attenuated the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of GC cells, while it enhanced the sensitivity of GC cells to 5-FU. The above effects were regulated by the YY1 transcription factor. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that NLRC5 silencing could reduce the malignant growth and enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to 5-FU chemotherapy via inhibiting the carcinogenic effect of YY1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xiang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, P.R. China
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Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder in Endometrial Cancer through Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8330926. [PMID: 35774749 PMCID: PMC9239783 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8330926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system. Current treatments such as surgery and long-term hormone therapy are ineffective and have side effects. Danzhi Xiaoyao powder (DXP) can inhibit the growth of EC cells and induce apoptosis, but the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of anticancer effects are still unclear. In this study, active components and potential targets of DXP were obtained from public databases. Protein effects and regulatory pathways of common targets were analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI), GO and KEGG. The results of network pharmacology showed that there are 87 common targets between EC and DXP. GO enrichment analysis showed that these targets were associated with response to oxidative stress, response to nutrient levels, hormone receptor binding and nuclear hormone receptor binding, etc. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that IL-17, TNF, PI3K/AKT, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (ERK) signaling pathway were enriched in the anti-EC of DXP. Additionally, we cultured HEC-1B and KLE cells for validate experiments. DXP showed an inhibition of proliferation, migration, and cell cycle of both cells. Moreover, the expression of RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK, ERK, and p-ERK related proteins were downregulated. In conclusion, DXP might inhibit the proliferation of EC cells via apoptosis. Furthermore, DXP-induced inhibition of EC development might involve RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway.
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Xia T, Guo J, Zhang B, Song C, Zhao Q, Cui B, Liu Y. Bisphenol A Promotes the Progression of Colon Cancer Through Dual-Targeting of NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondrial Electron-Transport Chain to Produce ROS and Activating HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:933051. [PMID: 35860704 PMCID: PMC9289207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.933051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume industrial chemical. Despite recent research conducted on its carcinogenicity, its role in the development of colon cancer (CC) has been rarely studied. This study aims to evaluate the effects of BPA on the migration and invasion of CC cells. First, we clinically verified that patients with CC exhibit higher serum BPA level than healthy donors. Subsequently, different CC cell lines were exposed to a series of BPA concentrations, and the migration and invasion of cells were detected by the wound healing test and transwell assay. Finally, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and siHIF-1α intervention was used to explore the effects of ROS and HIF-1α on cell migration and invasion, respectively. The results demonstrated that the occurrence of BPA-induced migration and invasion were dependent on the dose and time and was most pronounced in DLD1 cells. ROS production was jointly driven by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC). Furthermore, the intervention of NAC and siHIF-1α blocked the HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT axis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that BPA exposure promotes the excessive production of ROS induced by NOX and ETC, which in turn activates the HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT axis to promote the migration and invasion of CC cells. This study provides new insights into the carcinogenic effects of BPA on CC and warns people to pay attention to environmental pollution and the harm caused to human health by low-dose BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Binbin Cui
- *Correspondence: Binbin Cui, ; Yanlong Liu,
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10
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Zhu SD, Zhang J, Liu XJ, Zhang JH, Wei B, Wang WY, Fan YJ, Li D, Cao YX, Zhan L. NLRC5 Might Promote Endometrial Cancer Progression by Inducing PD-L1 Expression. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221112742. [PMID: 35880269 PMCID: PMC9340384 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, caspase recruitment (CARD) domain containing 5 (NLRC5) was dysregulated in endometrial cancer (EC). However, the potential regulatory mechanisms of NLRC5 in EC remained unclear. We aimed to explore whether NLRC5 could regulate the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) in EC. We also investigated the related molecular which led to the inactivation of NLRC5 in EC. Methods: The expressions of NLRC5 and PD-L1 in endometrium tissue microarray were detected by immunohistochemistry. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to detect the expression correlation between NLRC5 and PD-L1. Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the role of NLRC5 in PD-L1 in EC cell lines. The somatic mutation in EC patients was detected by whole-exome sequencing (WGS). Results: NLRC5 was downregulated in the endometrium of EC patients when compared to those in the normal endometrium. The level of PD-L1 in the endometrium of EC patients was higher when compared to those in the normal endometrium. There was a negative expression correlation between NLRC5 and PD-L1. NLRC5 could promote the expression of PD-L1 in EC cell lines. The mutations of ANKRD20A2, C2orf42, ADGRB3, AVPR2, GOLGA6C, and IPPK may lead to the downregulation of NLRC5 in EC patients. Conclusion: NLRC5 could inhibit the activation of PD-L1 in EC. Mutations of ANKRD20A2, C2orf42, ADGRB3, AVPR2, GOLGA6C, and IPPK may lead to the downregulation of NLRC5 in EC patients. Future study should investigate the mechanism of NLRC5 in PD-L1, as well as the mechanism of ANKRD20A2, C2orf42, ADGRB3, AVPR2, GOLGA6C, and IPPK in NLRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ding Zhu
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- 36639The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wei
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xia Cao
- 36639The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhan
- 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhang L, Jiao C, Liu L, Wang A, Tang L, Ren Y, Huang P, Xu J, Mao D, Liu L. NLRC5: A Potential Target for Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704989. [PMID: 34220868 PMCID: PMC8250149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), a class of pattern recognition receptors, participate in the host’s first line of defense against invading pathogenic microorganisms. NLR family caspase recruitment domain containing 5 (NLRC5) is the largest member of the NLR family and has been shown to play an important role in inflammatory processes, angiogenesis, immunity, and apoptosis by regulating the nuclear factor-κB, type I interferon, and inflammasome signaling pathways, as well as the expression of major histocompatibility complex I genes. Recent studies have found that NLRC5 is also associated with neuronal development and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as CNS infection, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, glioma, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. This review summarizes the research progress in the structure, expression, and biological characteristics of NLRC5 and its relationship with the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Jiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Shukla A, Cloutier M, Appiya Santharam M, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. The MHC Class-I Transactivator NLRC5: Implications to Cancer Immunology and Potential Applications to Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041964. [PMID: 33671123 PMCID: PMC7922096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system constantly monitors the emergence of cancerous cells and eliminates them. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which kill tumor cells and provide antitumor immunity, select their targets by recognizing tumor antigenic peptides presented by MHC class-I (MHC-I) molecules. Cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance using diverse strategies. A key mechanism of cancer immune evasion is downregulation of MHC-I and key proteins of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM). Even though impaired MHC-I expression in cancers is well-known, reversing the MHC-I defects remains the least advanced area of tumor immunology. The discoveries that NLRC5 is the key transcriptional activator of MHC-I and APM genes, and genetic lesions and epigenetic modifications of NLRC5 are the most common cause of MHC-I defects in cancers, have raised the hopes for restoring MHC-I expression. Here, we provide an overview of cancer immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells and the functions of NLRC5 in MHC-I antigen presentation pathways. We describe the impressive advances made in understanding the regulation of NLRC5 expression, the data supporting the antitumor functions of NLRC5 and a few reports that argue for a pro-tumorigenic role. Finally, we explore the possible avenues of exploiting NLRC5 for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Shukla
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Madanraj Appiya Santharam
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
- CRCHUS, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
- CRCHUS, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-346-1110 (ext. 14834)
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