Association between interleukin gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Qinghai population

Inflammasome genes polymorphisms are associated with progression to mechanical ventilation and death in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

COVID-19 has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. We assessed the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammasome genesas risk factors for progression toCOVID-19 critical outcomes, such as mechanical ventilation support (MVS) or death.The study included 451 hospitalized individuals followed up at the INI/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 06/2020 to 03/2021. SNPs genotyping was determined by Real-Time PCR. We analyzed risk factors for progression to MVS (n = 174[38.6 %]) or death (n = 175[38.8 %])as a result of COVID-19 by Cox proportional hazardmodels.Slower progression toMVSwas associated with allele G (aHR = 0.66;P = 0.005) or the genotype G/G (aHR = 0.391;P = 0.006) in the NLRP3 rs10754558 or the allele G (aHR = 0.309;P = 0.004) in the IL1βrs1143634, while C allele in the NLRP3 rs4612666 (aHR = 2.342;P = 0.006) or in the rs10754558 (aHR = 2.957;P = 0.005) were associated with faster progression to death. Slower progression to death was associated to allele G (aHR = 0.563;P = 0.006) or the genotype A/G (aHR = 0.537;P = 0.005) in the CARD8 rs6509365; the genotype A/C in the IFI16 rs1101996 (aHR = 0.569;P = 0.011); the genotype T/T (aHR = 0.394;P = 0.004) or allele T (aHR = 0.68;P = 0.006) in the NLRP3 rs4612666, and the genotype G/G (aHR = 0.326;P = 0.005) or allele G (aHR = 0,68;P = 0.014) in the NLRP3 rs10754558. Our results suggest that inflammasome genetic variations might influence the critical clinical course of COVID-19.

Role of Interleukins and New Perspectives in Mechanisms of Resistance to Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer in the world in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for GC. The greatest challenge and major cause of GC treatment failure is resistance to chemotherapy. As such, research is ongoing into molecular evaluation, investigating mechanisms, and screening therapeutic targets. Several mechanisms related to both the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are involved in resistance to chemotherapy. TME promotes the secretion of various inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have revealed that inflammatory cytokines affect not only tumor growth, but also chemoresistance. Cytokines in TME can be detected in blood circulation and TME cells. Inflammatory cytokines could serve as potential biomarkers in the assessment of chemoresistance and influence the management of therapeutics in GC. This review presents recent data concerning research on inflammatory cytokines involved in the mechanisms of chemoresistance and provides new clues in GC treatment.

Role of IL-1β rs1143634 (+3954C>T) polymorphism in cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

OBJECTIVE

Oxidative stress caused by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β has been widely investigated for cancer risk. In this study, we focused on the role of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism to reveal its impact on cancer development.

METHODS

Related studies with fixed inclusion criteria were selected from electronic databases to May 2021. This meta-analysis was performed with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) and in-silico gene expression analysis were performed.

RESULTS

Forty-four case-control studies involving 18,645 patients with cancer and 22,882 controls were included. We observed a significant association of this single nucleotide polymorphism with overall cancer risk in the codominant model 3 (1.13-fold), recessive model (1.14-fold) and allelic model (1.08-fold). Subgroup analysis revealed that rs1143634 elevated the risk of gastric cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma. In addition, Asian and mixed populations and hospital-based controls had a significantly higher risk of cancer development. TSA confirmed our findings.

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis revealed that the presence of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism increases the risk of cancer development. Among polymorphism carriers, the Asian population has a higher risk than other ethnic populations.This meta-analysis was registered retrospectively at INPLASY (https://inplasy.com/, INPLASY2021100044).

Association of Interleukin-10 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer and Gastric Cancer: an Updated Meta-analysis Based on 106 Studies

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of IL-10 polymorphisms with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC).

METHODS

PubMed, Scopus, Embase, SciELO, medRxiv, China Biology Medicine Disc, DeepDyve, CNKI, and Web of Science were used to identify all relevant articles published up to 20th June 2021, without any restrictions on ethnicity. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the strength of the associations.

RESULTS

A total of 106 case-control studies were included. For CRC, 15 studies with 2772 cases and 3719 controls on -1082A/G, 11 studies with 3259 cases and 4992 controls on -592C/A, and 3 studies with 477 cases and 544 controls on -819 T/C were selected. For GC, 31 studies with 6229 cases and 8666 controls on -1082A/G, 27 studies with 5457 cases and 8381 controls on -592C/A, and 19 studies with 3556 cases and 6218 controls on -819 T/C were included. Pooled data showed a significant association between IL-10-819 T/C polymorphism and CRC susceptibility in overall population, but not for IL-10-1082A/G and -592C/A polymorphisms. However, IL-10-592C/A polymorphism was associated with CRC risk in Asians. A significant association of IL-10-1082A/G polymorphism with the GC risk was found. In the ethnicity subgroup analysis, a significant association was found between IL-10-1082A/G polymorphism and GC risk among Asians. The IL-10-819 T/C was not associated with GC risk in overall population and by ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our pooled data show a significant association of IL-10-819 T/C and IL-10-1082A/G polymorphisms with CRC and GC in overall population, respectively. However, other factors may influence these associations, and large-scale studies with adequate methodological quality are necessary to confirm the impact on CRC and GC risk.