High retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor A gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes may be related to acute myocardial infarction

Identification of Immuno-Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatics

Purpose

Previous studies have confirmed that inflammation and immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, only few related genes are identified as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.

Patients and Methods

GSE48060 and GSE60993 datasets were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed immuno-inflammation-related genes (DEIIRGs) were obtained from GSE48060, and the biomarkers for AMI were screened and validated using the "Neuralnet" package and GSE60993 dataset. Further, the biomarker-based nomogram was constructed, and miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and potential drugs targeting the biomarkers were explored. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis was analyzed in AMI. Finally, the biomarkers were verified by assessing their mRNA levels using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Results

First, eight biomarkers were screened via bioinformatics, and the artificial neural network model indicated a higher prediction accuracy for AMI even in the validation dataset. Nomogram had accurate forecasting ability for AMI as well. The TFs GTF2I, PHOX2B, RUNX1, and FOS targeting hsa-miR-1297 could regulate the expressions of ADM and CBLB, and RORA could effectively interact with melatonin and citalopram. RT-qPCR results for ADM, PI3, MMP9, NRG1 and CBLB were consistent with those of bioinformatic analysis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, eight key immuno-inflammation-related genes, namely, SH2D1B, ADM, PI3, MMP9, NRG1, CBLB, RORA, and FASLG, may serve as the potential biomarkers for AMI, in which the downregulation of CBLB and upregulation of ADM, PI3, and NRG1 in AMI was detected for the first time, providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.

Brain nuclear receptors and cardiovascular function

Brain-heart interaction has raised up increasing attentions. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain, and emerging evidence indicates that a number of these brain NRs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, etc. In this review, we will elaborate recent findings that have established the physiological relevance of brain NRs in the context of cardiovascular function. In addition, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding the distinct neuronal populations that respond to brain NRs in the cardiovascular control. These findings suggest connections between cardiac control and brain dynamics through NR signaling, which may lead to novel tools for the treatment of pathological changes in the CVDs.

Trace Elements Open a New Direction for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis

Abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue leads to a condition called obesity. Long-term positive energy balance arises when energy intake surpasses energy expenditure, which increases the risk of metabolic and other chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In industrialized countries, the prevalence of coronary heart disease is positively correlated with the human development index. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD) is among the primary causes of death on a global scale. There is evidence to support the notion that individuals from varied socioeconomic origins may experience varying mortality effects as a result of high blood pressure, high blood sugar, raised cholesterol levels, and high body mass index (BMI). However, it is believed that changes in the concentration of trace elements in the human body are the main contributors to the development of some diseases and the transition from a healthy to a diseased state. Metal trace elements, non-metal trace elements, and the sampling site will be examined to determine whether trace elements can aid in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. This article will discuss whether trace elements, discussed under three sections of metal trace elements, non-metal trace elements, and the sampling site, can participate in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.

ERCC5, HES6 and RORA are potential diagnostic markers of coronary artery disease

The mortality rate of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) increases year by year, and the age of onset is decreasing, primarily because of the lack of an efficient and convenient diagnostic method for CAD. In the present study, we aimed to detect CAD-correlated biomarkers and the regulatory pathways involved through weighted co-expression network analysis. The microarray data originated from 93 CAD patients and 48 controls within the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The gene network was implemented by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and the genes were observed to fall into a range of modules. We took the intersection of genes in the modules most correlated with CAD with the differentially expressed genes of CAD, which were identified by applying the limma package. Lasso regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination algorithms were used to determine CAD candidate signature genes. The biomarkers for diagnosing CAD were detected by validating candidate signature gene diagnostic capabilities (receiver operating characteristic curves) based on data sets from GEO. Three modules were selected, and 26 vital genes were identified. Eight of these genes were reported as the optimal candidate features in terms of CAD diagnosis. Through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we identified three genes (ERCC5, HES6 and RORA; area under the curve > 0.8) capable of distinguishing CAD from the control, and observed that these genes are correlated with the immune response. In summary, ERCC5, HES6 and RORA may have potential for diagnosis of CAD.

The Role of Circadian Clock Genes in Critical Illness: The Potential Role of Translational Clock Gene Therapies for Targeting Inflammation, Mitochondrial Function, and Muscle Mass in Intensive Care

The Earth's 24-h planetary rotation, with predictable light and heat cycles, has driven profound evolutionary adaptation, with prominent impacts on physiological mechanisms important for surviving critical illness. Pathways of interest include inflammation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, hypoxic signaling, apoptosis, and defenses against reactive oxygen species. Regulation of these by the cellular circadian clock (BMAL-1 and its network) has an important influence on pulmonary inflammation; ventilator-associated lung injury; septic shock; brain injury, including vasospasm; and overall mortality in both animals and humans. Whether it is cytokines, the inflammasome, or mitochondrial biogenesis, circadian medicine represents exciting opportunities for translational therapy in intensive care, which is currently lacking. Circadian medicine also represents a link to metabolic determinants of outcome, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. More than ever, we are appreciating the problem of circadian desynchrony in intensive care. This review explores the rationale and evidence for the importance of the circadian clock in surviving critical illness.