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Formulation and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Lecithin-Based Liposome Complexes with Poly(acrylic acid)/Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and Pluronic® Copolymers for Controlled Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040735. [PMID: 35456569 PMCID: PMC9029292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer–liposome complexes (PLCs) can be efficiently applied for the treatment and/or diagnosis of several types of diseases, such as cancerous, dermatological, neurological, ophthalmic and orthopedic. In this work, temperature-/pH-sensitive PLC-based systems for controlled release were developed and characterized. The selected hydrophilic polymeric setup consists of copolymers of Pluronic®-poly(acrylic acid) (PLU-PAA) and Pluronic®-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PLU-PD) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The copolymers were incorporated into liposomes formulated from soybean lecithin, with different copolymer/phospholipid ratios (2.5, 5 and 10%). PLCs were characterized by evaluating their particle size, polydispersity, surface charge, capacity of release and encapsulation efficiency. Their cytotoxic potential was assessed by determining the viability of human epithelial cells exposed to them. The results showed that the incorporation of the synthesized copolymers positively contributed to the stabilization of the liposomes. The main accomplishments of this work were the innovative synthesis of PLU-PD and PLU-PAA by ATRP, and the liposome stabilization by their incorporation. The formulated PLCs exhibited relevant characteristics, notably stimuli-responsive attributes upon slight changes in pH and/or temperature, with proven absence of cellular toxicity, which could be of interest for the treatment or diagnosis of all diseases that cause some particular pH/temperature change in the target area.
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El-Fatyany A, Wang H, Abd El-Atty SM. Efficient Framework Analysis for Targeted Drug Delivery Based on Internet of Bio-NanoThings. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021; 46:9965-9980. [PMID: 33907662 PMCID: PMC8061466 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Internet of Bio-NanoThings (IoBNTs) is a novel paradigm that derives from synthetic biology and advances in nanotechnology for controlling the embedded nanodevices in various medical applications. However, numerous studies have focused on communication efficiency among the nanodevices in a given network, the challenges such as the design and the development of the nanodevices, and the coordination of molecular communication within the wireless body area network (BAN), and the interface connection between the BAN and the Internet are yet to be addressed. Therefore, in this study, we present a framework analysis comprising of the compartmental model, for studying the effects and variances in drug concentration that occur inside intra-body nanonetworks through IoBNT, while taking into account the properties of target cells as well as the ligand-receptor binding mechanism. A performance analysis of the proposed framework for the forward link (i.e., from the Internet to the intra-body nanonetwork) and reverse link (i.e., from the intra-body nanonetwork to the Internet) is presented. The simulation results of the developed framework reveal its ability to enhance the delivery of therapeutic drugs to the target cell while minimizing the side effects in healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya El-Fatyany
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China.,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El‑Kom, Egypt
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China
| | - Saied M Abd El-Atty
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
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El-Fatyany A, Wang H, Abd El-atty SM, Khan M. Biocyber Interface-Based Privacy for Internet of Bio-nano Things. WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 114:1465-1483. [DOI: 10.1007/s11277-020-07433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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4
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Mobasheri T, Rayzan E, Shabani M, Hosseini M, Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Rezaei N. Neuroblastoma-targeted nanoparticles and novel nanotechnology-based treatment methods. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1751-1775. [PMID: 32735058 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a complicated pediatric tumor, originating from the neural crest, which is the most prevalent in adrenal glands, but may rarely be seen in some other tissues as well. Studies are focused on developing new strategies through novel chemo- and immuno-therapeutic drug targets. Different types of oncogenes such as MYCN, tumor suppressor genes such as p53, and some structural genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor are considered as targets for neuroblastoma therapy. The individual expression patterns in NB cells make them appropriate for this purpose. The combined effect of nano-drug delivery systems and specific drug targets will result in lower systemic side effects, prolonged therapeutic effects, and improvements in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. Some of these novel drug delivery systems with a focus on liposomes as carriers are also discussed. In this review, genes and protein products that are beneficial as drug targets in the treatment of neuroblastoma have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranom Mobasheri
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mina Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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5
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang J, Yue W. The Effects of Ultrasound and Arsenic Trioxide on Neurogliocytoma Cells and Secondary Activation of Macrophages. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:780-8. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background As a new technique for clinical therapeutics, ultrasound has synergistic effects on traditional chemotherapy. Arsenic trioxide (AS2O3), an apoptosis-inducing drug, has successfully been used in the treatment of some tumor types in recent years. Macrophages have both positive and negative effects on the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of ultrasound and AS2O3 on a glioma cell line and the secondary activation of macrophages by cell death, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of AS2O3 and ultrasound in glioma treatment. Methods Different AS2O3 concentrations were used solely or combined with ultrasound in rat glioma C6 cells to induce cell death. The degree of C6 cell death was determined by AnnexinV-FITC and PI double staining. The intracellular arsenium concentration and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from C6 cells were also measured. The supernatant of C6 cells was then used to stimulate macrophages. Finally the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of TNF-α and TGF-β1 by macrophages were determined. Results The cell death increase in the group where ultrasound was used together with AS2O3 was significantly higher than that obtained by either ultrasound or AS2O3. The increase was also significantly higher than the sum of the increases in the ultrasound and the AS2O3 only groups. At the same AS2O3 concentration, additional treatment with ultrasound can significantly increase the intracellular arsenium concentration. The release of LDH from C6 cells showed a close, direct correlation with late apoptosis and necrosis, but did not exhibit an obvious correlation with early apoptosis. The activation of NF-κB and the secretion of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in macrophages also showed a close direct correlation with late apoptosis and necrosis. Conclusions This in vitro study demonstrates that ultrasound may synergistically enhance the cell-killing effect by promoting AS2O3 to enter the C6 cells. Macrophages may be activated by killed C6 cells, especially by necrotic C6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Anatomy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wu Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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6
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Simões MG, Alves P, Carvalheiro M, Simões PN. Stability effect of cholesterol-poly(acrylic acid) in a stimuli-responsive polymer-liposome complex obtained from soybean lecithin for controlled drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:103-113. [PMID: 28088691 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of polymer-liposome complexes (PLCs), in particular for biomedical applications, has grown significantly in the last decades. The importance of these studies comes from the emerging need in finding intelligent controlled release systems, more predictable, effective and selective, for applications in several areas, such as treatment and/or diagnosis of cancer, neurological, dermatological, ophthalmic and orthopedic diseases, gene therapy, cosmetic treatments, and food engineering. This work reports the development and characterization of a pH sensitive system for controlled release based on PLCs. The selected hydrophilic polymer was poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with a cholesterol (CHO) end-group to improve the anchoring of the polymer into the lipid bilayer. The polymer was incorporated into liposomes formulated from soybean lecithin and stearylamine, with different stearylamine/phospholipid and polymer/phospholipid ratios (5, 10 and 20%). The developed PLCs were characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, release profiles, and encapsulation efficiency. Cell viability studies were performed to assess the cytotoxic potential of PLCs. The results showed that the liposomal formulation with 5% of stearylamine and 10% of polymer positively contribute to the stabilization of the complexes. Afterwards, the carboxylic acid groups of the polymer present at the surface of the liposomes were crosslinked and the same parameters analyzed. The crosslinked complexes showed to be more stable at physiologic conditions. In addition, the release profiles at different pHs (2-12) revealed that the obtained complexes released all their content at acidic conditions. In summary, the main accomplishments of this work are: (i) innovative synthesis of cholesterol-poly(acrylic acid) (CHO-PAA) by ATRP; (ii) stabilization of the liposomal formulation by incorporation of stearylamine and CHO-PAA; (iii) new approach for CHO-PAA crosslinking, resulting in more stable PLCs at physiological conditions; (iv) destabilization of PLCs upon slight changes of pH, showing their pH sensitivity; and (v) the PLCs do not exhibit cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Simões
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Alves
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Carvalheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P N Simões
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Chude-Okonkwo UAK, Malekian R, Maharaj BTS. Molecular Communication Model for Targeted Drug Delivery in Multiple Disease Sites_newline With Diversely Expressed Enzymes. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:230-45. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2526783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Iyer R, Croucher JL, Chorny M, Mangino JL, Alferiev IS, Levy RJ, Kolla V, Brodeur GM. Nanoparticle delivery of an SN38 conjugate is more effective than irinotecan in a mouse model of neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:205-12. [PMID: 25684664 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadly solid tumor in children. The majority of NB patients have advanced stage disease with poor prognosis, so more effective, less toxic therapy is needed. We developed a novel nanocarrier-based strategy for tumor-targeted delivery of a prodrug of SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. We formulated ultrasmall-sized (<100 nm) biodegradable poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) based nanoparticles (NPs) containing SN38 conjugated to tocopherol succinate (SN38-TS). Alternative dosing schedules of SN38-TS NPs were compared to irinotecan. Comparison of SN38-TS NPs (2 doses) with irinotecan (20 doses) showed equivalent efficacy but no cures. Comparison of SN38-TS NPs (8, 8, and 16 doses, respectively) to irinotecan (40 doses) showed that all SN38-TS NP regimens were far superior to irinotecan, and "cures" were obtained in all NP arms. SN38-TS NP delivery resulted in 200× the amount of SN38 in NB tumors at 4 hr post-treatment, compared to SN38 detected for the irinotecan arm; no toxicity was seen with NPs. We conclude that this SN38-TS NP formulation improved delivery, retention, and efficacy, without causing systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Iyer
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie L Croucher
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer L Mangino
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkatadri Kolla
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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9
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The potent in vitro skin permeation of archaeosome made from lipids extracted of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2013; 2013:782012. [PMID: 24453698 PMCID: PMC3888715 DOI: 10.1155/2013/782012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Archaeosomes are a new generation of liposomes that exhibit higher stabilities under different conditions, such as high temperatures, alkaline or acidic pH, and presence of bile salts in comparison with liposomes, and can be used in biotechnology including drug, gene, and vaccine delivery. The objective of this study was to prepare archaeosomes using lipid extracted from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and evaluate their physicochemical properties. The lipids were extracted from S. acidocaldarius and assayed by High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Archaeosomes were prepared using film method and methylene blue was used as drug model. They were characterized for their vesicle size and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate changes in their thermal behavior. The released amount of methylene blue was determined using a dialysis membrane and rat skin. HPTLC analysis of the extracted lipids showed that glycerol ether may be the major lipid with more than 78 percent probability. Results of particle size determination showed a mean size of 158.33 nm and the results of DSC indicated the possible interaction of methylene blue with lipids during the preparation of archaeosome. The addition of cholesterol significantly improved the encapsulation of methylene blue in the archaeosome so that the encapsulation efficiency was 61.66 ± 2.88%. The result of in vitro skin permeation showed that methylene blue could pass through skin model according to Peppas model and there was about 41.66% release after 6 h, whereas no release was observed through dialysis membrane. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that archaeosome may be successfully used as drug delivery system.
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10
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Dhankhar R, Vyas SP, Jain AK, Arora S, Rath G, Goyal AK. Advances in novel drug delivery strategies for breast cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 38:230-49. [PMID: 20677900 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2010.494578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the world's most devastating diseases. However, better understanding of tumor biology and improved diagnostic devices could lead to improved therapeutic outcomes. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Various nanocarriers have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. Recently, targeted drug delivery systems for anti-tumor drugs have demonstrated great potential to lower cytotoxicity and increase therapeutic effects. Various ligands/approaches have been explored for targeting breast cancer. This paper provides an overview of breast cancer, conventional therapy, potential of nanotechnology in management of breast cancer, and rational approaches for targeting breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Dhankhar
- Nanomedicine Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, Punjab, India
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11
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Peng CA, Wang CH. Anti-Neuroblastoma Activity of Gold Nanorods Bound with GD2 Monoclonal Antibody under Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:227-40. [PMID: 24212615 PMCID: PMC3756358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma is one of the most common deaths in pediatric oncology. Current treatment of this disease involves a coordinated sequence of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Further advances in therapy will require the targeting of tumor cells in a more selective and efficient way so that survival can be improved without substantially increasing toxicity. To achieve tumor-selective delivery, disialoganglioside (GD2) expressed by almost all neuroblastoma tumors represents a potential molecular target that can be exploited for tumor-selective delivery. In this study, GD2 monoclonal antibody (anti-GD2) was conjugated to gold nanorods (GNRs) which are one of anisotropic nanomaterials that can absorb near-infrared (NIR) laser light and convert it to energy for photothermolysis of tumor cells. Thiolated chitosan, due to its biocompatibility, was used to replace cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) originally used in the synthesis of gold nanorods. In order to specifically target GD2 overexpressed on the surface of neuroblastoma stNB-V1 cells, anti-GD2 was conjugated to chitosan modified GNRs (CGNRs). To examine the fate of CGNRs conjugated with anti-GD2 after incubation with neuroblastoma cells, rhadoamine B was labeled on CGNRs functionalized with anti-GD2. Our results illustrated that anti-GD2-conjugated CGNRs were extensively endocytosed by GD2+ stNB-V1 neuroblastoma cells via antibody-mediated endocytosis. In addition, we showed that anti-GD2 bound CGNRs were not internalized by GD2- SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. After anti-GD2-linked CGNRs were incubated with neuroblatoma cells for six hours, the treated cells were further irradiated with 808 nm NIR laser. Post-NIR laser exposure, when examined by calcein-AM dye, stNB-V1 cells all underwent necrosis, while non-GD2 expressing SH-SY5Y cells all remained viable. Based on the in vitro study, CGNRs bound with anti-GD2 has the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic thermal coupling agent that generates heat sufficient to selectively kill neuroblastoma cells under NIR laser light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-An Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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12
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Provenzale JM, Silva GA. Uses of nanoparticles for central nervous system imaging and therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1293-301. [PMID: 19617446 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Applications of nanotechnology to medicine are leading to novel means of imaging living systems and of delivering therapy. Much nanotechnology research is focused on methods for imaging central nervous system functions and disease states. In this review, the principles of nanoparticle design and function are discussed with specific emphasis on applications to neuroradiology. In addition to innovative forms of imaging, this review describes therapeutic uses of nanoparticles, such as drug delivery systems, neuroprotection devices, and methods for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Provenzale
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710-3808, USA.
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13
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Wagner LM, Danks MK. New therapeutic targets for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:46-57. [PMID: 19277986 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma remains a major problem in pediatric oncology, accounting for 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Although incremental improvements in outcome have been achieved with the intensification of conventional chemotherapy agents and the addition of 13-cis-retinoic acid, only one-third of children with high-risk disease are expected to be long-term survivors when treated with current regimens. In addition, the cost of cure can be quite high, as surviving children remain at risk for additional health problems related to long-term toxicities of treatment. Further advances in therapy will require the targeting of tumor cells in a more selective and efficient way so that survival can be improved without substantially increasing toxicity. In this review we summarize ongoing clinical trials and highlight new developments in our understanding of the molecular biology of neuroblastoma, emphasizing potential targets or pathways that may be exploitable therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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14
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Current Opinion in Oncology. Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2009; 21:386-92. [PMID: 19509503 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Ng BC, Yu M, Gopal A, Rome LH, Monbouquette HG, Tolbert SH. Encapsulation of semiconducting polymers in vault protein cages. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3503-9. [PMID: 18803422 PMCID: PMC3046045 DOI: 10.1021/nl080537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a semiconducting polymer [poly(2-methoxy-5-propyloxy sulfonate phenylene vinylene), MPS-PPV] can be encapsulated inside recombinant, self-assembling protein nanocapsules called "vaults". Polymer incorporation into these nanosized protein cages, found naturally at approximately 10,000 copies per human cell, was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Although vault cellular functions and gating mechanisms remain unknown, their large internal volume and natural prevalence within the human body suggests they could be used as carriers for therapeutics and medical imaging reagents. This study provides the groundwork for the use of vaults in encapsulation and delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny C. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Marcella Yu
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ajaykumar Gopal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Leonard H. Rome
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Harold G. Monbouquette
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sarah H. Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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